J 


% 


,0. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


// 


«>   /<' 


^^  4^x 


A 


t/i 


1.0 


I.I 


la  m   112.2 


1.25  I 


?  1.4 


1.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


■y 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14^80 

(716)  872-4503 


^     MII^W*. 


■:.-\t.-:_  .-\if.f:,,,'«*Era',iw;i»i«r3jiWtTcar^  -3K^-i;WP;t'*fiKje;.lg?ir-r 


liMi 


m 


[<'x 


Q. 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


1^ 


0 


\ 


^     f 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


rr/  Coloured  covers/ 

I  XI    Couverture  de  couleur 


D 
D 
D 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I — I    Coloured  maps/ 

I — I    Coloured  Ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 

I — I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  Ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue 

Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
alon^  interior  margin/ 

La  reiiure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  posslbie.  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  cartaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaiss&nt  dans  le  texte. 
mais.  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  mellleur  exemplaire 
qu'll  lui  a  6t6  possible  do  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-«tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 

□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

□    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es.  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 


□    Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

□    Quelity  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

□   Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 


D 
D 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  on't  6t6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fa^on  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  imagr/  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 
Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  r6duction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

18X  22X 


10X 


n 


14X 


26X 


aox 


12X 


16X 


20X 


Z 

24X 


1 


28X 


32X 


jre. 


] 


!X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ♦►  'meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmod 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1 

2 

3 

L'exempJaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
gAnArosit6  da: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6'i'j  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  Texemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fllmage. 

Les  exemplafres  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  filmds  en  commenqant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  teiie 
empreinte. 

Un  das  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  'FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1  2  3 

4  5  6 


I  \ 


M^^ 


:l 


, 


..I      I  r.rrn.  ,1  '  "  ■' 


MEDICAL  EDUCATION 


ANP    THE 


foplata  of  tta  Pi*  ol  Mdic 


IN    THK 


UNITED  STATES  AND  CANADA. 


,n.r.m.  by  the  ^Lumis  svat.  .o.hu  or  HE.Lrn,  Asn 

PUBLISHED  BY  f'EKMISSION    OF  THE   BOARD. 


0^        -Ir 


1  ' 


Revibbd  and  Oobbeoted  t.)  Maiwh  IHT.  1884. 


CHICAGO . 
W.    T.    KEENER. 

1884. 


i^ 


V' 


\ 

I. 


wimmat 


Copyrighted,  1884,  by  W.  T.  Kebmbji. 


R.  R.  McCABKACO., 

nrnraBS, 
M  and  M  Wabuh  Ave., 
]9, 14  and  26  Randolph 
CHtCAQO. 


_^_ 


Jit.tl'Jf...  '^.. 


S-J.C- 


\ 


•9 

i 


PUBLISHER'S    NOTE. 


i 


So  luiicli  interest  iittiiclu'H,  at  tin-  present  time.  ti.  tlie  subject  of 
Medical  Education  in  tliis  country,  that  tlie  Hul)scril>ei-  lias  been  induced  to 
apply  U>  the  Iixinoih  State  Boabi)  of  Health  for  permission  to  publish  a 
revised  and  corrected  edition  of  the  section  from  the  forthcoming  Fifth 
Annual  Report  of  the  Uoabd.  entitled  Mediral  KUiiaition  iinil  the  liiyiilatiop 
of  Uif    I'ractice   of  Medichw    in   the   United   States  and    Canada. 

This  request  the  Boaiu)  lias  acceded  to,  for  the  reason  that  tlie  edition 
at  the  disposal  of  the  Boabd  will  be  entirely  inade<iuate  to  sujiply  the 
demand,  already  made  from  every  i)art  of  this  country  and  from  abroad, 
for   a   work   which   is   encyclopedic    in    its   scope,   character    and    execution. 

W.   T.    K. 

Cmcaoo.  Maboh  1st,  1884. 


r> 


tti 


ii^ii. 


v**-.*      '* 


r  <y 


..iJ  -  ..'-•- 


CONTENTS. 


SoHEUUiiE  (IP  Minimum  REymBEMENTH  entitmno  a  College  to  Reooonition. 

La    h  ueoulating  the  Pbactioe  of  Medicine  in  the  United  Stateh  and  Canada. 

Medkal  Inhtitiitionh  in  the  United  Stateh  *nd  Canada  Kxtinct  and  Exihtino— 
iNOLUDiNO  Examining  and  TiidENHiNo  Bodieh. 

Medical  Colusoeh-  Exihtino:  Theib  Oboanization;  Coubse  of  Inhtbuotion;  Rb- 
(iuiREMENTH  FOB  Admihhion  AND  Gbaduation;  Fees;  NrMBEK  OF  Sti'dbntb; 
Pebcentaoe  of  Gbaduateh  to  Matbioulateh;  etc. 

AUXILIABY  AND  PoHT-GBADUATB  ScHOOLH. 

COLLEOEH  FOB  WoMEN  ONLY;  FOB  BoTH  SeXEH;  FOB  CoLOBBD  StUDENTH. 

COLLEOEH  (lONFEBBINO  DeOBEEH  ON  SUMMEB  HESHIONH. 

LiHT  OF  InHTITUTIONS,  EXTINCT  AND  BXIHTINO,  NOT  BEOOONIZED. 

SlTMMARV  AND  TaBULAB  STATEMENTS. 


• 


i 


MEDICAL   EDUCATION 


ANIi   THK 


REGULATION  OF  THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE 


UNITED  HTATES  AND  CANADA. 


i: 


In  June  1880,  ihe  Illinoih  State  Boaw)  of  Health  appointed 
ft  committee  to  formulate  a  Schedule  of  Educational  Requirement« 
and  Methods,  by  which  to  determine  the  good  Htanduig  of  medical 
colleges  This  step  waH  tiOcen  in  order  to  enable  the  Boaui.  the  better 
to  discharge  the  duty  devolved  upon  it  by  the  Act  to  Regulate  the 
Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  State  of  Illinois;  and  by  which  Act  the 
Boakd  is  directed  to  "issre  certificates  to  all  who  furnish  satisfactory 
proof  of  having  received  diplomas  or  licenses  from  legally-chartered 
medical  institutions  in  good  standing," -mch  certificates  being  neces- 
sary to  the  legal  practice  of  medicine  in  the  Stat6. 

The  following  Schedule  was  prepared  by  the  committee,  and  sub- 
seouently  formally  idopted  by  the  Boari.,  us  the  standard  enhtling  to 
recognition,  as  the  basis  .«  qualification  for  practic  in  Illinois,  any 
diploma  issued  after  the  session  of  1882-83: 

Minimum  Requirements  FOK  A  Medical  College  to  be  held  in  "Good 

Standing." 
1.     conditions  of  admission  to  le(iture  courses. 

.      Credible  certificates  of  good  moral  standing. 

2.     Diplomas  of    graduation  from  a  good  literary  and   scientihc 
college,  or  high  school.     Or,  lacking  this, 

'  A  thorough  examination  in  the  branches  of  a  good  English 
education,  including  mathematics,  English  composition,  and  elementary 
physics  or  natural  philosophy. 

„.       BRANCHES    OF    MEDICAL  '  SCIENCE     TO     -    INCLUDED     IN     THE     COURSE     OF 

INSTRUCTION" 

1.  Anatomy.     2.  Physiology.      3.  •    .emistry.      4  Materia  Medica 


mamt 


VIll 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


and  TheriijionticK.  5.  Tbnory  und  Piiictice  of  Medicina  6.  Patho- 
logy. 7.  Hnrgevy.  !S.  Obstetrics  and  Gynecology.  W.  Hygiene.  10. 
Medical  Jnrisprudei.ce  (Forensic  Medicine), 

HI.        LENrtTH    OF    KEGHILAU    OK    (IKADUATINO    COURSKH. 

1.  The  time  occupied  in  the  regular  courses  or  sessions  from  which 
utudents  are  graduated  shall  not  be  less  than  live  months,  or  twenty 

weeks  each. 

2.  Two  full  courses  of  lectures,  not  within  one  and  the  same  year 
of  time,  shall  be  required  for  graduation  with  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine. 

IV.        ATTENDANCE    AND    EXAMINATIONS    <  )K    QUIZZES. 

1.  Regular  attendance  during  the  entire  lecture  courses  shall  be 
recjuired,  allowance  being  made  only  for  absences  occasioned  by  the 
student's  sickness,  such  absences  not  to  exceed  twenty  per  centum  of 

the  course. 

^.  Regular  examinations  or  (juizzes  to  lie  made  l)y  each  lecturer  or 
professor  daily,  or  at  least  twice  each  week. 

8.  Final  examinations  on  all  branches  to  be  conducted,  when  prac- 
ticable, by  competent  examiners  other  than  the  professors  in  each 
branch. 

V.        DISSECTIONS.    CLINICS    AND    HOSPITAL    ATTENDANCE. 

1 .  Each  student  shall  have  dissected  during  two  courses. 

2.  Attendance  during  at  least  two  terms  of  clinical  and  hospital 
instruction  shall  be  rec  paired. 

VI.       THE    TIME    OF    PROFESSIONAL    STUDIES. 

This  shall  not  be  less  than  three  full  years  before  graduation, 
including  the  time  spent  with  a  preceptor,  attendance  upon  lectures 
or  at  clinics  and  hospital. 

VII.        INSTRUCTION. 

The  college  must  show  that  it  has  a  sufficient  and  comj)etent  corps 
of  instructors,  and  the  necessary  facilities  for  teaching,  dissections, 
clinics,  etc. 


Hereafter,  diplomas  of  colleg(>s  whose  educational  requirements  and 
methods  fall  below  the  above  Schedule,  will  not  be  recognized  as  enti- 
tling their  possessors  to  certificates  from  tlie  Illinois  State  Board  of 


MEDICAL  EDUCATION. 


IZ 


Health.  This  does  not,  bowover,  aflfect  the  value  of  diplomat:  issued 
prior  to  the  session  of  1883-84. 

In  addition  to  the  institutions  (mainly  fraudiilent)  listed  on  a 
subsequent  page,  as  •'  not  recognized  by  the  Illinois  State  Board  of 
Health,"  there  are  a  number  of  colleges,  most  of  them  reputable, 
concerning  which  the  Board  had  not  been  called  upon  to  decide  previ- 
ous to  the  adoption  of  the  present  standard.  So  that,  while  this  list 
includes  schools  to  whom  recognition  is  absolutely  refused  under  any 
standard,  it  does  not  imply  that  all  others  are  recognized.  In  point  of 
fact,  the  Board  has  not  yet  had  occasion  to  fix  the  status  of  any  school 
under  the  new  requirements,  and  will  not  until  after  the  ck)se  of  the 
present  session — that  of  1883-84. 

The  standing  of  any  medical  college  may,  however,  be  readily 
determine  1 — for  the  purposes  of  the  Illinois  Medical  Practice  Act — by 
comparing  its  curriculum  of  study  and  requirements  with  the  Schedule 
of  the  Board  above  set  forth. 

In  the  following  pages  will  be  found  the  curricula  of  study  and  the 
requirements  of  all  existing  medical  schools  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada,*  compiled  from  their  respective  announcements  and  other 
publications  of  recent  date.  This  compilation  differs  from  that  hereto- 
fore ])nblished  by  the  Bo.\ud,  in  the  omission  of  any  direct  stat(>ment 
concerning  the  recognition  or  non -recognition  of  the  schools.  The 
comparison  above  suggested  will  indicate  this  fact,  and  students 
intending  to  practice  in  Illinois,  will  do  well  to  make  this  comparison 
for  themselves.  Unless  their  diplomas  are  from  colleges  in  "  good 
standing,"  as  defined  by  the  Schedule,  the  only  other  method  which 
will  entitle  them  to  practice  in  this  State,  under  the  law,  is  by  passing 
a  satisfactory  examination  liofore  the  Board. 

The  Schedule  of  the  Illinois  Board  has  been  adopted  by  the 
Missouri  State  Board  of  Health,  the  Minnesota  State  Board  of  Medical 
Examiners,  and  the  West  Virginia  State  Board  of  Health.  The  Bor-d 
of  Censors  of  the  Medical  Association  of  Alabama  also  have  its  adop- 
tion under  consideration. 


The  Directory  of  Institutions  granting  Medical  Diplomas  or 
Licenses  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  which  was  published  in  the 
Fourth  Annual  Report  of   the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Heait",  has 

I  carefully  revised,  added  to,  and  lu'ought  up  to  date  of  ;  luunince- 
ments   of    1883-84  ;     and    enlarged    by  prefixing,  to  the  colleges    in 


♦with  the  excepliciii  nf  the  Muuitolm  (lolleffo  ut  Wluuipug,  recently  orgaulzod. 


,       I 


j:ijrz.vj£Ji: 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


I 


each  State,  the  laws  regulating  the  practice  of  medicine  therein,  to- 
gether with  comments  by  correspondents  of  the  Board.  Various  other 
data,  coucorning  extinct  institutions;  licensing  bodies;  preparatory, 
auxiliary  and  post-graduate  schools;  examining  boards,  etc.,  have  also 
been  added.  At  the  close  will  be  found  a  summaiy  and  vanous  tabular 
statements. 

Note.— The  necessity  for  an  index  is  obviated  by  the  system  of 
arrangement  adopted,  i.  e.,  the  States  in  their  alphabetical  order,  and 
the  various  institutions  m  their  chronological  order  under  each  State, 
vnthout  regard  to  school  of  practice. 


a  therein,  to- 
Various  other 
preparatory, 
(tc.,  have  also 
in'ous  tabular 


he  Bystem  of 
al  order,  and 
er  each  State, 


MHDICAI.   LAWS   AND    INSTITUTIONS 


IN    THE 


UNITED   STATES   AND    CANADA. 


ALABAMA. 

Population,  l.2()2,r)()5.*     Number  of  i)hysicians,  1,552.*      Number 
of  inhabitants  to  each  jihysician,  SKI 
An  Act  to  Ri^gulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  State  of  Alabiuua. 

Be  it  emicted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Alabamn: 

Section  1.  That  no  person,  except  those  proj)osing  to  practice  Home  irregular 
system  of  meilicine,  shall  be  permitted  to  practice  medicine  in  any  of  its  brancheB 
or  departmeats  ns  a  profession  and  means  of  livelihood  in  this  State,  without 
having  obtained  a  certificate  of  <iualification  from  some  authorized  board  of 
medical  examiner",  as  hereinafter  provided. 

§  2.  That  no  person  shall  be  permitted  to  practice  any  irregular  system  of 
medicine  in  any  of  its  branches  or  departments  as  a  profession  or  means 
of  livelihood,  in  this  State,  without  having  ol>tained  n  diploma  or  certificate  of 
qualification  in  anatomy,  physiology,  chemistrj  and  the  mechanism  of  labor  from 
some  authorized  board  of  medical  examiners,  as  hereinafteM|j»vided. 

§  3.  That  the  Board  of  Censors  of  the  Medical  Association  of  the  State  of 
Alabama,  organized  according  to  the  constitution  of  the  said  Medical  Association 
of  the  State  of  Alabama,  which  was  adopted  at  its  annual  meeting  at  the  city  of 
Tuscaloosa,  in  March,  1873,  and  the  boards  of  censors  of  the  several  county 
medical  societies  which  are  in  affiliation  with  the  said  Medical  Association  of  the 
State  of  Alabama,  and  organized  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  consti- 
tution just  mentioned,  be  and  are  hereby  constituted  the  authorized  Boards  of 
Medical  Examini'iji  referred  to  in  the  first  section  of  this  act. 

§  4.  That  the  standard  of  qualilications  required  of  persons  desiring  to 
practice  medicine  in  this  State,  together  with  the  rules  for  the  government  of  the 
authorized  boards  of  medical  examiners,  shall  be  such  as  may  be  determined  from 
time  to  time  by  the  said  Medical  Association  of  the  State  of  Alabama,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  its  said  constitution  of  1873. 

*  Where  not  otherwise  speclflcd,  the  figures  of  populntiou  nud  number  of  phypiclnnf  are  thom 
given  In  the  O.  8.  Con-iUH.  1880. 
1 


i 


•\    ' 


h 


2  MEDICAL  lAVVS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 

^  5  Tlmt  every  diplom..  or  certificnte  of  ,,u,Uifloatiou  authorizing  uny  per- 
son to  i.ractice  meaicine  in  this  State,  which  Bhall  be  iB«ued  by  any  authonzed 
U  Li  o  .uedical  exa.niner^,  Bhall  be  presented  to  tho  probate  judge  of  the  eoun 
^  whicl>  «aid  perBon  roBid..,  who  Bhall  officially  endorBe  the  Bame,  and  .ea  ,t  with 
ta  of  th  county,  and  who  Bhall  also  caUBe  a  full  and  fa.r  copy  of  the  Bam 
:"be  made  in  a  wei-bound  book  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose  and  called  the 
le^iBterof  liceuBed  practitionerB  of  medicine,  and  for  tluB  Berv.ce  ne  .hall  be 
U  tt.  to  a  fee  of  one  .lollar:  m.Ul.i,  that  said  Medical  AsBO0n.t>on,  nor  any 
boa^i  of  cenBorB  in  affiliation  with  it.  shall  be  allowed  to  charge  any  fee  for  any 
diploma  or  cortifloate  of  .lualitication  w!n,h  may  be  granted  by  it 

'  r.,  That  any  person  practicing  m-dicuu.  in  thiB  State  :n  violation  of  an, 
of  Z  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  guilty  of  a  mlsdenK.anor  and  upon  conv.c- 
ti^,n  tl  reof  before  any  oourt  having  competent  jurisdiction,  shall  ^''^A-d  '"  f'' 
Z  o  not  more  tha..  one  hundred  dollars  for  every  such  offense,  and  x  the  hn 
so TnlLd  be  not  immediately  paid,  said  person  shall  be  imprisoned  ,u  the  coun.j 
i,.il  for  not  more  than  one  year  for  eve, ;,  such  offense.  ,.         ,         ,; 

'       Tt      That  all   persons  who  shall  be  legally  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medi- 
.ine  in  any  county  of  this  State,  before  the  organization  of  the  board  of  med.cal 
nin  r   o    said  county,  all  persons  who  at  any  time  have  been  legal  y  engaged 
n  t"      raotice  of  medicine  in  this  State,  and  who  are  now  authorized  to  pra  t>c 
m.^  ci       h   tlus  State,  shall  be  enOtled  to  the  certilicate  of  the  board  of  medical 
e'u^ners!  and  to  be  inscribed  in  the  register  of  licensed   practitioners  of  medi- 
cine wiih.mt  examination  as  to  qualification.  „f  ,,.;» 
r  8      That  the  provisions  of  this  act  sUall   '  >ke  effect  in  any  oouuty  of  this 
State  whenever  tlJ  board  of  medical  ex    uiners  for  said  county  shall  hav.  been 
^In        .HH  hereinbefore  provided,  and   0-.  fact  of  such  organization  official, 
Z— Led  to  the  probate  judge  of  said       .nty  by  the  board  of  censors  of  the 

Mnilipnl  \s50ciatiim  of  this  State. 

T^rUai  none  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  apply  to  f-ales  v^^now 
or  ily  hereafter  be  engaged  in  the  practiceof  midwifery.  /V,..d,../,said  females 
practice  no  other  branch  or  department  of  medicine.  . 

'        i  1.)      That  all  laws  and  parts  of  laws  in  conflict  with  the   provisions  of  thi 
act  1^  Ind  1  same  are.  her.b,  repealed,  and  this  act  shall  be  in  force  from  and 

after  its  passage. 

Approved  February!*.  1877.  „    ,-      , 

Official  anthoritv  is  vostod  in  tho  Boar.!  of  Consors  of  tk.  Medical 
Association  of  th.  Atato  of  Ahtbama.  This  board,  elected  by  the  Asso^ 
ciatiou,  is  composed  of  ten  members,  and  controls  the  county  boards  of 
censors,  which  are  elect.nl  by  the  county  medical  socetien,  and  are 
composed  of  five  memliers. 

Jerome  Cochr.vn,  M.D.,  President  State  Board  of  Censors,  writes: 
'^The  peculiarity  of  our  system  is  that  the  diplomas  of    medical 
eulU-es  confer  no  right  to  practice  medicine  in  this  State.     Nothing 
doeslhat  except  the  ceititicate  of  one  of  ottr  examining  boards,  based 
upon,  actual  examination  of  the  applicant. 

"We  have  forty-three  county  boards  and  one  St  t.  Board.     The 
•        county  boards  exatnine  graduates  of  reputable  medir  d  colleges  only, 


-nfa<iii 


ALABAiMA. 


3 


ing  unj-  per- 
ij-  authorized 
i)f  the  county 
d  seul  it  with 
■  of  tbt)  Bama 
id  called  the 
)  he  shiill  be 
tion,  nor  any 
y  fee  for  any 

ilatiou  of  any 
upon  convic- 
)e  fined  in  the 
nd  if  the  fine 
,  in  the  county 

ctice  of  medi- 
ird  of  medical 
;,'ally  engaged 
;ed  to  practice 
ird  of  medical 
jners  of  inedi- 

couuty  of  this 
ihiiU  have  been 
nation  ofhcially 
cenFors  of  the 

males  who  now 
>(/,aaid  females 

ivisions  of  this 
force  from  and 


£  the  Medical 
I  by  the  Asso- 
nty  boards  of 
ities,  and   are 

iors,  writes: 
iH  of    medical 
ate.     Nothing 
boards,  based 

>  Board.     The 
colleges  only, 


diplomas,  however,  serving  only  as  a  means  for  getting  before  the  l)oard. 
The  State  Board  alone  examines  non-gi-aduates. 

"A  few  years  ago  wo  used  to  have  a  good  many  non  graduate  appli- 
cants, but  having  learned  that  our  e.xamination  means  something,  they 
have  almost  ceased  to  trouble  us. 

"The  examinations  are  always  partly  written,  and  the  comity  boards 
send  these  written  examination  papers  uj>  to  the  State  Board;  not  that 
the  Board  can  reverse  the  action  of  the  county  boards  in  any  case,  but 
if  wo  lind  them  doing  their  work  in  an  unsatisfactory  way,  we  do  not 
hesitate  to  cen.sure  them  and  to  ])ublish  tlie  censure;  and  if  any  county 
board  should  continue  refi-actory,  we  could  and  would  dissolve  such 
board. 

■■  Th<>  examination  of  graduates  by  our  coiuity  l)()ards  is  not  a  mere 
form.  During  the  last  year  they  reported  40  applicants  examined,  and 
six  of  this  number  rejt'cted.  But  even  .so,  five  of  tliem  were  censured 
for  lax  examinations. 

•' Our  State  Association  has  been  disci]>lined  into  the  cohesiven(*ss 
and  efticiency  of  a  regular  army.  \Mth  us  the  organized  medical  i)ro- 
fession  is  on  guard  in  every  county  to  ])revent  violations  of  the  law; 
while  at  the  same  tim(>  the  constant  supervision  of  tlie  State  Board 
holds  the  comity  boards  up  to  a  high  standard. 

'"All  persons  legally  engaged  in  tlu>  practice  of  medicine  in  Alabama 
at  the  time  of  the  ]iassage  of  this  act  are  contiinied  in  the  enjoyment  of 
that  right  under  certain  regulations. 

'■All. persons  ju'oposing  to  b(>gin  the  study  of  medicine  are  examintMl 
by  the  county  boards  of  censors  in  English  grammar  and  literature, 
general  and  United  States  history,  elt^nents  of  arithmetic,  geometry, 
inorganic  ch(>mistry  and  ))hysics." 

Under  date  Deceml)er  I'J,  1888,  Dk.  Cochran  adds  that,  since  it 
devolves  ui)on  the  examiners  to  determine  the  (piostion  of  the  standing 
of  the  colleges  whose  diplomas  are  presented  to  them,  and  since 
uniformity  in  this  respert  is  desiral)le,  the  ado])tion  of  the  Illinois 
schedr.l;-  will  b(>  recommended  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  State  Asso- 
ciation. 

Medical  Colleoe  of  Alabama. 

Mobile,  Ala.  (Pop.  29,132) 

Organized  in  LSoU.  The  college  was  closed  during  the  war  and 
re-opened  in  18()8.  There  were  no  graduates  during  the  years  1802- 
'3-'4-'5-'0 -'7  and  '8.  The  faculty  embraces  eight  pi'ofessors,  three 
adjunct  professors,  three  lecturers,  and  two  demonstrators. 

CoqiiHE  OF  Instuuction:  One  conr.se  of  five  months'  duration  annually. 
Course  extends  over  two  years.     O'-o-led  course  of  thren  years    recommended  but 


p      >- 


y  ^» 


4  MKDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 

not  required.  Lectures  eml.rncf.inatomj.  phyniology,  chemistry,  mnteria  medicn 
ami  jreiiernl  therupeuu  Mieory  and  pructice  of  medicine,  nurgery.  obBtetru-P  nnd 
diseftROS  of  women  an.  children,  phyi^ical  diaKnosis  and  diseases  of  the  chest, 
ophthulmoloKy  and  otology,  hintoloKy  and  microscopic  examination  of  rnne, 
hospital  and  out-door  clinics,  practical  anatomy,  one  course.     Weekly  <,uizzes  on 

anatomy  and  chemistry. 

HE(,uiuKMKNrs:  For  admissicm.  none.  For  uraduation;  (1 1  a^e,  twenty -one 
years,  (■>)  good  moral  character,  (IJ)  three  years'  study.  (4)  attendance  on  two  full 
courses  of  lectures,  (5)  pass  before  the  members  of  the  faculty  a  satisfactory 
examination,  (6)  a  thenis  on  some  medical  subject. 

Feks:  Matriculation.  iSo.OO.  Lectures,  including  hospital,  ^7r,.m.  Dissect 
ing,  ijtlO.OO.     (iraduntion,  f'-'fi.OO. 

SrunKNTs:  No  information  received  concerning  the  number  of  matriculates, 
except  the  session  of  1882  m.  when  there  were  47.  Number  of  Knulnutes.  session 
of  1877  78   18:  1878  7i».  18;  187!)  80.  20:  1880  HI,  22;   1881  82.  21;  1882  8X  l(i. 

Percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates,  session  of  1882  83.  thirty-four. 

Ukmarkh:  The  first  four  w.H'ks  of  the  locturc  course  are  devoted 
to  elementary  toiucs.  find  attendance  during'  this  ixTiod  is  not  compnl- 

Horv.  ^, 

Mkoicai.    Department  Southeun   Lmvkhsity. 

Greensboro,  Ahi. 

Oro-aiiized  in  1S72.     Extinct;  last  session  closeil  in  ISSO. 


AHIZONA. 

Popidation  40,440.     Ntiniber  .;f  physicians.  71.     Number  of  inhab- 
itants  to  each  ])hysician,  570. 
An   Act   to  Regulate  the  Practice    of    Minlicine  in    the    Tcn-itory    of 

Arizona. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Territory  of  Arizona: 

Section  1.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  i)erson  to  practice  medicine,  surgery 
or  obstetrics,  in  this  Territory,  unless  such  person  shall  have  obtained  a  diploma 
regularly  issued  by  a  medical  college  properly  and  lawfully  organized,  and  lu 
good  standing  at  the  time  of  the  issue  of  such  diploma,  or  unless  such  person  shall 
have  obtained  a  license  from  a  board  of  medical  examiners  legally  existing  at,  the 
time,  and  properly  <iualified  to  isbue  such  license  under  the  laws  of  the  State. 
TVrritory  or  country  where  such  board  of  examiners  then  existed.  Such  diploma 
or  license  must  state  that  such  pers..n  is  .[ualitted  in  the  branches  of  that  medical 
profession  naraod  in  said  diploma  or  license;  provided,  however,  that  a  diploma 
or  license  that  has  been  or  that  may  hereafter  be  granted  for  a  moneyed  consid- 
eration or  other  article  of  value  alone;  and  provided;  further,  that  no  diploma  or 
license  regularly  issued,  as  hereinbefore  stated,  and  which  has  been  revoked  or 
canceled  by  the  medical  college  from  which  it  was  issued,  or  by  the  act  of  the 
Legislature  of  any  State  or  Territory  within  which  the  same  was  granted,  shall 
not  be  considered  a  sufficient  qualiflcation  under  this  act. 

§  2.     Every  i)erson  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  surgery  or  oUt*tetrics. 
shall' register  in  the  county  recorder's  office  of  the  county  whe.  e  he  is  practicing 


AKI/.(  (NX-  ARKANSAS. 


iteriii  modicn 
(bstetricp  and 
of  the  ohent, 
ion  of    vrine, 

e,  Iweiitv-one 
ue  on  two  fnll 
R  sntisfiictory 


,(10. 


DiKseot 


iniitriculateB, 

limteK.  sespion 
18.S2  8;i.  16. 
•rty-four. 
arp  (l(*v()to(l 
not  compul- 


or  intontlB  to  practice,  in  a  boolt  t«  he  kopt  by  the  county  recorder,  liift  nain», 
residence  and  pi  \oe  of  birth,  together  with  a  tr' e  and  correct  copy  of  his  diploma 
or  lictmse,  as  recjuired  by  section  1  of  this  act.  The  person  «■>  regirtterinK  shall 
8nl>scribe  and  verify  by  oath  or  atlirmation,  before  a  person  dnly  qualified  to 
aduiinirtter  oaths,  that  the  copy  so  re^^istored  is  a  true  and  correct  co|)y  of  the 
original  diploma  or  license  in  his  possession,  and  that  he  is  the  identical  person 
named  in  the  oriiriiial  dii-'oma  or  "cense.  ,ind  that  he  has  attended  at  least  one 
full  course  of  ^^ctures  in  thi  medical  coUe^re  from  which  such  dii>lonia  or  license 
was  i.ssued,  which  affldavii  n  to  be  reduced  to  writing,  and  annexed  to  the  copy 
required  to  be  registered  under  the  provisions  of  this  act.  The  county  recorder  is 
to  receive  a  fee  of  five  dollars  for  each  and  every  registration  under  this  act,  to  be 
paid  by  the  person  so  registering. 

§  ;{.  .\ny  person  who  has  been  in  continuous  practice  of  medicine,  surgery 
or  obstetrics  in  this  Territory  for  live  years  previous  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  is 
hereby  authorized  to  pursue  the  same  without  compliance  with  the  above  sections. 

^  4.  The  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  apply  to  persons  who  shall  prescribe 
for  the  sick,  or  practice  obstetrics  in  any  town,  village  or  settlement  in  which 
there  is  no  regularly  educated  and  licensed  physician  practicing. 

6?  5.  Any  person  violating  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not 
less  than  fifty  nor  more  than  one  thousand  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the 
county  jail  not  exceeding  six  months,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

!^  t;.  *  *  *  *  Ml  acts  in  conliict  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  are 
hereby  repealed. 

^  7.     This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  un  and  after  May  1.  1H81. 


)pr  (if  inhab- 
T<fiTitorv    ot 

.Arizona: 
sdicine.  surgery 
ined  a  dijiloma 
anized.  and  in 
ch  person  shall 

existing  at  the 

8  of  the  State. 

Such  diploma 

)f  that   medical 

that  a  diploma 
loneyed  coiisid- 

no  diploma  or 
eeu  revoked  or 
y  the  act  of  the 
s  granted,  shall 

ry  or  obj^tetrics. 
he  is  jiracticiug 


.\RKANS.\S. 

Populjitioii    SO^.r/i,").     Nniiilx-r  of    pliysiriaiis,    LSI*:!.       Number  of 
iiihal)itants  to  pach  i)hysician,  l:H. 
An  Act  to  rpgulate  the  Practico  of  Mpdieinc  and  Stir^^eiy  in  tliP  Stiite 

of  Arkansas. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Arkansas: 

Hb<!tion  1.  That  hereafter  no  person  shall  practice  medicine  or  surgery,  or 
medicine  and  surgery,  as  a  profession,  in  this  State,  without  first  being  registered 
as  a  physician  or  surgeon,  in  the  ottlce  of  the  clerk  of  the  county  court  of  some 
county  in  this  State. 

t?  2.  Each  county  clerk  in  this  State  shall  keep  in  his  office  a  well-bound 
book,  in  which  he  shall  register  the  names  of  all  such  persons  as  shall  be  lawfully 
<iualitied,  as  hereinafter  provided,  and  who  shall  api)ly  for  registration  as  physi- 
cians and  surgeons,  or  physicians  or  surgeon.s,  with  the  date  of  such  registration. 

§  3.  That  hereafter  any  person  who  may  wish  to  practice  as  physician  and 
surgeon,  or  either,  in  this  State,  shall  be  allowed  to  register  as  such,  who  shall  file 
with  the  clerk  of  the  county  court  of  any  county  in  this  State  a  certificate  of  iiua'i- 
fication  signed  by  a  majority  of  the  county  board  of  medical  examiners  of  the 
county  in  which  he  or  she  offers  to  register:  Prmuded,  That  no  person  shall  be 
allowed  to  register  as  physician  or  surgeon  until  he  or  she  sh-.ll  have  attained  the 
age  of   twenty-one  |21)  years;     I'rovidi'd  fin-Hiei;   That   any   person   living  in  a 


—"         N- 


A  y  T*  ' 


ft 


MKDICAI,  LAWS  AM)  INSTI 11  TIONK. 


• 


oounty  in  which  tiu  Ix^ird  if  oiyiinized,  iiiiiy  uppl.v  to  a  Ixxtrd  of  '<(>nie  ot'it-r 
county,  or  to  the  Stat''  Bonrd. 

i^  4.  'rimt  imiiKHiiately  after  the  (lassnge  nf  tliiH  art.  the  oounty  jndm'  of 
each  county  in  thin  State  sliall  appoint  for  hi«  county  a  hoard  of  medical  ;  xani- 
inerH,  conKiHtin^f  of  three  pernon»,  wlio  nhall  he  citizeuH  of  wiicli  county  and  learned 
in  the  Hciences  of  medicine  and  sur^jery,  of  j^ood  moral  character,  and  Jidy  re^'is- 
tered  under  this  act,  who  shall  hold  their  olVices  until  the  first  term  of  such  county 
court,  in  the  year  IHH2.  at  which  time,  and  every  four  years  thereafter,  said  l.onrd 
shall  n^ain  he  tilled  by  appointment  as  ahovc  provided;  and  shoidd  a  viiciincy 
occur  in  said  board  at  any  time,  the  aame  shall  t)e  filled  by  appointment  made  l>y 
the  county  jiid^e. 

S  r>.  That  the  members  of  said  board  shall,  before  entering  upon  the 
discharf^e  of  their  duties,  lake  the  odiciul  oath  prescribed  by  the  constitution  of 
this  State,  That  at  the  first  meet in;^' of  the  members  of  such  board,  after  ihey 
shall  have  been  appointed,  preparatory  to  the  transaction  of  the  business  assi^'iied 
them  under  this  act,  they  shall  organize  by  electing;  one  of  their  nicmbi  r-  as 
president  and  another  as  secretary.  Tiie  regular  meetinjjs  of  such  board  shall  be 
held  (juarterly.  at  the  court  house  of  the  proper  county,  on  the  first  Mondays  in 
■fanuary,  April,  July  and  October  in  each  year,  and  when  so  assembled,  said  board 
shall  faithfully  and  impartially  examine  all  such  persons  as  shall  appear  l)eFore 
them  for  such  jiurpose.  touching  their  qualifications  to  practice  medicine  and 
surgery,  or  either;  and  all  such  persons  as  shall  satisfy  such  board  of  examiners,  or 
a  majority  of  them,  thai  lie  or  she  is  twenty-one  (21")  years  of  age,  of  good  moral 
character,  and  duly  qualified,  in  knowledge  and  capacity,  to  practice  medicine  and 
surgery,  or  either,  shall  receive  from  such  board  a  certificate  of  qualiiicatioi:  as 
physician  anil  surgeon,  or  either  physician  or  surgeon,  as  the  case  may  be:  whicii 
certificate  shall  entitle  such  pers  )n  to  registration  under  the  provisions  of  sections 
two  (2)  and  three  (8)  of  this  act:  I'lovidcd  iilwiij/s,  That  such  physician  or 
surgeon  shall  be  registered  in  the  same  county  in  which  he  or  she  was  examined, 
except  as  provided  in  section  ten  (lOl  of  this  act:  /';•<>r|■</('(^  That  any  person 
desiring  to  be  examined  at  any  other  than  the  time  of  the  regular  quarterly 
meeting,  shall  notify  the  president  of  the  board  of  such  desire,  whose  duty  it  shiill 
be  to  assemble  the  board  as  soon  as  practicable,  and  examine  such  applicant. 

§  0.  That  the  county  clerk  shall  give  to  every  jierson  registered  under  this 
act  a  certificate  of  registration,  over  his  signature  and  oliicial  seal,  and  such 
certificate  shall  authorize  any  such  person  to  practice  as  a  physician  or  surgeon, 
or  both,  as  the  case  may  be,  in  any  county  in  this  State.  That  the  clerk  slia'l 
receive,  as  his  fee  for  all  services  reiiuired  of  him  under  this  act,  in  each  case. -the 
sum  of  one  and  a  half  dollars  (.^1.50. ) 

t?  7.  Any  two  member?  of  said  Board  shall  constitute  a  ((uorum  for  the  trans- 
action of  all  busini'Rs,  and  each  applicant  for  examination  shall  pay.  in  advance, 
to  the  Secretary,  to  be  divided  equally  among  the  members  of  such  board,  the  sum 
of  six  (6)  dollars,  which  shall  be  their  only  compensation. 

§  8.  Be  it  further  enacted.  That  all  physicians  and  surgeons,  who  have  been 
continuously  engaged  in  a  reputable  practice  in  this  State  for  a  period  of  five  (.1) 
years  next  before  the  passage  of  this  act.  shall  not  be  required  to  undergo  the 
examination  herein  provided  for.  but  shall,  upon  satisfactory  proof,  before  the 
county  clerk,  of  such  continuous  practice,  and  the  payment  of  the  fee  allowed  that 
offlcer.be  duly  recognized.  Females,  who  ae  now,  or  may  hereafter,  engage  in 
the  exclusive  practice  of  midwifery,  are  exempted  from  the  provieionB  of  this  act. 


AHKAN8AS. 


Monie  ot'uT 

edicikl  ;«!im- 
iT  and  leiinied 
J  July  rej,'i«- 
siioh  count)" 
r,  $*iiid  l>oiird 
Id  a  vnt'Huey 
ent  mndf  by 

ttK  npoii  the 
institution  of 
rd.  after  '.liey 
nesn  flSBitrned 

ninmbt  rs  an 
loard  shall  be 

Mondays  in 
d.  said  board 
ppear  >)tfore 
medicine  and 
examiners,  or 
if  t;ood  mill  III 
medicine  and 
laliflcatioi:  a» 
nay  be:  wlii<'h 
•ns  of  sections 

l>hyBicinti  or 
*'ns  examined, 
it  any  perscm 
liar  quarterly 
e  duty  it  sliall 
pplicant. 
•ed  under  this 
leal.  and  sueh 
m  or  Bur^'eon. 
he  clerk  shall 

each  case. -the 

1  for  the  trans- 
ly.  in  advance, 
board,  the  sum 

who  have  been 
riod  of  live  i  .'>  I 
x>  nnderjj;o  the 
)of.  before  the 
ee  allowed  that 
fter.  engage  in 
ons  of  this  act. 


>^  9.  That  any  peroon  who  shall  predcribe  or  administer  medicine  for.  or  who 
nhnll  in  any  manner  treat  diseases  or  wounds  for  pay.  shall  be  dfH-metl  physicians 
and  Burgeons  u.  ler  this  act. 

%  10.  That  immediately  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  Oovfcrnor  slialJ 
appoint  a  State  FJoard  r)f  Medical  Examiners,  consisting  of  five  mumbecs,  learned 
in  the  sciences  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and  of  good  moral  character,  and  duly 
registered,  who  shall  organize  in  the  manner  prescribed  for  county  boards  by  thiR 
act.  and  shall  hold  their  meetings  at  such  times  and  i>laces  as  the  President  may 
direct,  for  the  purpose  of  the  re-examination  of  any  person,  at  his  or  her  re(|iiest. 
who  has  been  refused  registration  by  any  county  hoard;  and  if,  upon  such  re-exam- 
ination, such  person  shall  be  found  iiualihed  to  [.ractice  medicine  or  surgery,  said 
State  Board  shall  grant  to  him  or  her  a  certiHcate  accordingly,  which  certitie.ile 
shall  entitle  the  person  so  receiving  it  to  be  registered  as  provided  in  this  act.  in 
any  county  in  this  State.  Such  applicant  shall  pay  the  State  Board  a  fee  of  live 
dollars:  Proviih'd.  That  no  person  desiring  to  practice  medicine  under  this  act 
shall  be  excluded  therefrom  on  account  of  any  particular  system  or  school  of 
medicine  that  he  may  desire  to  practice. 

§  11.  Any  person  who  shall  hereafter  engage  in  the  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery,  or  either,  in  this  State,  without  being  registered  under  this  act,  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction,  in  any  courfhaving  juris- 
diction under  the  laws  of  this  State,  shall  be  fined  in  any  sum  not  less  than  ten  nor 
more  than  one  hundred  dollars.  And  each  day  said  physician  shall  jiractice  medi- 
cine, without  being  registered,  as  hereinbefore  required,  sliall  be  deemed  a  sejiarate 

offense, 

§  12.  That  this  act  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage,  for 
the  purpose  of  the  appointment  and  organization  of  the  boards  herein  provided 
for;  but  no  physician  or  surgeon  shall  be  in  violation  of  this  act  if  he  or  she  shall 
comply  with  the  provisions  thereof  at  or  before  the  regular  meeting  of  the  county 
board,  in  July  of  the  year  ^  '^Sl. 

Approved  March  i),  1881. 

J.  A.  DiBKEi.L,  Jr.,  M.D..  Little  Kock,  Secri'tiiry  State  Bcuird  of 
Health,  writes: 

"In  1881  an  act  to  regnlate  the  practice  of  medicine  was  passed  by 
the  Legislature.  It  was  thought  if  the  act  was  made  i  ion -retroactive, 
that  we  could  in  the  futm-e  secure  the  passage  of  a  better  act  and  with 
more  strict  requirements.  The  act,  therefore,  as  it  now  exists,  was 
regarded  by  its  fi-iends  only  as  a  basis  foi-  future  legislation,  fuid  that 
after  the  status  of  non-graduates  was  established  by  law,  there  would 
be  but  little  opposition  to  the  passage  of  a  iww  and  better  act.  \  bill 
of  this  kind  passed  the  Senate  but  failed  in  the  House  this  year.  It 
provided  that  all  practitioners  sliould  be  graduates  of  repittable  medical 

colleges. 

"  In  my  judgment  this  is  the  only  correct  standard,  and  a  compe- 
tent board  should  also  be  appointed  to  pass  upon  the  diplomas  and 
determine  whether  or  not  they  are  from  reputable  schools. 

"  The  present  act,  imperfect  as  it  is,  has  doubtless  deterred  many 


^  f 


H  MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INHTITUTIONH. 

from  i)rncticiug  luedicino,  but  I  know  of  luaiiy  iiiHtancoH  whom  it  hiis 
b«on  oviKlod  by  apiilicantH,  who,  haviufi;  bt-on  rojoctcnl  by  their  county 
board,  iiirttoad  of  appiuvliuf?  to  the  Stato  Board,  an  providod  by  hiw,  for 
ro-oxamiuatiou,  would  travel  around  from  one  county  to  another  until 
thoy  finally  Hecured  the  neceHsary  certificate.         * 

"  Another  very  j^reat  defect  w  that  tlio  county  boards  are  appointotl 
by  the  county  judges,  who  are  not  always  competent  to  judge  wliether 
or  not  a  physician  is  '  learned  in  the  sciences  of  medicine  and  surgery,' 
and  hence  these  boards  are,  in  vt>ry  many  instances— I  cannot  toll  how 
many  ■  made  up  of  the  very  kind  of  men  the  law  would  exclude  from 
practice." 

Medical  Dki'autment,  Aukanhas  Industiual  University. 
Little  Rock,  Ark.    (Pop.  1:5,1:58.) 
Organized  in  187U.     First  class  gi-aduated  in   18S0.     Classes  have 
graduated  each  subsocjuent  year.    The  faculty  embraces  eight  professors, 
one  (h'monijtrator  and  seven  lecturers. 

OouusE  1)1-  lN.sTBncTi()N:  Ouo  gruduutint^  term  of  five  mouths'  duriition 
iinnuiilly.  A  three  yenrs'  griided  course  is  recommended,  br.t  not  required. 
Leotuies  embnico  practice  of  medicine,  institutes  and  practice  of  surgery,  obntet- 
rios,  dineases  of  women  luid  children,  general,  descriptive  and  surgical  anatomy, 
materia  medica,  therapeutics,  hygiene,  botany,  institutes  of  medicine,  clinical 
surgery,  dermatology,  medical  chemistry,  toxicology,  ophthalmology,  otology, 
genito-urinary  diseases,  jiliysical  diagnosis,  oral  surgery. 

Rkiji'ibemknts:  For  admission,  none.  For  graduation:  (1)  age,  twenty-one 
years;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  attendance  on  two  full 
courses  of  lectures;  (5)  satisfactory  examination;  ((!)  thesis  on  some  medical  sub- 
ject, or  report  of  clinic, 

FtiEs:  Matriculation  (paid  once  only,)  |5.0().  Annual  fee,  $50.00.  Demon- 
strator, 15.00.     Hospital.  $5.00.     Graduation.  $25.00. 

Students  :  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Per  cent. 

1879-80  22  1  4.6 

1880  81  82  10  31+ 

1881  82  86  6  1*— 
1882-83                                 32                                   4  12.5 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  four  years, 

»«ien<t'<'N. 


CALIFORNIA. 

Population,  864,694.  Number  of  physicians,  1,851.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  467.  The  last  Official  Register  (for  the 
year  1883)  gives  the  total  number  of  licensed  physicians  as  1,895;  ot 


OALIFotlNIA. 


9 


oro  it  hiiH 
oir  county 
ly  liiw,  for 
itlipr  until 

appointed 

0  whether 

1  Hur<^ory,' 
t  toll  how 
^Indo  from 

Y. 

asHes  have 
profosHors, 

a'  duriition 
t  recxuired. 
;ery,  ob.stet- 
il  nuatoiny, 
ine,  clinical 
t;y,  otology, 

,  twenty-one 
B  on  two  full 
medical  sub- 

30.  Demon- 
ion  reported, 

r  ceat. 
4.6 

su- 
it— 

12.5 

t  four  years. 


Number  of 
iter  (for  the 
B  1,895;  ot 


wliich  tho  rojjular  hoard  lictniHed   1,440,  the  eclectic  board,  2fWJ,  and 

tho  howKBupathic  board  ISU. 

An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Htate  of  Cnlifornla. 

[The  following  sections  of  two  acts  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine     the 
origiiii''  act,  approved  April  it,  IH76;  the  act  of  amendment,  approved  April  1,  1878 
are  hiM  in  force.  | 

[Hkotion  1 — Amendatory  Act,]  Every  person  in  this  Stat(<  practicing  medi- 
cine or  rturgery  in  any  of  its  de|)artmentH,  shall  possess  the  (iiiiilitications  recpiired 
hy  this  act.  Evury  such  person  s'lall  present  his  diploma  to  one  of  the  hoards  of 
examiners  here  n  named,  together  with  the  affidavit  mentioned  in  this  act.  If  the 
board  shall  find  all  the  facts  reijuired  to  be  stated  in  said  afllduvit  to  be  true,  the 
board  of  examiners  shall  issue  its  certiticate  to  that  effect,  si^fiied  by  all  the  mem- 
bers thereof,  and  sealed  with  the  seal  of  the  board,  and  such  certificate  shall  bo 
conclusive  as  to  the  rights  of  the  person  named  therein,  to  practice  medicine  and 
surgoiy  in  any  part  of  this  State. 

|§  J — Amemlalnnj  Art.]  The  Medical  .Society  of  the  Htate  of  ("allfornin,  the 
Kclectic  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  California,  and  the  (/'alifornia  State 
HoiiKJoopathio  Medical  Society,  corj)orations  organized  and  existing  under  and  by 
virtue  of  the  laws  of  this  State,  and  no  other  corporation,  society,  personB  or  per- 
son, shall  ap[>oint  Hiumally  a  board  of  examiners,  consisting  of  seven  inenibei  ,, 
who  shall  hold  their  office  for  one  year,  and  until  their  successors  shall  l)e  chosen. 
The  examiners  so  appointed  shall  go  l)efore  a  district  or  county  judge  and  make  oath 
that  they  are  regular  graduates,  and  that  they  will  faithfully  perforin  the  duties  of 
their  office.  Vacancies  occurring  in  a  board  of  examiners  shall  be  filled  by  the 
society  appointing  if,  by  the  selection  of  alternates  or  otlierwise.  The  boards  of 
examiners  now  organized  or  existing  under  and  by  virtue  of  their  appointmefits  by 
the  a  resaid  societies,  shall  continue  to  act  as  such  boards  until  their  successors 
are  appointed  at  the  next  annual  election. 

I  §  ;$  -On'(/imi/  Act.]  The  board  of  examiners  shall  organize  within  three 
months  after  the  passage  of  this  act.  They  shall  i)rocure  a  seal,  and  shall  receive, 
through  their  secretary,  applications  for  certificates  and  examinations.  The  presi- 
dent of  each  board  shall  have  authority  to  administer  oaths,  and  »he  board  take 
testimony  in  all  meetings  relating  to  their  duties.  They  shall  issue  certificates  to 
all  who  furnish  satisfactory  proof  of  having  received  diplomas  or  licenses  from 
legally  chartered  medical  institutions  in  good  standing.  They  shall  prepare  two 
forms  of  certificates,  one  for  persons  in  possession  of  diplomas  or  licenses,  the 
other  for  candidates  examined  by  the  board.  They  shall  furnish  to  the  county 
clerks  of  the  several  counties  a  list  of  all  persons  receiving  certificates.  In  .select- 
ing places  to  hold  their  meetings,  they  shall,  as  far  as  reasonable,  accommodate 
applicants  residing  in  different  sections  of  the  State,  and  du'e  notice  shall  be 
published  of  all  their  meetings.  Certificates  shall  be  signed  by  all  the  members  of 
the  board  granting  them,  and  shall  indicate  the  medical  society  to  which  the 
examining  board  is  attached. 

1§  3 — Amendatory  Act.]  Said  board  of  examiners  shall  examine  diplomas  as 
to  their  genuineness,  and  if  the  diploma  shall  be  found  genuine  as  represented,  the 
secretary  of  the  board  of  examiners  shall  receive  a  fee  of  five  dollars  from  each 
graduate  or  licentiate,  and  no  further  charge  shall  be  made  to  the  applicant;  but  if 
it  be  found  to  be  fraudulent,  or  not  lawfully  owned  by  the  possessor,  the  board 
shall  be  entitled  to  charge  and  collect  twenty  dollars  of   the  api)licant  presenting 


> — <  —  ■ 


10 


MKDK'AI,  I-ANVS  AND  INHTnUiluNH. 


Huch   ilij.loniii.      Itif   iii.|.liPiiiit    r.lmll    ,i<-com|..iu>    liin   (liploma   wilt'    »"    aUlil.ivit 
«t«tiiiK  that  111'  ix  the  lawful  lumneHHor  of  the  hhiiu'; that  lu'  i>*  lli*-  I'tTHim  tli<rcin 
imnu'cl;  that  the  ili|.loma  wan  (.rorunil  in  tiic  rcK"iar  courM-of  mcdicul  iuHtruclioii, 
uml  witl.oul  fraiul  «v  ii.iHWi.ivHriilali.m  ..f  any  kiiul;  and  liiat  tlu'  iiuaHcul  iliHtitu- 
tion  Krautiiij,'  the  diploma  had,  at   tlif  tiuif  ..f  thf  Ki-anliin,'  tlu'  xMUi:  a  full  c.rpx 
of  medical  ii.rttructo.s,  and  wan,  at  the  naiil  tiu.c,  a  IcKalli'  i-u'..rpoial.d  lUMitutiou, 
lu-tuallj'  and  in  >,'<»)it  f'"ll.  fUKaRcd  in  tli.-  l>UHine««  of  int-diwl  education,  and   in 
^mod  Htandini;  a<  a  nu'.lieal  institution,  and  that  the  a|.|.lic-ant  had  complied  with 
idl  the  requii-ementu  of  naid  inntitulion.     Such  allldavit   may  he  taken  before  any 
perBon  nuthori/ed  to  aUmiliittter  oatim,  and  the  i*amu  shall  he   attested  unde-  the 
hand  and  ofUcial  seal  of  such  ot11rcr,if  \w  ■<:    e  ii  neul.     In  addition  to  such  allldavit, 
the  l.oar.l  of  examiiuTS  may  hear  such  further  twtiinony  as  in  their  dif-cretion  they 
may  deem  proper  to  hear  as  to  th.'  verillcation  of  any  such  diploma,  or  as  to  the 
identity  of  the    person   named  tliereiu,  or  as  to  the  mann.'r   in   which    any   such 
diplouui  was  procured.     And  if  it  should  appear  from  such  testimony  that  any  fad 
stated  in  said  atUdavit  is  untrue;  the  ai-plication  of  such  person  for  a  certiticate 
shall  be  rejectei,,     N.nie  of  said  boards  shall  entertain  an  application  which  has 
been   .ejected  by  another  of  said   boards,  uor  shall  any   rejected  application   be 
renewed  until  at  least  one  year  after  the  action  of  the  l)oard  rejecting  the  same. 

I  §  4     A,n<-n<l<,l,>r!i  Avt.  |     The  boards  of  examiners  must  refuse  certificates  to 
individuals   Kuilty   of   unprofessiomd   conduct.     Hut  before  any  such  refusal,  the 
applicant  must  be  cited,  by  a  citation  signed  by  the  secretary  of  the  board  and 
sealed  with  its  seal,  to  appear  before  the  board  at  a  tiuu  i-nd  place  certi.in  for  the 
purpose  of    being  heard  as  to  such  unprofessional  conduct.     Said  citation  sliall 
notify  the  applicant   of  the  time  and   place  where  and  when  the  matter  of   said 
nnprofessional  conduct   shall  be  heard,  the  particular  unprofessional  conduct  with 
which  the  applicant  is  charged,  and  the  applicant  sh.  U  then  and  there  appear  in 
person,  and  attended  with  such  witnesses  to  testify  on  his  behalf  as  he  may  desire, 
or  default  will  be  taken  against  him.  and  his  i.i.plicaticm  for  a  certificate  refused. 
The  attendance  of  witness.s  at  such  hearing  shall  be  compelled  by  subpenas  issued 
by  the  secretary  of  the  board  under  its  seal:  and  said  secretary  shall  in  no  case 
refuse  to  issue  any  such  subpena  on  a  fee  of  llfty  cents  being  paid  him   for  each 
subpena.     Sai'd  citations   and  said   subpenas    shall   be  served  in  accordance  with 
existing  provisions  of  law  as  to  the  service  of  citations  and  subpenas  generally.     At 
such  hearing  witnesses  shall  t)e  examined  on  the  part  of  the  board  and  on  the  part 
of  the  applicant  as  to  the  fact  of  the  applicant  having  been  guilty  of  the  conduct 
set  out  in  the  citation;  and  either  side  may  examine  medical  experts  as  to  whether 
such  conduct  is  unprofessional;  and  if  it  appears  to  the  salisfaction  of  the  board 
that  the  applicant  is  guilty  of  said  unprofessional  conduct,  no  certificate  shall  be 
issued  to  him.     But  no  application  shall   be  refused   on  the  ground  of  un|.r»fes. 
sional  conduct,  unless  the  applicant  has  l>een  guilty  of  unprofessional  conduct 
within  one  year  next  preceding  his  application.     If   any  holder  of  n  certificate  be 
guilty  of  unprofessional  conduct,  his   certificate  must  be  revoked  by  the   board 
granting  it;  but  no  such  revocation  shall  be  valid  without  said  holder  being  cited  to 
appear,  and  the  same  proceedings  be  had  as  is  hereinabove  provided  in  this  section, 
in  case  of   refusal  to  grant  a  certiticate.     Whentwer  a  certiftcait  ir   revoked,  the 
secretary  of  the  board  revoking  the  same  shall  -certify,  under  the  seal  of  the  board, 
U,  the  county  clerk  oV  the  county  in  which  the  person  whose  certificate  has  been 
revoked  is  at  the  time  of  said  revocation  practicing  his  profession,  and  said  clerk 
'       shall  thereupon  write  on  the  margin  or  across  the  face  of  his  register  of  the  cerfih- 


<1\MF<»RNIA. 


11 


(iTi    iillidiivit 
THOii   llicrcili 
1  iiiKtnictioii, 
iliciil  iiiHlitu- 
.  It  f\ill  corps 
il  iiiHtitiitiiin, 
iitioii,  Miut  ill 
(>iii|ili('(l  with 
n  Ix'fort'  any 
led  uii(U'>  lilt' 
(<ucli  iitlUliivit, 
ipcH'tii'ii  tlify 
,  or  us  to  the 
ich    liny   ciicli 
tlifit  liny  fiit't 
r  a  c'lTlilicuti" 
ion  which  hiift 
[ipliciitioii   lie 
^  til'-  winii'. 
certificates  to 
■\\  refusal,  the 
:lii'  lioaiil  iinil 
Tcrti.in  for  tho 
citation  shall 
natter  of  said 
,1  conduct  with 
lere  ajipear  in 
he  may  desire, 
iflcate  refused, 
[ibpenas  issued 
liill  ill  11"  ease 
1  him   for  each 
ccordance  with 
j^enerally.     At 
uid  on  the  part 
of  the  conduct 
5  as  to  whetiier 
in  of  the  lioard 
tificnte  shall  he 
d  of  nnprofes- 
"sional  conduct 
a  certificate  lie 
1  by   tlie   hoard 
r  beinfZ  cited  to 
I  ii:  this  section, 
ir   revoked,  the 
al  of  the  board, 
ificate  has  been 
,  and  said  clerk 
er  of  the  certiti- 


caf«  i;'  Hnch  person  the  fact  of  such  rtvoenlioii.  -iKliinvf  his  iiMine  thereto.  lUld  shall 
tile  in  hiH  (,f'l<-e  -aid  certitli'ate  of  revocation.  Kach  of  said  boards  may.  from  time 
to  time,  adopt  sneh  rules  as  may  be  necessary  to  the  orderly  coiidiii't  of  all 
the  prooeedin^fs  taken  and  had  before  it.  It  shall  be  the  duly  of  the  secretaries  of 
the  respective  boards  to  notify  the  secretaries  of  nil  <ilher  boards  provided  for 
under  (his  act,  of  all  applieimis  (o  whom  licenses  may  have  been  refuseil,  tojiethtr 
with  the  reasons  of  such  refusal  by  -'iicli  boards. 

1  Jj  1(»  Oritliiinl  Arf.  |  in  all  casi  s  of  refusal  or  revocation  of  a  cerlilicatt .  the 
a|iplicaiit  may  appeal  to  th(>  body  Hppointini;  the  board. 

|§  !)     Aiiir,i<l<iloi)l  Arl.]     Should  either  of  the  saiil   boiirds  isMie  a  certiticale 

to  any  person  whose  ap|       ation  for  a  t^-rtiticate  has  bi'en   previously  lejeeted  by 

MuT  of  tho  said*  boa ri'     "illiin  one  year  after  the  i ejection  of  said  application. 

tiiPii,  in  such  case,  the  certilic  ite  issued  as  aforesaid  to  said  rejected  applicant  "^liall 

b(>  null  .uid  void  and  of  'lo  elTect. 

1 4^  8  .imenilntiiiu  Act.  Any  person  assuming  to  act  as  a  meiiil  er  of  a  bo.trd 
of  examiners,  under  this  act,  or  under  the  act  to  which  this  act  is  suppleiueiilal 
and  ameudiitory,  and  wlio  nhall  si^ii  or  subscribe,  or  i»siiu  or  cause  to  be  issued,  or 
seal  or  cause  to  be  sealed,  a  certificate  iiuthori/.iiiK  any  person  to  practice  medicine 
or  sur^^ery  in  this  State,  except  the  person  so  aetin;.;  ,ind  doinj;  be  apliointed  by 
one  of  the  societies  mentioned  in  section  two  of  this  act.  or  be  authorized  so  lo  ilo 
by  tt  board  of  examiners  a[ip<iinted  by  one  of  the  societies  mentioned  in  section 
two  of  this  iiut,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  luisdeineanor,  and  shall  be  punished  by 
a  line  of  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  (ijir.Oi.or  by  imprisonmenl  in  the  county  jail  for 
a  peri<id  of  not  less  than  thirty  days  nor  more  than  three  luiiulretl  and  sixt\-live 
days,  or  by  both  such  tine  and  imprisonment. 

§  5-  [  (Mijiwtl  Act.  I  All  examinations  of  persons  not  t'/adiiates  oi'  licenti:.t<  s 
shall  be  made  directly  by  the  board,  and  the  certtticates  (,'ive..  by  the  boards  shall 
authorize  the  possessor  to  practice  medicine  ami  surj^ery  in  the  State  of  California: 
but  no  examination  into  the  (lualilications  of  persons  not  holding  diplomas  or 
licenseB  shall  be  made  after  the  thirty-Hrst  day  of  December,  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-six.  After  that  date  no  certificates  shall  be  ijranted  by  them,  excepi  to 
persons  presenting  diplomas  or  licenses  from  lef^ally-chartired  medical  iiistifulions 
in  ffood  standing,' 

55  S~  [Oriiihial  Act.]  (Candidates  tor  examination  shall  pay  a  fee  of  five 
dollars,  in  advance,  which  shall  be  returned  to  them  if  a  certificate  be  refused.  The 
fees  received  by  the  board  shall  be  pait.  into  the  treasury  of  the  medical  society  by 
which  the  lioard  shall  have  been  ajip  .ited,  and  thi'  expenses  and  eompensatioTi  of 
the  board  shall  be  subject  to  arrangement  with  the  society. 

[§  3 — Oriijinal  Act.  |  Kxaminations  may  be  in  whole  or  in  part  in  writiii}.', 
and  shall  be  of  an  elementary  aftd  practical  character,  but  sutticieiitly  strict  to  tt  ■^t 
the  (inalifications  of  a  candidate  as  a  practitioner. 

|§  (i  -  Original  Act.\  Every  person  holding  a  certificate  from  a  lioard  of 
examiners  shall  have  it  recorded  in  the  otUce  of  the  clerk  of  the  county  in  which  he 
resides,  and  the  record  shall  be  endorsed  thereon.  Any  person  removing  to 
another  county  to  practice,  shall  procure  an  indorsement  to  that  cfTect  on  the  cer- 
tificute  from  the  coimty  clerk,  and  shall  record  the  certificate,  in  like  manner,  in 
the  county  to  which  he  removes,  and  the  holder  of  the  certificate  shall  pay  to  the 
county  clerk  the  usual  fees  for  making  the  record. 

f  §  7 — Oriijindl  Act.  |  The  county  clerk  shall  keep,  in  a  book  provided  for  the 
purpose,  a  complete  list  of  the  certificates  recorded  by  him,  with  the  date  of  the 


V     « 


12 


MKDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


w.ue  and  tl.e  ua.ne  of  the  uiodicul  society  represented  l.y  the  l.o.ud  of  exmniuers 
is8uiu«  th«m.  If  the  certificate  be  based  on  a  diploma  or  license,  lu  shall  record 
the  name  of  the  medical  institution  couferriu„'  it,  and  the  date  when  conferred. 
The  reirister  of  the  county  clerk  shall  be  open  to  public  inspection  durniK  buf  aiess 
hours. 

.  IS  .r,  -  Unen.lator,/  Arl.\  Any  pea-son  sliall  be  rewarded  as  practicing  medi- 
cine within  the  meaning  of  this  act  who  shall  prof.'ss  publicly  to  be  a  phys.cnm  or 
who  shall  habitually  prescribe  for  the  sick,  or  who  shall  append  to  his  name  the 
letters  "  M.D."  But  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  construed  to  prohibit 
gratuitoas  services  in  case  of  emergency.  And  this  act  and  the  act  to  which  this 
act  is  supplemental  and  amendatory  shall  not  apply  to  lawfully  commissioned 
surgeons  of  the  United  States  army  an.l  navy  practicing  their  profession  within  the 
limits  of  this  State. 

1^7  Am.-ndulur;  .IW.|  Any  P'^i^ou  practicing  medicine  or  surgery  in  this 
State,' without  first  having  procured  a  certificate  to  so  practice  from  one  of  the 
boards  of  examiners  appointed  by  one  of  the  societies  mentioned  in  section  two  of 
this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  -hall  be  subject  to  the  pen- 
alties provided  in  section  thirteen  of  the  act  to  which  this  act  is  amendatory  and 
sui.plemental;  but  no  person  who  holds  a  certificate  from  one  of  such  boards  of 
examiners,  or  who  holds  a  certificate  heretofore  granted  by  the  board  of  examiners 
heretofore  existing  by  virtue  of  appointment  by  the  California  State  Medical 
Society  of  Hom.i>opathic  Practiti.mers,  shall  be  compelled  to  procure  a  new  certih^ 
cate-  and  all  powers  and  privileges  of  said  boards  of  examiners  under  the  act  to 
which  this  act  is  supplemental  and  amendatory,  are  hereby  transferred  to  the 
boards  of  examiners  created  t)y  this  act. 

|§  12  Orhjuntl  Avt.  %  C,-A„„-H,latoru  Act.\  Any  itinerant  vender  who 
shall  sell  or  offer  for  sale  any  drug,  nostrum,  ointment,  or  appliance  of  any  kind 
inl-nded  for  the  treatment  of  disease  or  injury:  or  any  person  who  shall,  by 
writing  or  printing,  or  by  any  other  method,  pablicly  profess  to  cure  or  treat 
disease,  injury  or  deformity  by  any  medicine,  drug  or  drugs,  nostrum,  manipula- 
tion, or  other  expedient,  shall  pay  a  license  of  one  hundred  dollars  a  month.  Such 
license  shall  be  collected  n.^  other  licenses  are. 

Is;  18  .f>//-,iu«/  Avl.\  Any  person  practicing  medicine  or  surgery  iu  tins 
State.'without  complying  with  the  provisions  of  tins  act,  shall  be  punished  by  a 
fine  of  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  ^*;.5<)).  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  ($500), 
or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  thirty  days  nor. 
more  than  three  hu:-dred  and  sixty-five  days,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprison- 
ment, for  each  and  every  offense;  and  any  person  filing  or  attempting  to  file,  as 
his  own,  the  diploma  or  certificate  of  another,  or  a.forged  affidavit  of  identification 
shall  be  guilty  of  a  felony,  tmd,  upon  conviction,  shall  be  subject  to  such  fane  and 
in.prlsomnent  as  are  made  and  ,.rovided  by  the  statutes  of  this  State  for  the  crime 

I  Action  11  of  the  origin;.!  act  permitted  students  to  "prescribe  under  the 
supervision  of  preceptors;"  but  tins  permission  is  rescinded  by  the  amendatory 
act.  1 

]>r.  F.  W.  Hatch,  Siicrtunpnto,  Secrptiiry  Culifornia  Sttite  Board  of 

HtHvlf.b,  writes; 

••Our  medical  law  does  not  ^we  entire  satisfaction.        * 


■  exiimmers 
rthall  record 
I  conferred, 
iiff  liufiness 

lioing  modi- 
)liyfiiciuii  or 
is  name  the 
to  prohibit 
r)  wliich  this 
uniuissioned 
n  within  the 

gery  in  this 
I  one  of  the 
ction  two  of 
t  to  the  pen- 
jndatorj-  and 
3h  boards  of 
of  examiners 
U\U'  Medical 
a  new  certiti- 
ler  tlie  act  to 
'erred  to  the 

vender  who 
of  any  kind 
fho  aliall,  by 
cure  or  treat 
m,  manipula- 
month.     Such 

irgery  in  th.is 
lunislied  by  a 
[olhirs  ($500), 
iiirty  days  nor* 
and  imprison- 
ing to  file,  as 
ideutiflcation, 
such  iine  and 
!  for  the  crime 

•ibe  under  the 
le  amendatory 

ite  Board  of 


CALIFORNIA. 


18 


and  efforts  have  been  made  during,'  the  last  two  sesHious  of  the  legi^la- 
tiire  to  have  it  aj^ain  amended.  *  *  *  ^t  jiresent  there 
are  three  State  Medical  Soc'iotit>«,  regular,  homceopathir  and  eelectic, 
each  having  an  examining  lx)ard,  and  each  ecpially  recogniztnl  under 
the  Jaw.  It  is  known  that  many  have  been  thus  licensed  who  are 
totally  and  notoriously  unqualilied  to  pract.ic(>  medicine. 

"The  present  law  has  served  .some  good  purpose  in  San  Francisct), 
where  several  convictions  have  been  had.  Its  constitutionality  has 
been  tried  an*'     llrmed  in  the  Supreme  CJourt." 

CdOl'KJt    MeIUCAI,    CoI,I,E(iK. 

San  Francisco,  (.:al.     (Pop.   2:{;{,Ur)<.». ) 

Organiz(Hl  in  18")'.)  as  ihe  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
the  Pacific.  Ceased  to  exist  in  1804,  but  was  revived  in  1870,  muhT 
the  same  name.  In  1873  it  became  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University  College  of  San  Francisco,  and  was  given  the  specific  desig- 
nation of  the  Medical  College  of  the  Pacific.  In  1882  the  institution 
received  its  present  name. — The  first  class  was  graduated  in  18B(i.  No 
classes  were  graduated  in  the  years  '05,  "0(5,  "07,  "08,  or  "09.  A  class 
graduated  in  1870  and  each  subsequent  year.  Faculty  embraces  twelve 
chairs,  two  adjuncts  and  a  demonstrator  of  anatomy.  One  intermediate 
(recitation)  course  and  one  regular  (graduating)  course  annually. 

CoiiBBE  OF  Instiutc'tion :  (iriided,  comprising  three  reguhir  courses  of  lectures 
of  twenty  weeks  each,  beginning  June  1  and  closing  November  1. — First  year: 
The  student  directs  his  attention  mainly  to  descriptive  anatonsy  with  dissections, 
physiology,  chemistry,  microscopy,  histology  and  surgery,  upon  which  subjects  an 
examination  is  held  at  the  close  of  the  course.  He  is.  lunvever  ex[)ected  to  atti  nd 
to  all  didatic  lectures. — Second  year:  To  the  studies  above  enumerated  are  added 
materia  inedica  and  therapeutics,  theory  and  practice  of  medicintj.  ot)stetrics, 
gynecology,  ophthalmology,  otology  and  pathology,  with  clinics  on  various 
branches.  At  the  close  of  tliis  year  fhial  examinations  are  had  m  descrijitive 
anatomy,  physiology  and  chemistry.  Third  year:  Surgical  anatomy,  surgery, 
materia  medica,  therapeutics,  theory  r.nd  practice  of  medicine,  obstetncs,  gyne- 
cology, ophthalmology,  otology.  microscoi)y,  histology  and  [lathology.  Clinics.- - 
Final  examination  on  all  subjects  in  the  tliird  year.- -Examination  both  oral  and 
written.  Instruction  is  given,  during  tlie  intermediate  course,  in  hygiene  and 
medical  jurisprudence. 

HEytiiKEMENTs:  For  admission,  evidence  of  at  least  a  fair  English  education, 
or  a  matriculation  examination.  For  graduation:  (1)  good  moral  character;  (2) 
twenty-one  years  of  age;  (ii)  three  regular  courses  of  lectures;  (41  two  courses  of 
clinical  instruction;  (fi)  one  course  of  practical  anatomy,  dissecting  Ihe  entire 
■■ubject;  (6)  satisfactory  thesis;  (7)  successful  passing  of  all  examinations. 

Feeh:  Matriculation.  :?.'■>:  lectures  (three  courses).  If2(!0;  demonstrator.  $1(1; 
graduation.  iJlO. 


—       >- 


14 


MKDIC.VI-  I'VWS  AND  INSTirUTIONS. 


I 


8vm.BNTM:  Number  of  ..mtrioulatf.  ...ul  of  Kraduafs  at  .-a.'!,  .es.ioi,  reported, 
auJ  !>.'rc."nta«es  of  jjraduntcs  to  matriculates 


S«»<r<ion. 
1S77  7H 
1,h7S  Til 
187'.>  HO 
ISHO  HI 
1881  82 
18H'_  SS 


Matriculate:' 

Gr) 

r.8 

42 

6!« 
67 

88 


(iraduates 

26 

15 

7 

9 
12 
li> 


Per  cent. 
40 
26  - 
17 

IH- 

18 
22.it 


Avera«^-   l-ercnla-e   of  uraduafs  to  nu.lrieulate.  during  the  six  year.,  1888 
incl'isive,  tiviiitji-iln 

Graduates  in  Illinois.  1. 

KKMUtKs-  ••  Whilo  tho  a-luptioa  of  u  thm.  ywirs'  course  is  a  diivct 
nociuiurv  aisa,lva.ita-o  to  tho  colleso.  it  is,  t.evortholoss,  a  gi-oat  satis- 
Ltiott  t"o  l,avo  acc.o.uplish..a  this  r.sttlt,  as  it  has  bocm  the  consta.t 
desire  of  th.>  faculty  t.,  raise  the  standard  of  medical  edtication,  and 
to  ^rrad.iate  (•ai)al)le.  rather  than  many,  students." 

Umvkksitv  ok  Camvohma  mvu'.u.  CoLLKOK  (Tol,v,ri  M,-dical  College). 

Sail  Francisco,  Cal. 

Or.nu.i/edin  iHW  as  the  Tola.iO    .il.-lical  Colle^'e.     Became  ctm- 
nocted"with  the  University  of  Cahfon.ia  in    ISTl     In    187r,,  instittit.ed 
a  three  years'  covirse  and  graded  sttid.ies.     The  facilty  embnicos  eleve.t 
professors,  one  lecturer  and  one  demonstrat<.r. 

CorusK.  or  iNHTuroTioN:     Tlu.  session  of  1SH4  begins  Felnuar,  1,  and  clo.es 
(»...nl,^-  •!!      The  course  is   -r:,ded    and  i'Xteniis  over  three  years.     Students  are 
L^c^id'tJ  attend  clinics  regularly.     Examinations  are  h -d  dail^  and  at  the  l.eKin- 
IZr  of  each  se-sion,  to  detern.ine  the  progress  of  the  student,  lus  advance  nen 
deiKMuUngot,  the  result  of  such  exannnation.     These  exan.inations  an^u.t  tmal 
ueiitniuu^  -1  ...     -.  !•    ■'        ...1,;,.,.*.,   ,^f    *hB   (Iitmb   x-piitb' 

a.  tlu-  exa.nination  for   graduation   mcUutes  aa  u.e  ...1.^.....  .^t   .''^   -"-;-." 

course  Studies:  First  year-Descriptive  anaton.y,  general  chenHslrj,,>hjMoloKy 
,UKl  uKderia  n.edica .  Second  year  -Theory  and  practic  ■  of  medicn.e  theory  and 
practice  of  surgery,  principles  of  ol.s.etrics,  general  and  .ur,.cal  anatomy,  med- 
LTand  phvsici  ci,enustry,  ,.hysiolo«y  of  the  nervous  system  and  reproduction, 
tit  ".eutic's  and  pathoh-Ky  Third  year  -Clinical  n.edicme.  clnucal  surgery, 
I^Mrics,  diseases  of  won.en,  diseases  of  children.  dis..ases  ot  eye  and  ear,  medi- 
cal jurisprudence,  hygiene  and  mental  diseases. 

R.W.'.uK.MKNTs:  For  admission,  none.-^For  graduation:  (1)  tweiityone  years 
of  a.e  ,2,  .'ood  moral  character,  (H)  three  full  years'  .tudy,  (.4)  three  regular 
cour:e;  of  lectures,  ,5)  successful  passage  on  all  subjects  l.y  written  and  oral 
examination,  (6)   practical  anatomy  during  two  sessions;  (7)  thesis. 

Fkeh:  Matriculation,  ifr.;  demonstrator,  $10;  first  and  second  course  of 
lecturer,  fimt  each;  third  course,  free;  graduation,  !f40. 


Kn  reported, 

ir  cent. 
40 
26 
IV 

15+ 
18 
22.9 


yt'iirs. 


IHHS 


is  u  dirt'ct 
rioiit  satis 
le  conHtaiit 
catii)ii,  and 


al  College). 


t'came  con- 

'),  iiistitutod 
races  olevcu 

1.  Hud  closes 

Students  are 
1  III  the  hi'triu- 

iidvuiu'enu'iit 
I  lire  iu>t  fiual, 
e  thre?  Y*?ur«* 
vy,  ])lij  siolotjy 
ue,  theory  and 
iitttoiuy,  niedi- 

reproduetion, 
nie.iil  surgery, 
md  ear,  niedi- 


enty-one  years 

three  reguhir 

•itten  and  oral 


md    course   of 


CAlilFOKNIA. 


15 


SvuDHNTs:     Niiniherof  iniitiiculiites  and  of  i;raduiites  at  each  session  reported, 
and  pei-centaxef.  of  trraduates  to  inatricuhites 


Session. 

Matricii 

lates. 

(liailiiMtes. 

I'lr  eent 

187S 

— 

11 

— 

1S7!» 

— 

1» 

— 

IMKO 

- 

11 

— 

IHHl 

(!1 

16 

2G+ 

IHHl' 

".!» 

Ifi 

-.'-,4- 

IHH.t 

<i:i 

11 

17.4 

Averaife  pereentii^e  of  -{laduiiles  to  iiiiitr' 
Iwiity-lliri'i'. 


es,  duriii;;  Ihc  Inst    tlireo  years, 


Nuinlier  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  1. 

Rb:m/V.kks:  Ii\  KSSa,  a  luiitricnlatioii  examination  will  l)o  roqnired 
of  those  not  college  graduates  or  matriculates,  in  the  following  subjects: 
English  granunar.  arithmt-tic,  geography,  elenientarv  clumiistry.  In 
ISSt),  and  every  year  thereafter,  this  examination  \vill  also  embrace 
algi'L'ra,  physics  and  botany. 

CAr.ii-iuiNiA  Mkdicai.  Collkoe  (Kclectie). 
Oakland,  Cal.     (I'op.  :U,r)r)r). ) 

Organized  in  bSTi).  The  tirst  class  was  graduated  in  IS80.  -  The 
faculty  ejubraces  ten  professors,  one  adjunct  professor,  and  a  demon- 
strator. 

CouBSK  OF  Inhtruotion:  One  intermediate  of  twelve  weeks'  duration,  and  one 
regular  course  of  six  months'  duration.  Clinics  at  hospital  and  dispensary.  Three 
years'  graded  course  recommended  hut  not  reipiired.  Lectures  embrace  i)riuciples 
and  i)rjicticeof  medicine,  obstetrics,  surgery,  anatomy,  surgical  anatomy,  physiology, 
materia  uiedica,  cliemistry,  clinical  and  operative  surgery,  clinical  medicine,  therti- 
pentics,  pathology,  gynecology,  medical  jurisprudence,  clinical  midwifery.,  diseases 
of  children,  clinical  diseases  of  v.Mmen.  clinical  disea.ses  of  children,  mental 
diseases,  hygiene,  ophthalmok)gy.  otology,  clinical  diseases  of  the  (<ye  and  ear,  toxi- 
cology, physical  diagnosis,  laryngoscopy,  diseases  of  the  heart  and  lungs,  and 
nervous  diseases. 

UE(iiiiKEMEM's:  For  admission.  (1)  certilicate  of  good  moral  standing;  (2) 
dii)loma  from  a  high  school,  college  or  university;  (3)  or,  not  having  a  diploma, 
must  "  undergo  a  thorough  examination  in  the  branches  of  a  good  English  educa- 
tion, including  mathematics, composition  and  elementary  natural  phih)sopliy."  -For 
graduation:  (1)  twenty -one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (;!)  "such 
education  as  shall  give  him  jiroper  standing  with  the  public  and  profession;"  (4) 
three  regular  courses  or  two  intermediate  and  two  regular  courses;  (,'i)  j»ractical 
anatomy  at  least  two  sessions;  ((5)  "satisfactoi'y  examination  upon  the  essential 
))oiut8  in  the  general  practice  of  medicine;'"  (7)  thesis. 

Fkbh;     Matriculation,  !?r>;  lectures.  $120:  ilemonstrator,  *1();  graduation,  |I80. 


16 


MEDICAT-  LAWS  AND  INKTITUTK  )NS. 


Stiujknth:  Number  of  mRtriculnt«i«  and  of  KraUuHtcH  at  each  heMHioii  reiiorU'd. 
and  percentagi'H  of  KrHdiiiitet)  to  matriculates— 

SeBHiim.  Miitricnlatis  (iraduates.  I'er  cent. 

Ih7!>  S(l  48  !•'$  -'^+ 

im)H\  31  11  '^'''■^' 

1881  82  25  10  ""• 

1882  8;{  :!-'  11  •*''•'' 

Averaj/e  piMTcntajre  of  Knuluatcs  to  inatricnlates.  ^/ii/''!/-'/i'r<'. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  duriiij.;  tlie  past  year.  1. 

Rfmarkm:  Du.  D.  Maclean  writes:  "We  pndeavor  to  conform 
with  your  rpqtiiromonts  and  exywt  to  raitst^  tlio  stanaanl.  Ow  half  of 
our  gradnatos  tak(»  th(>  throc-tonn  conrsp,  and  wo  ...vpecf  iu  a  year  or 

two  to  ro(iuire  thri'c  twins  of  all."' 

• 

rAXAI>A. 

Manitoba.  Provinc*-  of. 

Popnlution  (censns   of   ISSl).   (;r).U54.      NnmlHjr  of  phynicians.  (55. 
Nmnbor  of  inhabitants  to  each  physician,  1,140. 
The  Manitoba  Medioai,  Act. 

VVuEKKAS.  It  is  expedient  to  make  provisions  in  respect  of  inedieal  (.raeti- 
tionerrt  in  this  Province;  therefore, 

SroTioN  1  The  foliowii.K  persons,  and  no  others,  that  is  to  say,  all  persons 
beinu  at  the  time  of  the  passin-  of  this  aet  in  actual  practice  of  the  profeBsion  of 
medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery  in  this  province,  and  beiuK  duly  registered 
..ccordiiifi  to  law.  shall  constitute  the  medical  profession  of  the  Province  of  Mani- 

"'  k  2  The  medical  profession  of  Manitoba  is  hereby  incorporated  under  the 
name  aiid  style  .)f  -The  CoUeKe  of  Physicians  and  SurK<Mms  of  Manitoba,"  and 
the  said  ColleKe  of  Physicians  shall  be  deemed  to  be  and  to  have  been,  from  the 
third  day  of  May,  1871.  a  body  politic  and  corporate;  and  every  person  who  may 
be  registered  hereafter  under  the  provisions  hereof,  shall  be  a  member  of  the  col- 
We  and  the  said  corporation  shall,  by  said  name,  have  perpetual  succession  and  a 
common  seal,  with  power  to  change,  alter,  break,  or  make  new  the  same;  and  by 
the  name  aforesaid,  may  sue  and  be  sued,  implead  and  be  impleaded,  answer  and 
be  answered  unto,  in  all  courts  and  places  whatsoever,  and  may  have.  hold,  receive, 
enjoy  possess,  and  retain  for  the  purposes  of  said  corporation  all  such  sums  ot 
money  as  may  at  any  time  be  given  or  be.pieathed  to  and  for  the  use  of  the  same. 
and  by  the  said  name  purchase,  take,  hold  and  enjoy  any  real  estate,  or  any  estate 
or  interest  derived  or  arising  out  of  real  estate,  for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  and  for 
no  other  purpose;  and  m-.y  sell,  grant,  lease  or  otherwise  dispose  of  the  same;  but 
the  real  estate  so  held  by  the  said  corporation  shall  at  no  time  exceed  m  annual 
value  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars. 

S  -i      The  affairs  of  said  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  shall  be  man- 
aged by' a  medical  board,  under  the  name  of  "The  Medical  Board  of  Manitoba." 

§  4      The  Medical  Board  of  Manitoba  shall  be  composed  as  follows:     <»f  one 
member  to  be  chosen   from  every  college  or  body  in  th^  Province,  which  may  be 


iMaMM 


CANADA     MANITOBA. 


17 


iHHioii  reported, 

INt  emit. 
27-|- 

40. 
:?4.4 


r   to   conforiii 

Oru>  half  of 

t  in  a  vt^ai"  or 


hvHiciaiis.  (^5. 


iiietiiciil   (iriicti- 

>  siiy,  ull  iiersous 

lit'  [iroft'Buioii  of 

duly    inf^iMtered 

roviiice  of  Mani- 

jrated  under  the 
MaiiitoliH,"  and 
e  been,  from  the 
person  wlio  may 
■mber  of  the  col- 
succession  and  11 
w  Hiune;  and  by 
aded,  answer  and 
ive,  hold,  receive, 
all  such  sums  of 
use  of  the  same. 
\te,  or  any  estate 
jforesaid.  and  for 
of  the  same;  but 
exceed  in  annual 

ns  shall  be  man- 
I  of  Manitoba." 
follows:     (tf  on«« 
ice,  which  may  be 


hereafter  authorized  to  establish  a  medical  faculty  in  connection  therewith,  and 
which  may  be  affiliated  with  any  university  in  the  Province,  or  in  any  Province  of 
the  Dominion  of  Canada,  and  of  five  members  to  be  elected  by  the  duly  registered 
members  of  the  profession. 

8  r>.  The  members  of  such  medical  board  shall  bo  elected,  or  af.pointed,  as 
the  case  may  be,  for  the  period  of  five  years;  but  any  member  may  resign  hift 
appointment  at  any  time  by  letter  addressed  to  the  [.resident  or  registrar  of  the 
board;  and  u\nm  the  death  or  resignation  of  any  member  of  the  boarij,  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  registrar,  forthwith,  to  notify  the  college,  or  body  wherein  such 
vacancy  may  occur,  of  such  death  or  resignation;  and  such  lollege,  or  body,  shall 
have  power  to  nominate  another  fjualifted  i>erHon  to  till  such  vacancy;  and  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  the  board,  during  such  vacancy,  to  exercise  the  powers  hereafter 
mentioned. 

§  0.  Every  election  for  the  five  members  to  represent  the  duly  licensed  and 
registered  practitioners  shall  take  place  on  the  second  Tuesday  (jf  June,  in  the  city 
of  Winnipeg,  for  and  until  the  full  end  and  term  of  five  years,  and  until  their  suc- 
cessors are  appointed;  and  the  first  election  shall  take  place  on  the  second  Tuesday 
of  June.  1877. 

§  7.  The  newly -elected  members  of  the  medical  board,  as  well  as  the  members 
of  the  board  to  be  hereafter  elected,  shall,  together  with  the  members  to  be 
appointed  by  the  several  colleges  and  bodies,  as  mentioned  in  -<  cfion  lijit.  hold 
their  meetings  at  such  time  and  place  as  may  be  fixed  by  by-law  or  resolution  of 
the  board. 

8  8.  All  members  of  the  board  shall  be  practitioners,  duly  registered  accord- 
ing to  law. 

§  9.  The  persons  entitled  to  vote  at  any  election  shall  be  all  duly -registered 
practitioners. 

§  10.  The  medical  board  shall  meet  and  organize  on  the  next  day  after  their 
election,  by  appointing  from  amongst  their  members,  a  president,  a  vico-prosident. 
and  a  registrar,  and  such  other  otticers  from  amongst  the  duly -licensed  practitioner!? 
as  may  from  time  to  time  be  necessary  for  the  work  of  the  corporation,  who  shall 
hold  office  during  the  pleasure  of  the  board;  and  the  said  board  shall  have  power 
to  fix  by  by-law  or  resolution,  Trom  time  to  time,  the  salaries  or  fees  to  be  paid  to 
any  of  such  officers,  and  to  Jhe  committee  of  examiners  hereinafter  appointed. 

§  11.  The  medical  board  may  from  time  to  time  submit  to  a  general  meetinnf 
of  the  duly-licensed  practitioners  convened  for  that  purpose,  a  tariff  of  professional 
fees;  and  upon  such  tariflf  of  fees  receiving  the  approval  of  a  majority  of  such 
meeting,  the  same  shall  be  held  to  be  prima  facie  a  "scale  of  reasonable  charges." 
§  12.  The  board  shall  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion  may  require,  make 
orders,  regulations  or  by-laws  for  regulating  the  registers  to  l)e  kei)t,  under  the 
provisions  hereof,  and  the  fees  to  be  paid  for  registration,  and  shall  from  time  to 
time  make  rules  and  regulations  for  the  guidance  of  the  committee  of  examiners 
and  may  prescribe  the  subjects  and  mode  of  examinations,  the  time  and  place  of 
holding  the  same,  and  generally  make  all  such  rules  and  regulations  in  respect  of 
such  examinations,  or  other  matters  not  contrary  to  law,  as  they  may  deem  expe- 
dient and  necessary. 

§  13.  At  the  first  regular  meeting  of  the  medical  board,  such  board  may 
make  by-laws  and  regulations  respecting  the  mode  and  manner  in  which  elections 
shall  be  conducted  thereafter  not  contrary  to  law;  and  the  said  board  may,  as  soon 
after  as  practicable,  and  at  the  annual  meeting  in  each  year  thereafter,  select  and 
appoint  a  committee  of  examiners,  whose  duty  it  shall  be.  at  least  onoe  in  each 
2 


^g  MEDICAL  L.VWH  AND  INSTITUTIONH. 

vear  to  examine  all  candidates  for  re^l.tnUion,  in  accordance  with  law  and  with 
Z:l"  re^uhUion.  in  that  l.ehalf ;  nuch  hy-law«,  ruloB  and  reKulat.ouH  to  be 
aubmitt.  approval  of  the  lioutenant-Kov«rnor  in  counoU. 

^  14  conunittee  of   examinern  appointed  under  the  preceding  ..ect.on 

Hhall  be  connoted  a.  foHow.:  One  .neniber  for  each  of  the  school,  of  medxcme  m 
h>ovhI   which  „.ay  be  hereafter  organized  in  connection  with  -y;--rs.ty 
o    clnrrwhiol'  iH  empowered  by  h>w  to  grant  n.edical  or  surgical  diplomas,  and 
or  college  ^^^  ,„,„,i..r..  to  be  cho«en  from  mnong  the  members  of 

:.:^::;  y;;;;:c;:ns  of  Mamtoba  w..  are  unconneo..  .^.  ...  o.  t^  abo.e 

teaching  bodies, 

S  15      The  medical  board  shall  cause  to  be  kei-t  by  the  registrar  a  book  or 

'  ■   o    the  book  or  register  aforesaid,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  quahfaed  and 

by  any  duly  registered  practitioner  in  Manitoba. 

\xO      It  shall  bo  the   duty  ..f    the  registrar  to   keep  his   register  correct  lU 
accordance  with  the  provisions  hereof,  and  the  rules,  orders  and  regulations  of  the 

medical  board. 

^  17  Every  person  who  possesses  any  medical  degree  or  diploma  m  any 
uuiveri  ;  -u  cJlege  which  is  empowered  by  law  to  gran,  medical  or  surgica 
Ze  "  ii  eby  such  person  is  authorized  to  practice  physic,  surgery  or  midwifery 
ft  n  o  ir  najestyl  aouiinions.  such  person  shall  on  payment  of  a  fee  to  be 
t^l^d  by  .  Iw  o  the  board,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  be  entitled  to  be  registered 
b  e  nl To  the  registrar  the  document  conferring  or  evidencing  the  <iuallfica. 
:r  :  of  T.  :^i^o^on.,  m  respect  whereof  he  seeks  to  be  so  registere    : 

Zvi  ed   twever,     hat    no    one,   already    registered   according   to   law,  m   tin 
Tovt^e'.  s^ll  be  liable  to  pay  any  fee  for  being  registered  under  the  provisions 

herein  contained.  . 

(4  18      Every  person  desirous  of  being  registered  under  the  provision  herein 
contained  and  whi  shall  not  have  become  possessed  of  any  of  the  qualihcatioas 

coli  tee  of  examiners  that  he  has  complied  with  the  rules  and  regulations  made 

b7  h     nedllTlu^  and  on  payment  of  such  fees  as  the  medical  '--d  may  by 

ta   bv  law  establish  such  person  shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered,  and  in  virtue 

STulir^gi^rraCt  practice  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery  in  the  Province 

"'  t  """'sach  member  of  the  college  shall  pay  to  the  registrar,  or  to  any  person 
deputed  by  the  registrar  to  receive  it,  a  fee  of  live  dollars  a  year  or  such  annual 
te  as  may  be  determined  by  by-law  of  the  board,  not  less  than  wo  dollars 
towardsThe  general  expenses  of  the  college;  which  said  annual  fee  shall  be  payable 
on  the  V"   day  of  January  in  any  year  the  same  may  be  imposed;  and  such  fee 


(CANADA     MANITOBA. 


\U 


J  law,  and  with 
gulationn  to  be 

joediuK  'leotion 
of  medicine  in 
1  ar.jr  university 
1  diplomas,  and 
the  members  of 
ay  (s£  the  aboTC 

strar  a  book  or 
tered  according 
1  have  passed  a 
ulntions  in  that 
ill  hereafter  be 
)e  qualified  and 
ice  of  Manitoba, 
1  be  prima  facie 
red  according  to 
ect  to  inspection 

gister  correct  in 
agulations  of  the 

diploma  in  any 
dical  or  surgical 
rery  or  midwifery 
Lit  of  a  fee  to  be 
d  to  be  registered 
!iug  the  <iuiilifica- 

be  so  registered : 
T  to  law,  in  tliis 
ler  the  provisions 

provisions  herein 
the  qualifications 
ititled  to  registra- 
:ill  for  the  efficient 
jrein  provided  for; 
satisfaction  of  the 
I  regulations  made 
ical  board  may  by 
tered,  and  in  virtue 
iry  in  the  Province 

ir,  or  to  any  person 
Bar,  or  such  annual 
I  than  two  dollars, 
fee  shall  be  payable 
osed;  and  such  fe« 


shall  l.e  deemed  to  be  n  debt  due  by  the  member  to  the  uollege.  and  recoverable, 
with  costs  of  suit,  in  the  name  of  the  corporation. 

S)  20.  Any  person  oliligated  to  l)e  registered  according  to  law,  but  who  shall 
neglect  or  omit  to  be  registered,  shall  not  be  entitled  to  any  of  the  rights  and 
privileges  conferred  by  registration,  so  long  as  such  neglect  or  omission  continues; 
and  he  shall  be  liable  to  all  the  penalties  imposed  by  law  against  unqualified  or 
unregistered  practitioners. 

§  21.  If  the  registrar  make  or  cause  to  be  made  any  willful  falsification  iu 
any  mutter  relating  to  the  register,  he  sliall  incur  a  penalty  of  fifty  dollars,  and 
shall  be  disqualified  from  again  holding  that  position. 

§  22.  Every  person  registered,  who  may  have  obtained  any  higher  degree,  or 
any  qualification  other  than  the  .jualification  in  respect  of  wliioh  he  may  have  been 
registered,  shall  be  entitled  to  have  such  higiier  degree  or  additional  qualification 
inserted  in  the  register  in  substitution  for,  or  in  addition  to,  the  qualification 
previously  registered,  on  payment  of  such  fee  a--  the  board  may  appoint. 

§  2:1.  No  qualification  shall  be  entered  on  the  register,  either  on  the  first 
registration  or  by  way  of  addition  to  u  registered  name,  unless  the  registrar  be 
satisfied  by  proper  evidence  that  the  person  claiming  is  entitled  to  it;  and  any 
appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  registrar  may  be  decided  by  the  medical  board; 
and  any  entry  which  shall  be  proved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  board  to  have  been 
fraudulently  or  incorrectly  made,  may  be  erased  from  the  register  by  an  order  in 
writing  from  the  board;  provided,  always,  that  in  the  event  of  the  registrar  being 
dissatisfied  with  the  evidence  by  the  person  claiming  to  be  registered,  he  shall  have 
the  power,  subject  to  an  appeal  to  the  board,  of  refusing  the  said  registration, 
until  the  person  claiming  to  be  registered  shall  have  furnished  such  evidence,  duly 
attested  by  oath  or  affirmation,  before  any  judge  of  the  court  of  queen's  bench. 

§  24.  Every  person  who  shall  be  duly  registered  shall  be  entitled,  according 
to  his  qualification  or  (jualifications,  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  or 
any  of  them,  as  the  case  may  be,  in  the  Province  of  Manitoba,  and  to  demand  and 
recover  in  any  court  of  law,  with  full  costs  of  suit,  "reasonable  charges"  for 
professional  aid,  advice  and  visits,  and  the  costs  of  any  medicine  or  other  medical 
or  surgical  appliances  rendered  or  sui)plied  by  him  to  his  patients. 

§  25.  The  medical  l>oard  shall  have  power  and  authority  to  appoint  an 
examiner  or  examiners  for  the  admission  of  all  students  to  matriculation  or 
preliminary  examination,  and  to  make  l)y-laws  and  regulations,  not  contrary  to 
this  or  any  other  act,  for  determining  the  admission  enrollment  of  students;  and 
it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  board,  from  time  to  time,  as  it  may  be  deemed  expedient, 
to  enact  by-laws  as  to  the  terms  upon  which  it  will  receive  the  matriculation  and 
other  certificates  of  colleges  and  other  institutions  not  in  the  Province  of  Mani- 
toba; provided,  however,  that  any  graduate  or  any  student  having  matriculated  in 
any  university  in  her  majesty's  dominions,  shall  not  be  required  to  pass  the 
preliminary  examination. 

§  26.  The  medical  board  shall  have  power  and  authority  to  fix  and  determine, 
from  time  to  time,  the  curriculum  of  studies  to  be  pursued  by  the  students,  and 
such  curriculum  of  studies  shall  be  observed  and  taught. 

§  27.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  recover  any  charge  in  any  court  of  law 
for  any  medical  or  surgical  advice,  or  for  attendance,  or  for  the  performance  of 
any  operation,  or  for  any  medicine  which  he  shall  have  prescribed  or  supplied, 
unless  he  is  registered  in  pursuance  of  the  provisions  hereof;  nor  can  he  receive' 
any  public  appointn^ent  as  physician  and  surgeon;  provided,  however,  that  this 


20 


MEDICAI,  LAWS  AND   INKTJTUTIONS. 


nection  Htmll  not  extend  to  the  Fitle  of  ;iny  dniK  or  medicine  tiy  any  dnly  licenced 
ohemiRt  or  dniKKiRt. 

§  '28.  (I.  It  hIuiII  not  be  Inwfnl  for  any  person  not  registered  to  practice 
phyttic,  Hur(d[ery,  or  midwifery  in  the  Province  of  MiinitoliH,  for  hire,  j^ain  or 
hope  of  reward;  and  if  any  person  not  rej^istered  fliall  for  hire,  gain  or  l;ope  of 
reward,  practice  or  [irofexw  to  practice  phywic.  nursery  or  midwifery,  or  advertise 
to  ^ive  advice  in  pliysic,  surj^ery  or  midwifery  in  the  Province  of  Mnnitolia.  he 
sliall.  upon  u  suunnary  conviction  thereof,  liefore  any  justice  of  tlie  peace  of  the 
county  wlierein  the  offense  is  committed,  for  any  and  every  such  offense,  pay  a 
penalty  not  exceeding  one  luindred  dolhirs.  nor  less  thini  twmty-tive  dollars. 

/).  Any  person  wlu>  shall  willfnlly  or  falsely  pretend  to  lie  a  physician,  doct<ir 
of  medicine,  surgeon  or  general  practitioner,  or  shall  assume  a  title,  addition  or 
^''scription  other  than  he  actually  possesses  and  is  legally  entitled  to.  shall  be 
liable,  on  coiv>\ii<{'i  .■?  ^b^reof.  before  any  justice  of  the  peace  having  jurisdiction 
where  the  offence  is  committed,  \\,  ,\  yi  ti  ?'*i-  not  exceeding  fifty  dollars. 

e.  Any  person  not  registered  who  shall  take  or  use  ;,i^-  :  >:'v.  title,  addition  or 
description  iniyilying  or  calculated  to  lead  peo|>le  to  infer  that  he  is  regisVwt'Jl;  <^.' 
that  he  is  recognized  by  law  as  a  physician,  surgeon,  accoucheur,  or  a  licentiate  in 
medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  shall  be  liable,  upon  a  summary  conviction  tliereof 
before  any  such  justice  of  the  |)eace  as  aforesaid,  to  pay  any  penalty  not  exceed- 
ing one  hundred  dollars,  nor  less  than  twenty-five  dollars. 

d.  In  any  such  prosecution  and  trial,  the  burden  and  proof  as  to  registratiou 
Bhnll  be  upon  the  person  charged. 

e.  All  prosecutions  under  the  provisions  hereof  may  be  brought  and  heard 
before  any  justice  of  the  peace  having  jurisdiction  where  any  such  offence  has 
been  committed;  and  such  justice  of  the  peace  shall  have  power  to  award  pay- 
ment of  costs  in  addition  to  the  penalty;  and  in  case  tlu-  penalty  and  co/its 
awarded  by  Isini  or  them  be  not  upon  conviction  forthwith  paid,  to  commit  the 
offender  to  the  comm<m  gaol,  there  to  be  imprisoned  for  any  term  not  exceeding 
one  month,  unless  the  penalty  and  costs  be  sooner  paid. 

/.  Any  person  convicted  as  aforesaid  who  shall  give  notice  of  appeal  against 
the  decision  of  the  convicting  justice  shall  be  recpiired.  before  being  released 
from  custody,  to  give  to  said  justice  satisfactory  security  for  the  amount  of  the 
penalty,  costs  of  ccmviction  and  appeal. 

§  29.  All  penalties  recoverable  in  manner  aforesaid  [shall  be  paid  to  the 
convicting  justice,  and  by  him  paid  to  the  registrar  of  the  college,  and  shall  f<Trm 
part  of  the  funds  thereof;  any  person  may  be  prosecutor  or  complainant,  and  the 
medical  board  may  allot  such  portion  of  the  penalties  recovered  as  may  be  expe- 
dient towards  the  payment  of  such  prosecution:  ProrUled,  always,  that  *very 
such  prosecution  shall  be  commenced  within  one  year  from  the  date  of  the  alleged 
offense;  and  it  is  hereby  provided  that  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  medical  board,  by 
an  order  si.Tned  by  the  president,  having  the  seal  of  the  college  appended  thereto, 
to  stay  proceedings  in  any  such  prosecution  where  it  may  be  deemed  expedient. 

§  80.  In  all  cases  where  proof  of  registration  aforesaid  is  required  to  be  made, 
the  production  of  a  printed  or  other  copy  of  the  register,  certified  under  the 
hand  of  the  registrar  of  the  medical  board  for  the  time  being,  shall  be  sa£Bcient 
evidence  of  all  persons  who  are  registered  {iractitioners,  in  lieu  of  the  prodnotion 
of  the  original  register;  and  any  certificate,  upon  such  printed  or  other  copy  of 
the  register,  puri)orting  to  be  signed  by  any  person  in  his  capacity  of  registrar, 
shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  that  such  registrar  is  such  registrar,  without  any 
proof  of  his  signature  or  of  his  being  in  fact  such  registrar. 


J 


dnly  licMioed 

id  to  pnictice 
hirt,  ^ain  or 
in  or  hope  of 
■,  or  udvirtise 
Mftiiitolia.  he 
{iciice  of  tlie 
offeiiBe,  ()«)'  i« 
dollars. 
^•Biciaii,  doctor 
le,  addition  or 
d  to,  Bhall  be 
ig  jurisdiction 
iirs^. 

lie,  addition  or 
<  regiwVv'.^i'i.  f'." 
a  licentiate  in 
viction  thereof 
Ity  not  exceed- 
to  rejjistratiou 

ight  and  heard 
iich  offence  hai« 
to  award  pay- 
nnlty  and  co/its 
to  commit  the 
11  not  exceeding 

ajipeul  againnt 

being   released 

■  amount  of  the 

lie   i)aid  to  the 
,  and  shall  fcrrm 
ilaiuaut,  and  the 
as  may  he  expe- 
>nys,  that  every 
te  of  the  alleged 
tedical  board,  by 
ppended  thereto, 
led  expedient, 
tired  to  be  made, 
tifled  under    the 
ihall  be  snfBcient 
f  the  produotion 
or  other  copy  of 
3ity  of  registrar, 
trar,  vithont  any 


CANADA— NKW  BRIINSWK^K. 


21 


§  M.  riirt  wordn  "'legally  <|ualitled  medical  practitioners,"  or  '•  duly  qualified 
medical  practitioners,"  or  any  other  word  importing  legal  recognition  of  any 
person  (in  a  medical  practitioner  or  member  of  the  medical  profession,  when  used 
in  reference  to  law,  shall  be  deemed  to  apply,  and  shall  be  construed  to  mean,  a 
person  registered  according  to  the  laws  of  this  Province. 

§  ."la.  The  section  in  division  C  of  this  chapter  may  be  cited  as  ''The  Manitoba 
Modioal  Act." 

Manitoba    Mki)ic;ai,  Colleue. 


Winiiipoj/. 


Or^anizHd  in  1H83. 


New  HriinHwick,  ProvJiic*'  of. 

Population,  ;}'2 1 , 1 20.     (CeiiHUHof  1881.)    Number  of  phyHicians,  k. 75. 

(FigiiroH    furninhod   by   \V.   V.   Colejian,   M.D.,   of    St.    John,  N.   B.) 

AvwiigH  numbor  of  inhabitants  to  oaoh  physician,  1,107. 

An  \v:r.    r'.'-itiut^  to   the  Registration    and  (jualitication    of    Physiciims    and   Sur- 
geons; passed  li6ih  li&rcfr,  JflHl. 

Bo  it  enacted  by  the  Lieutenant-Oovenioi,  L>;g/*^»tive  Council,  and  .Vssemlily. 
as  follows: 

Hbotion  I.     Tills  act  may  be  cited  as  '•  The  New  Brunswick  Medical  Act,  18dV." 

§  2.  .^11  persons  who  are  (|ualitied  to  register  under  section  .18  of  tliis  act,  and 
■who  do  register  after  the  [lassing  of  this  net,  shall  constitute  the  New  Brunswick 
Medical  Society. 

§  ;{.  There  shall  be  ii  medical  council,  composed  of  nine  legally  (|ualitied 
medical  prtictitioners  of  not  less  than  seven  years'  standing,  four  of  whom  shall  be 
nominated  and  a|>pointed  by  the  governor  in  council,  nnd  tive  by  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Medical  Society;  of  whicii  council  any  tive  shall  constitute  a  <|Uorum  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sj  4.  Every  vacancy  in  such  council,  wliether  caused  by  death,  resignation, 
removiil  from  office,  or  otherwise,  shall  be  tilled  up  by  the  bod)  or  authority  who 
shall  have  nominated  or  ap[)ointed  the  person  causing  such  vacancy,  with  as  little 
delay  as  possible,  so  that  as  far  as  practicable  the  council  shall  always  consist  of 
nine  members,  four  appointed  by  the  governor  in  council  and  five  by  the  New 
Brunswick  Medical  Society.  In  case  of  dissolution  of  such  society,  or  their  neglect 
or  refusal  to  till  up  a  vacancy,  which  they  are  empowered  and  directed  by  this 
section  to  supply,  within  three  months  after  such  vacancy  shall  have  been 
caused,  the  remaining  members  of  the  medical  council  shall  nominate  and  appoint 
a  properly  qualilied  person  to  till  such  vacancy,  in  the  place  and  stead  of  the  New 
Brunswick  Medical  Society.  In  case  of  a  similar  neglect  or  refusal  on  the  part  of 
the  governor  in  council,  the  medical  council  shall  exercise  the  like  power:  Provided, 
that  no  person  shall  be  capable  of  being  appointed  to  such  council  who  shall  not 
have  the  qualifications  prescribed  in  the  last  preceding  section  for  the  first  nine 
members  of  the  council. 

§  5.  The  medical  council  shall  be  styled  and  named  "'  The  Council  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  of  New  Brunswick,"  in  this  act  called  "  The  Council." 

§  6.  The  council,  or  a  majority  of  the  members  comprising  the  same,  shall 
appoint,  from  time  to  time,  a  regular  medical  practitioner,  duly  ijualifled  under 
this  act,  to  act  as  secretary  of   the  council,  and  keep  a  record  of  the  proceedings  of 


22 


MKDICAL  LAWK  AND  INHTITUTICWH. 


• 


the  Hiuric  in  h  liook  or  Ixiokh  to  1)<-  iirovidfd  lij  Jiini  for  thiil  jnirpon .  tojfUbir  willi 
all  Hiich  miittcrH  iiiid  tliiiiKi*  hh  1»  tlie  comioil  hIihII  iipiuMtiiiii. 

!^  7.  The  Hfcretiuy  Bhiill  iilno  'n-  the  reKintnir  of  the  council,  and  ftiiill  be  |ii»id 
mvU  Hiiliirj,  out  of  the  nioneyn  to  l)e  received  n»  hereinafter  provided,  iif  the 
council  MJiall  delerniiJie. 

S  H.  Tlie  re^'iKtriir  of  the  couiu'il  r»lwill.  liefore  the  tirnt  day  of  Ml',,  in  every 
yeur,"  ciiUHe  to  he  printed  and  published  in  the  liui/iil  (hm-lte  of  tliit-  J'rovince,  and 
in  such  other  manner  an  the  council  nhall  Hi>point.  n  correct  rcKiKterof  the  names,  in 
alphabetical  order,  accordiiii,'  to  the  nurnanieK,  with  tlie  respective  renidences  (in 
the  form  set  forth  in  Sdiednle  A  to  this  act.  or  to  the  like  effect  I,  and  medical  titles, 
diplomas  and  (pialiiications  conferred  by  any  collej^e  or  body,  with  the  dates 
thereof,  of  all  persons  appearing  t)n  the  re(,'iHter  as  existinj;  on  the  tirst  day  of 
January  in  such  year,  and  such  register  shiill  be  called  the '•  Medical  Register;"  and 
a  copy  of  such  rej;ister  for  the  time  beiiiKt  purportinj;  to  be  so  printed  and 
published  an  aforesaid,  or  a  certilicate  si>,'ned  by  the  president  of  the  council,  and 
attested  by  the  registrar,  with  the  corjiorate  seal  of  the  council  attached,  shall  be 
liiimii  /(((■(■<•  evidence  in  nil  courts  and  before  all  justices  of  the  peace  and  others, 
thai  the  persons  therein  specified  are  registered  and  (|ualitied  according  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act;  and  the  absence  of  the  name  of  any  perstni  from  such  copy, 
or  the  want  of  such  certificate,  shall  be  prima fafie  evidence  that  such  person  is 
not  registered  according  to  the  provisions  of  this  not:  Provided  always,  that  in  the 
case  of  any  person  whose  name  does  not  apjiear  in  any  such  copy,  a  certified  copy, 
under  the  hand  of  the  registrar  of  the  council,  of  the  entry  of  tlie  name  of  such 
person  on  the  register,  shall  be  evidence  that  such  jierRon  is  registered  under  the 
))rovisions  of  this  act. 

§  !».  'rhereufter  no  person  shall  begin  or  enter  ujion  the  study  of  physic, 
surgery  or  midwifery,  for  the  purpose  of  (p'a'ifying  himself  to  practice  the  same  in 
this  Province,  unless  he  shall  have  obtain* d  from  the- Council  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  a  certificate  that  he  has  satisfactorUy  passed  u  matriculation  or  prelimi- 
nary examination  in  the  subjects  specified  in  Schedule  B  to  this  act  (vide  infra), 
or  unless  he  has  passed  a  matriculation  examination  for  an  undergraduate  course 
in  arts  and  science  at  some  college  in  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  Canada,  the  I'nited 
States  of  America,  or  the  continent  of  Kurope. 

S  10.  No  candidate  shall  be  admitted  to  such  matriculation  or  preliminary 
exnndnation  unless  he  shall  have,  at  least  fourteen  days  previous  to  such  examina- 
tion, given  notice  to  the  registrar  of  the  council  of  his  intention  to  j.resent  himself 
for  Iwh  examination,  and  transmitted  to  the  registrar  a  certificate  showing  that 
he  has  completed  his  sixteenth  year,  and  shall,  before  the  examination,  have  paid  ;i 
fee  of  five  dollars  to  \\\v  registrar. 

5?  11.  Subject  to  the  exctv/'ons  hereinafter  made,  no  person  shall  practice 
physic,  surgery  or  midwifery  in  New  Bri.v.-.vick  unless  his  name  shall  be  registered 
in  the  book  of  registry  of  the  Council  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  or  unless  he 
shall  have  received  from  such  coui:cil  a  license  to  practice. 

§  12.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  have  his  name  entered  on  the  register 
of  the  council,  or  to  receive  a  license  to  practice  from  such  council,  unless  hi'  shall 
Batisfy  the  council  that  he  has  passed  the  matriculation  or  preli7ninary  examina 
tion;  that,  after  passing  such  examination,  he  has  followed  his  studies  during  a 
period  of  not  less  than  four  years  (one  of  which  may  be  under  the  direction  of  one 
or  more  general  practitioners  duly  licensed);  that  during  such  four  years  he  has 
attended,  at  some  university,  college  or  incorporated  school  of  medicine  in  good 
siamlinu'.  I'Dai-x's  of  lectures  amounting  together  to  not  less  than  twelve  months,  on 


Hliiill  )><•  |>»i<l 
viilnd.  H»   tlie 

Ml',,  in  every 
I'rovinco,  tiiid 

the  naninH,  in 
rewitlfuCPH  (in 
ncdiual  titlex, 
itb  till-  (latep 
('  tirnl  day  of 
U'^ifter;'"  and 

printed  and 
e  oonncil.  and 
died.  hIuiII  be 
;•«  and  otIierH, 
DrdinK  to  tlie 
:)in  such  copy, 
uch  person  is 
ijs,  tliat  in  the 
certified  ('"l-y. 
name  of  such 
red  under  the 

idy  of  pliysic. 
ce  tlie  same  in 
'liysicians  and 
on  or  prelimi- 
t  {vide  infill  I, 
raduate  course 
dii.  tlie  I'nited 

)r  preliminary 
such  examina- 
iresent  himself 
•  showing  that 
jn.  have  paid  ;i 

shall  practice 
II  he  registered 
s.  or  unless  he 

171  the  register 
unless  bf  shall 
inary  examina 
udies  during  a 
lirection  of  one 
r  years  he  has 
idicine  in  good 
elve  months,  on 


CANADA     NEW  HHUNHWirK. 


28 


Kenentl  anatomy,  <>n  practiciil  nnntomy,  on  surgery,  on  materia  medicn  and  jihur- 
inacy,  and  on  the  institutes  of  medicine  and  on  (ihysiology,  and  one  three  months' 
course  of  medical  jurisprudence;  that  he  has  attended  the  gcni'ral  practice  of  an 
hospital  in  which  there  are  contained  not  less  than  fifty  heds.  uniler  the  charge  of 
not  loss  than  two  physicians  or  surgeons,  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  one  year,  or 
two  periods  of  not  less  than  six  months  each;  that  he  has  also  attended  two  three 
months'  oonrneii  or  one  nix  months'  oounte  of  cliuicnl  medicine,  and  the  same  of 
clinical  surgery;  that  he  has,  after  examination  in  the  sulijects  of  the  course, 
obtained  a  degree  or  diploma  from  such  university,  college  or  iniorporated  medical 
school,  if  such  university,  college  or  incorporated  medical  school  rei|uires  a  four 
years'  course  in  order  to  the  obtaining  its  di|>lonia,  or  for  the  want  of  such  degree 
or  diploma  that  ho  has  satisfactorily  passed  an  examination  in  the  various  branches 
hereinbefore  specilled  before  examiners  to  be  a]>poiiited  by  the  council;  that  he  is 
not  less  than  twenty-one  years  of  a/;e;  that  he  has  [laid  lo  the  registrar  of  the 
council  a  fee  of  ten  dollars;  provided  that  the  council  shall  have  power,  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  governor  in  council,  to  make  such  alterations  in  the  foregoing 
curriculum  as  may  from  time  to  time  bo  re<juired;  provided  also,  that  in  the  event 
of  any  person  applying  for  registration  as  a  practitioner  of  any  system  of  medi- 
cine, the  registered  practitioners  of  that  system  shall  have  the  right  to  appoint  an 
examiner  or  examiners  on  the  subjects  peculiar  to  that  system,  viz;  materia 
inedica,  pharmacy  and  therapeutics,  and  if  they  shall  neglect  sr  to  do,  the  council 
shall  have  the  power  to  a]>)ioint  such  examiner  or  examiners. 

§  liJ.  The  last  preceding  section  shall  not  apply  to  •  ly  person  in  actual 
practice  who  shall  be  entitled  to  register  under  section  38,  an  1  to  receive  a  license 
to  practice,  under  this  act,  on  payment  of  two  dollars ;  and  notwithstanding  the 
provisions  of  such  section,  any  person,  upon  jiroducing  to  the  council  conclusive 
evidence  that  he  has  passed  a  matiiculation,  or  preliminary  examination,  such  as  is 
required  by  this  act  for  jiersons  beginning  the  medical  studies  in  New  Brunswick, 
that  he  has,  before  graduating,  or  taking  a  dijiloina,  studied  for  at  least  four  years 
in  the  manner  provided  in  section  lU  of  this  act.  or  pursued  what  the  council  shall 
deem  an  equivalent  course  of  study,  and  has  passed  a  tinal  examination  in  the 
subjects  of  riuch  course;  or,  for  want  of  such  requisites,  shall  have  fulfilled  such 
conditions  as  the  council  may  determine,  and  shall  i)ay  a  fee  of  ten  dollars,  shall 
be  entitled  to  be  registered  and  to  receive  a  license  to  i)ractice. 

§  14.  Any  resident  of  this  Province  who  began  the  study  of  medicine,  in  a 
bona  fide  manner,  before  the  first  of  January,  1881,  and  who  was  at  that  time  a 
resident  of  this  Province,  shall,  for  the  purposes  of  regist-ation,  be  recpiired  to 
produce  credentials,  such  as  are  specified  in  section  Kb.  and  shall  pay  a  fee  of  five 
dollars. 

§  15.     The  council  shall  have  ])ower  and  it  shall  le  their  duty — 

(1.)  To  elect  a  president  and  such  other  officers,  including  the  secretary  and 
registrar  hereinbefore  jirovided  for,  as  may  be  necessary  to  the  working  of  this  act; 

(2.)  To  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifer>  by  making 
rules,  not  inconsistent  with  this  act,  with  regard  to  the  preliminary  qualification, 
course  of  study  to  be  followed,  the  final  examination,  and  the  nature  of  the  evidence 
to  be  produced  before  tho  council  upon  these  subjects; 

(3.)  To  appoint  fit  and  proper  persons  to  conduct  the  preliminary,  or  matric- 
ulation examinations,  to  decide  upon  the  times  for  holding  such  examinations,  and 
to  5r  the  remuneration  (if  any)  to  be  paid  stich  examiners: 

(4.)  T^  appoint  a  committee  of  one  or  more,  who  shall  be  members  of  such 
council,  to  be  calit^  n  registration  committee,  whose  duty  shall  be  to  examine  all 


24 


MKDICAK  IA\VH  AND  INHTITUTIONS. 


dej(reB«,  di|ilutuni*,  lioeiiHon,  and  other  crudentiiils  itreHeiite-l  or  nireii  iit  Hviduiioe 
under  the  miid  not,  for  tlu*  purpoNe  of  eimblinK  th«  ownor  to  priiolicB  iu  Now 
HriuiHwick,  nnd  to  oblige  thu  owner  of  nuoh  credentiiiU  to  uttortt  on  oiith,  or  by 
nlBdiivit,  thiit  hu  is  the  peison  whone  niiniK  in  mentioned  tlierein,  iind  that  he  liecuuie 
|iU!4Merinud  tliereof  properl>'  and  honestly  j 

(6.)     To  ciiuHP  every  nieniber  of  the  profenniou  practicinn  in  New  BrunHwiok 

to  reKi^ter  Ids  nunie,  u^e,  phice  of  renidenoe,  place  of  notivify,  tlie  daUi  of  Idn 

lioenrto  or  diph)ma  and  tlie  place  where  he  olitaiued  it,  in  the  rejfinter  of  the  council; 

|G.)     To  make  orders,  reKulationw  and  l>ylawn  for  rej^nlatinx  the  re^isterH  to 

be  kept  under  thirt  act; 

(  7.)  To  make  all  such  rules  renulatioiiH  and  by-lawn  for  carryin|jf  thi«  act  into 
effect,  i\A  to  the  council  shall  weem  proper  or  necennary,  which  rulen,  regulations 
and  l>y-lawn  shall  not  be  inoonnintent  with  thin  act,  and  may  be  dinallowed  by  the 
governor  in  council; 

(8.)  To  appoint  an  many  medical  examinern,  to  hold  tinal  examinations  when 
neccHHary,  as  Ihe  council  shall  deem  proper;  to  Ux  fees,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars; 
such  examiners  to  be  regularly -(lualitied  practitioners  of  not  less  than  five  years 
[irofessional  standing  and  thnn'  years  residence  in  this  Province;  members  of  the 
council  may  be  appointed  as  such  examiners. 

§  10.  The  rules  and  regulations,  if  any,  as  to  the  times  and  places  of  the 
meetings  of  the  council,  and  the  mode  of  summoning  the  same  by  the  council, 
shall  remain  in  force  until  altered  at  any  subseciuent  ip  'eting.  In  ihe  absence  of 
any  rule  or  regulation  as  to  the  summoning  of  future  mei'tings  of  the  council,  it 
shall  be  lawful  for  the  jjresideut  thereof  to  summon  the  same  at  such  time  and 
place  as  to  him  shall  seem  tit.  by  circular-letter  mailed  to  each  member;  he  shall 
in  like  manner  ammon  a  meeting  of  the  council,  upon  the  re((uisition  of  a  majority 
of  members  th'  'of:  I'ntvidfd,  always,  that  at  least  ten  days'  notice  of  such 
meeting  shall  be  given.  In  the  event  of  the  absence  of  the  president  from  any 
meeting,  some  other  member,  to  be  chosen  from  the  members  present,  shall  act  as 
president.  All  acts  of  the  council  shall  be  decided  by  the  nxajority  of  the  members 
present,  the  whole  number  being  not  less  than  five.  At  all  meetings  the  president 
shall  have  the  privilege  of  voting. 

§  17.  All  moneys  forming  part  of  the  funds  of  the  council  shall  be  paid  to 
the  treasurer,  and  shall  be  applied  to  carrying  this  act  into  execution. 

55  18.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registrar  to  keep  his  register  correct,  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  the  rules,  orders  and  regulations  of 
the  council,  and  to  erase  the  names  of  all  registered  persons  who  shall  have  died, 
left  the  Province  without  any  intention  of  returning,  or  ceased  to  practice  for  a 
period  of  five  years;  and  he  shall  from  time  to  time  make  the  necessary  alteratipns 
in  the. addresses  or  qualifications  of  the  persons  registered  under  this  act:  Provided, 
always,  that  the  name  of  any  person  erased  from  the  register  shall  be  restored  by 
order  of  the  council,  upon  sufficient  cause  duly  shown  to  that  effect. 

§  I'J.  Any  person  entitled  to  be  registered  under  this  act,  but  who  shall  neg- 
lect or  omit  to  be  so  registered,  shall  not  be  entitled  to  any  of  the  rights  or  privi- 
leges conferred  by  the  provisions  of  ihis  act,  so  long  as  such  neglect  or  omission 
shall  continue. 

§  20.     No  person  otherwise  (jualiiied  under  this  act,  shall  be  refused  registra- 
tion or  a  license  to  practice  on  accouiU  of  his  adopting  or  refusing  to  adopt  the 
practice  of  any  particular  theory  of  medicine  or  surgery.     In  case  of  such  refusal 
by  the  council,  the  party  aggrieved  shall  have  the  right  to  api)eal  to  the  governor 
•    ii'.  council,  who,  upon  due  cause  shown,  shall   issue  an  order  to  the  council   to 


II  ill  t^vldtiiioa 
tclicH  ill  Now 

III  oiith,  or  by 
liitt  Ik*  liucume 

uw  BruuHwiok 
IK  dikUi  of  liiH 
if  tlit<  coiiiiuil; 

in  r»)«int(TH  to 

ig  thifi  Hot  into 
111,  rugulatioua 
Ilowed  by  the 

JiiHtiotiM  wlieu 
g  tell  dollurs; 
liiin  Ave  years 
embern  uf  the 

pliiceH  uf  the 
y  the  council, 
h«  iibseiicc  of 
the  council,  it 
Ruch  time  imd 
luber;  lie  shall 
II  of  n  majority 
lotice  of  such 
.lent  from  any 
'lit,  shall  act  as 
if  the  members 
1  the  president 

iiall  be  paid  to 

n. 

^ter  correct,  in 

I  regulations  of 

hall  have  died, 

practice  for  a 
^ary  alteratipns 
I  act:  Provided, 

be  restored  by 

who  shall  neg- 
rights  or  privi- 
BCt  or  omission 

ifused  registra- 
ig  to  adopt  the 
of  anch  refusal 
to  the  governor 
the  conuoil   to 


CANADA     NKW  HRUNSWK^K, 


as 


regiriter  tliti  a<ime  of  such  person,  uud  to  grant  him  a  license  to  prnotioe,  Hud 
that  therefore  the  council  shall  forthwith  register  the  name  of  such  porHOli,  and 
grant  him  a  license  to  practice. 

<i  'Jl.  No  (|ualitloation  shall  be  entered  upon  the  register,  either  upon  the  first 
registration  or  by  way  of  ■;:iy  addition  to  a  registered  name,  unless  the  registrar 
shall  lie  satistled  by  the  proper  cvidenct'  that  the  person  claiming  is  entitled  to  it; 
and  any  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  registrar  may  be  decided  by  the  council, 
and  any  entry  which  shall  be  proved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  council,  to  have  been 
fraudulently  or  incorrectly  made,  may  be  erased  from  the  register,  by  order  iu 
writing  of  the  council,  and  the  name  of  such  person  fraudulently  registering  ot 
attempting  so  to  register,  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  council,  be  published  iu 
the  next  issue  of  the  liiiynl  O'azette  thereafter. 

§  '-'2.  Any  registered  medical  practitioner  who  shall  have  been  convicted  of 
any  felony  in  any  court,  or  shall,  after  due  iiii|uiry,  be  judged  by  the  council  to 
have  been  guilty  of  infamous  (vinduct  in  any  professional  respect,  shall  thereby, 
subject  to  an  appeal  to  the  governor  in  council,  forfeit  his  right  to  registration, 
and  by  the  direction  of  the  council  his  name  shall  be  erased  from  the  register. 

§  '-'U.  Kvery  person  registered  under  this  act  who  may  have  obtained  any 
higher  degree  or  (jualitlcatioii,  other  than  the  (jualitlcation  in  respect  of  which  he 
may  have  been  registered,  shall  be  entitled  to  have  such  higher  degree  or  ((ualitica- 
tion  inserted  in  the  register  in  substitution  for,  or  in  addition  to,  the  qualiticatiou 
previously  registered,  on  the  [layment  of  such  fee  as  the  council  may  demand. 

>5  24.  Every  person  who  shall  be  registered  under  the  provisions  of  this  act 
shall  be  entitled,  according  to  his  i|ualiilcation  or  (jualitications,  to  practice  medi- 
cine, surgery,  midwifery,  or  dentistry,  or  either  or  any  of  them,  as  the  case  may 
be,  in  New  Brunswick,  and  to  demand  and  recover  in  any  court  of  law,  reasonable 
and  customary  cliarges  for  professional  aid,  ad  ice  and  visits,  and  the  cost  of  any 
medicine  or  other  medical  or  surgical  appliances  rendered  or  supplied  by  him  to 
his  patients. 

5j  2r).  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  recover  any  charge  iu  any  court  of  law 
for  any  medical  or  surgical  advice,  or  for  attendance,  or  for  the  performance  of 
any  operation,  or  for  any  medicine  which  he  shall  have  both  prescribed  and  sup- 
plied, unless  he  shall  prove  upon  the  trial  that  he  is  registered  under  this  act. 

S  2C.  The  words  "  legally  ()U!ilified  medical  practitioner,"  or  "  duly  qualified 
medical  practitioner,"  or  any  otlier  words  importing  a  person  recognized  by  law 
as  a  medical  practitioner  or  member  of  the  medical  profession,  when  used  in  any 
act  of  the  legislature  or  legal  or  public  document,  shall  be  construed  to  mean  a 
person  registered  under  this  act. 

§  27.  No  person  shall  be  appointed  as  medical  ofticer,  physician  or  surgeon 
in  any  branch  of  the  public  service,  or  in  any  hospital  or  other  charitable  institu- 
tion, unless  he  be  registered  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

§  28.  No  certificate  required  by  any  act  now  in  force  or  that  may  hereafter 
be  passed,  from  any  physician  or  surgeon,  or  medical  practitioner,  shall  be  valid 
unless  the  person  signing  the  same  shall  be  registered  under  this  act. 

§  2i).  If  any  person  not  registered  or  licensed  under  this  act,  or  not  being 
actually  employed  as  a  physician  or  surgeon  iu  her  majesty's  naval  or  military 
service,  practif  ^s  physic,  surgery,  or  midwifery  for  hire,  gain,  or  hope  of  reward, 
he  shall  thereby  forfeit  a  sum  of  twenty  dollars  for  each  day  upon  which  he  so 
practices. 

§  30.  Any  dnm  forfeited  under  the  next  preceding  section  shall  be  recoverable 
with  costs,  and   may  be  sued  for  and  recovered  in  the  same  manner  as  a  private 


2fi 


MKDICAL  LAWS  AND  INBTITUTION8. 


debt  by  the  couucil  or  nny  member  thereof,  or  any  person  ajijiomted  by  the 
council  or  any  member  thereof,  and  bein)r  recovered  shall  belong;  to  the  council 
for  the  UBO  thereof,  under  this  act;  providiuK  that  where  the  information  leading 
to  such  recovery  shall  have  been  given  by  any  person  unconnected  with  the  medi- 
cal profession,  such  person  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  ope-half  of  the  lum  so 
recovered.  (No  person  adjudged  to  have  forfeited  any  sum  of  money  under  sec- 
tions 29  and  iJO  of  the  said  act,  or  against  whom  any  suit  therefor  shad  have  been 
brouglit,  shall  be  entit'eu  c  -.-.bject  to  the  provisions  of  any  act  or  acts'  for  the 
relief  of  debtors.     Amendment  passed  April.  1882.) 

§  31.  Upon  the  trial  of  such  cause  the  burden  of  proof  as  to  the  license  or 
right  of  the  defendant  to  practice  physic,  surgery,  or  midwifery  in  New  Brunswick, 
shall  be  upon  the  defendant. 

§  32.  If  the  registrar  make  or  cause  to  be  made  any  willfu*.  falsification  in 
any  matters  relating  to  the  register,  he  shall  forfeit  a  sum  not  less  than  one  hundred 
dollars;  to  be  recovered  as  liereiubefore  provided  as  to  persons  practicing  medicine, 
surgery  or  midwifery  illegally. 

§  33.  If  any  person  shall  willfully  procure  or  attempt  to  procure  himself  to 
be  registered  under  this  act  by  making  or  producing,  or  causing  to  be  made  or 
produced,  any  false  or  fraudulent  rej)resentation  or  declaration,  eitlier  verbally  or 
in  writing,  every  such  person  so  doing,  and  every  person  knowingly  aiding  and 
assisting  him  therein  shall  forfeit  and  pay  a  sum  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars, 
to  be  recovered  as  a  private  debt,  as  hereinbefore  provided. 

§  34.  Any  person  wlio  shall  willfully  and  falsely  pretend  to  be,  or  take  or  use 
any  name,  title,  addition,  or  description  implying  tlmt  he  is  registered  under  this 
act,  shall  forfeit  and  pay  a  sum  not  exceeding  ono?  hundred  dollars  nor  less  than 
fifty  dollars,  to  be  sued  for,  recovered  and  appropriated  as  provided  in  section  30 
of  this  act. 

§  35.  No  suit  shall  be  commenced  under  tliis  act  after  one  year  from  the  dale 
of  the  offence  or  cause  of  action. 

§  36.  Nothing  in  this  act  shall  prevent  any  person  from  giving  necessary 
medical  or  surgical  aid  or  attendance  to  any  one  in  urgent  need  of  it,  provided 
that  such  aid  or  attendance  is  not  given  for  hire  or  gain,  nor  the  giving  of  it  made 
a  business  or  way  of  gaining  a  livelihood  by  suc'.i  person ;  and  nothing  in  this  act 
shall  be  construed  to  prevent  any  woman  from  giving  necessary  aid  in  cases  of 
confinement,  as  heretofore  accustomed. 

t?  37.  Tlie  members  of  the  Council  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New 
Brunswick,  appointed  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  governor  in  council,  shr\  hold  office 
for  a  term  of  four  years,  or  until  voluntary  resignation ;  and  the  members  appointed 
by  or  on  behalf  of  the  New  Brunswick  Medical  Society,  for  three  years  from-the 
date  of  appointment,  or  until  voluntary  resignation;  provided,  that  it  shall  be 
lawful  for  the  governor  in  council  at  any  time  to  remove  any  member  of  the 
council  upon  the  written  request  of  three-fourths  of  the  remaining  members  (six 
or  eight)  of  such  council,  and  due  cause  shown. 

§  38.  All  persons  practicing  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  or  all  of  them, 
in  the  Province,  at  the  time  of  passing  of  this  act,  and  who  shall  have  previously 
obtained  a  degree  or  diploma  in  medicine  or  surgery  from  any  legally  chartered 
medical  college  or  university  in  any  country  where  such  is  recognized;  and  all 
persons  who  shall,  subsequently  to  the  passing  of  this  act,  pass  the  examination 
prescribed  l._,  the  Council  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  this  Province,  or  present 
approved  credentials,  certificates  or  diplomas  equivalent  to  such  examination;  and 
■     all  persons  who  shall  have  practiced  medicine  or  surgery  in  tlie  Province  for  a 


lUted  by  the 
,0  tlie  council 
ation  lendin({ 
ith  the  medi- 
f  the  lum  so 
ey  under  ?ec- 
Bil  Imve  been 
■  iictH   for  the 

the  license  or 
'w  Brunswick, 

idsification  in 
a  one  hundred 
?ing  medicine. 

lire  liimself  to 
,0  be  made  or 
er  verbally  or 
Tly  aiding  and 
indred  dollarf, 

or  take  or  use 
■red  under  this 

nor  less  than 
i  in  section  H'1 

from  the  date 

/ing  necessary 
of  it,  provided 
ing  of  it  made 
ling  in  this  act 
aid  in  cases  of 

geons  of  New 
lie',  hold  office 
bers  appointed 
years  from-the 
lat  it  shall  be 
nember  of  the 
r  members  (six 

jr  all  of  them, 
lave  previously 
gaily  chartered 
jnized;  and  all 
he  examination 
ince,  or  present 
amination ;  and 
Province  for  a 


CANADA-  NEW  BRl'NSWICK. 


27 


period  of  twenty  years  previous  to  the  passing  of  this  act.  and  who  shall  prove  the 
same,  shall  be  entitled  to  register  and  receive  a  license  to  practice  under  this  act; 
and  all  persons  who,  at  the  passing  of  this  act.  are  entitled  to  and  claiming  to  so 
register,  shall  file  a  memorandum  of  their  namon  and  place  of  residence  and  prac- 
tice, with  their  post-office  address,  in  the  provinc'al  secretary's  office  at  Frederic- 
ton,  within  three  months  after  the  passing  of  this  act. 

§  39.  Any  jierson,  wliile  employed  in  actual  service  in  her  majesty's  naval  or 
military  service  as  jjhysician  or  surgeon,  may  practice  physic,  surgery  or  midwifery 
in  New  Brunswick  without  registry  or  license. 

§  40.  The  Council  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  shall  hold  a  meeting  in  the  city 
of  Predericton  every  year,  at  which  annual  meeting  they  shall  have  power  to 
appoint  examiners,  fix  the  times  of  examination  and  transact  all  business  arising 
out  of  this  act;  and  any  such  meeting  may  be  continued,  by  adjournment  from 
day  to  day,  until  the  business  before  the  council  is  finished,  but  no  such  meeting 
shall  be  so  continued  beyond  tlie  Saturday  of  tlie  week  in  which  such  sitting  com- 
mences. The  council  shall  also  have  power,  and  it  sliall  be  their  duty,  to  hold  such 
other  meetings  as  may  be  necessary,  at  wliich  meetings  they  shall  have  the  powers 
and  duties  herein  conferred  and  inij)osed  upon  the  council  at  the  annual  meetings. 

§  41.  The  books  and  accounts  of  the  council  stiall  at  all  times  be  open  to  the 
examination  of  such  persons  as  the  governor  in  council  or  the  New  Brunswick 
Medical  Society  shall  appoint  to  inspect  the  same,  and  also  of  all  members  of  the 
council,  imd  the  accounts  shall  l)e  annually  published  or  laid  before  the  provincial 
secretary. 

1^  42.  The  Council  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  shall,  immediately  upon  the 
occurrence  of  a  vacancy  therein,  communicate  the  fact  to  the  governor  in  council  or 
to  the  New  Brunswick  Medical  Society,  according  as  such  vacancy  shall  be  t<D  be 
filled  up  by  one  or  the  other  of  those  bodies,  and  shall  also  notify  either  of  such 
bodies  of  any  other  business  requiring  the  attention  of  the  .J.iine  under  this  act. 

§  43.  After  the  expiration  of  three  months  from  the  passing  of  this  act.  the 
provincial  secretary  shall  call  a  meeting  of  the  New  Brunswick  Medical  Society.  Viy 
causing  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of  such  meeting  to  be  [niblished  in  one  Pred- 
ericton and  two  Saint  .John  newspapers.  Previons  to  such  meeting,  the  governor 
in  council  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  organization,  apf)oint  from  the  persons  whose 
names  are  filed  with  the  proviu-ial  secretary  as  hereinbefore  provided,  three 
scrutineers,  who  shall  examine  and  determine  the  proofs  and  certificates  of  those 
claiming  to  be  entitled  to  elect  the  council  and  organize  the  society  under  this  act, 
whose  determination  shall  be  final  in  that  respect;  and  upon  the  report  of  such 
scrutineers,  the  medical  society  shall  convene  as  they  are  hereby  directed  and 
empowered  by  this  section  to  do.  and  organize  by  electing  a  president  and  secre- 
tary from  among  their  number;  they  shall  have  power,  and  it  is  hereby  made  their 
duty,  to  adopt  their  own  by-laws,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act;  they  shall 
cause  to  be  drawn  up,  and  to  adopt  for  the  guidance  of  the  members  of  the  society, 
an  approved  code  of  medical  ethics,  and  to  transact  such  other  business  as  to  such 
societies  shall  appertain;  they  shall  at  their  first  meeting  elect  from  among  their 
number,  by  nomination  and  ballot,  five  persons  regularly  qualified  under  this  act 
to  be  members  of  the  Council  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  Brunswick,  and 
such  five  persons,  together  with  four  members  appointed  by  the  governor  in  council, 
shall  meet  as  soon  as  practicable  thtreafter  and  organize  for  the  purpose  of  carry- 
ing out  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

§  44.  Non-resident  regular  j)ractitioners  of  medicine  residing  in  the  Stat*  of 
Maine,  or  in  the  Province  of  Quebec  or  Nova  Scotia,  near  the  boundary  line  of  this 


28 


MEDIC\1-  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Proviuoti,  whose  regular  practice  ext«>nds  into  uuy  town,  parinh  or  county  in  New 
Bruu!*wick,  may  register  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

§  45.  Chapter  93  of  the  Consolidated  Statutes  of  New  Brunswick,  "  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,"  is  hereby  re|)eBled:  I'rovided,  neverlheteas,  that  this  act  shall 
not  apply  to  or  be  construed  to  extend  to  clairvoyant  physicians  practicing  at  the 
present  time  in  this  Province,  or  to  midwivea. 

[  Schedule  "A,"  referred  to  in  section  8,  above,  relates  to  the  form  iu  which  the 
Medical  Register  shall  be  printed,  and  which  is  almost  an  exact  counterpart  of  the 
form  adopted  in  1877  for  the  Official  Register  of  the  Illinois  Statu  Boabd  ok 

HiSAIiTH. 

[  Schedule  '•  B."  referred  to  in  section  9,  above,  provides  a  uniform  standard  of 
matriculation  or  preliminary  examination,  viz:  Compulsory,  English  or  French 
language,  including  grammar  and  composition,  and  writing  and  dictation;  arith- 
metic, including  vulgar  and  decimal  fractions,  and  extraction  of  the  square  root: 
algebra,  to  the  end  of  simple  ecjuatious;  geometry,  tirst  two  booksof  Euclid;  Latin, 
one  book,  translation  and  grammar.  Optional,  one  of  the  following:  History  of 
England,  with  (juotations  in  modern  geography;  French  translation;  German 
translation;  one  Greek  book;  natural  philosophy,  including  elementary  mechanics; 
hydrostatics  and  pneumatics;  history  of  New  Brunswick; history  of  the  Dominion.  J 

In  April.  1882,  the  following  section^,  together  with  four  others  incorporated 
above  in  the  proper  places,  were  adopted  as  amendments  to  the  original  act. 

S  .1.  Each  registered  medical  practitioner  shall,  if  required  by  the  council, 
))ay  to  the  registrar,  or  any  person  deputed  by  the  registrar  to  receive  it,  such 
animal  fee  as  may  be  determined  by  by-buv  of  the  council,  not  less  than  one  dollar 
nor  more  than  two  dollars,  toward  the  general  expenses  of  the  council,  which  fee 
shall  be  paid  on  the  tirst  day  of  January  in  each  year,  and  such  fee  shall  be  deemed 
to  be  a  debt  due  by  the  registered  medical  practitioner,  and  recoverable,  with  costs 
of  suit,  in  the  name  of  the  Council  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  Brunswick, 
iu  any  court  of  competent  jurisdiction. 

55  (i.  Any  oath  or  affidavit  reijuired  lo  be  taken  under  the  said  act,  "The  New- 
Brunswick  Medical  Act,  1881,"  or  under  this  act,  shall  and  may  be  taken  and  had 
by  and  before  any  justice  of  the  peace,  as  well  as  before  any  person  by  law  author- 
ized to  take  any  oath  or  affidavit;  and  any' affidavit  heretofore  made  by  any  person 
under  the  provisions  of  the  said  act,  before  a  justice  of  the  peace,  shall  be  deemed 
to  have  been  duly  and  properly  made  and  taken,  and  be  as  effectual  as  if  the  power 
to  take  srch  affidavit  had  been  expressly  given  to  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  and  by 
the  said  act. 

Di«.  W.  F.  Coleman  (M.  R.  C.  S.,  Eug.)  writes  that  "there  are  two 
hundred  registered  practiti(mers  in  Now  Brunswick,  and  probably  fifty 
or  seventy-five  more  cjualified  to  register  who  have  not  done  so. 

'•  Unqualified  persons  continue  to  practice,  and  no  action  has  yet 
been  taken  against  them.  By  '  unqualified,'  I  mean  those  not  qualified 
to  register;  but,  in  fact,  all  not  registered  are  unqualified  under  the  act." 

Nova  Scotia,  Freviiice  of. 

Population,  440,885.     (Census  of  1 S8 1 . ) 

[An  act  regulating  the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery  exists  in 


.^v.-J 


couuty  in  New 

iwick,  "  Physi- 
it  thiB  uct  ahull 
Hcticiii^  lit  the 

111  ill  which  the 
iterpart  of  the 
'ATK   BoABD   ur 

iin  stiuidiird  of 
lish  or  French 
ictiition;  arith- 
he  square  root; 
'  Euclid;  Lutin, 
ig:  History  of 
ition ;  German 
ary  inechauica; 
;he  Dominion.  | 
•s  incorporated 
^inal  act. 
by  the  council, 
•eceive  it,  such 
than  one  dollar 
mcil,  which  fee 
liall  be  deemed 
able,  with  costs 
^ew  Brunswick, 

act,  "The  New 
taken  and  had 
1  by  law  author- 
i  by  any  person 
ihall  be  deemed 
as  if  the  power 
peace  in  and  by 

thoro  are  two 
probably  fifty 
ne  so. 

jtion  has  yet 
( not  qualifioil 
indertheact." 


fwj   exists   ill 


.^    1 


V  ' 


rANAD.\     NOVA  SCOTIA. 


29 


tbe  I'ruvince  of  Nova  Scotia,  b\it  although  re^peated  attt'inpts  were  luade 
to  procure  a  copy,  they  were  tmsiiccessful.  | 

Halifax  Medical  Collkge  (University    of   Halifax  Medical  Depart- 

menf.) 
Halifax,  N.  S.     (Pup.  ;{(5,1(»7.) 

Organized  in  1807,  as  the  Medical  Dcpai'tment  of  Dalhonsie  College; 
attained  its  present  relation  in  187().  First  class  gradnatcd  in  1872. 
Classes  graduated  in  each  snbspcpient  year  exce])ting  187H.-  Faculty 
embraces  eight  professors,  one  adjunct  jirofessor,  seven  lecturers  and 
instructors,  and  two  demonstrators  of  anatomy. 

CouitSE  OF  Inhtkoction  ;  One  annual  graduatinfjf  course  of  six  months' dura- 
tion. Three  years'  tfrnded  course  required,  four  years'  course  recommended;  daily 
examinutions  b}  tlie  professors:  a  loU  of  students  attciidiiif;  eiieh  class  is  culled 
from  time  to  ume. — Lectures  embrace  i)rinciples  and  piaetice  of  medicine,  clinical 
medicine,  obstetrics,  gynecolof^y,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  clinical  surgery, 
piiysiology,  unatimy,  medical  jurisprudence,  dermatology,  botany,  diseases  of 
children,  practica]  chemistr,v.  materia  mediea,  therapeutics,  microscopy,  [)L  .rmaey. 

REiiUiiiF.MENTH;  For  admission :  (<»)  diploma  of  recognized  university  in  arts: 
or,  (6)  matriculation  examination  on  the  following  compulsory  subjects; 

Englisli  Language — including  grammar,  composition  and  writing  from  dicta- 
tion. Arithmetic — including  vulgar  and  decimal  fractions,  and  the  extraction  of 
the  s(|uare  root.  Algebra — to  the  end  of  simple  e<|Uations.  (Jeometry  -first  three 
books  of  Euclid.  Latin — one  book,  translation  and  grammar.  Elementary 
Mechanics  of  Solids  and  Fluids,  and  one  of  the  following  optional  subjects,  viz: 
History  of  England,  witii  (piestions  in  modern  geography.  French  translation. 
German  translation.  One  (ireek  book.  History  of  Nova  Scotia.  History  of  liie 
Dominion  of  Can-ida. — For  graduation;  (1)  four  years'  study;  (2 1  three  'i-'l  courses 
of  lectures;  (ii)  one  three  nion*.hs'  course  in  practical  pharmacy,  cheniis:ry.  botany 
and  medical  jurisprudence;  (4)  two  six  months'  courses  in  other  branches;  (5) 
twelve  months'  attendance  at  a  hospital;  (())  tliree  months'  practice  in  dispensing 
drugs;  (7)  at  least  six  cases  of  accouchment;  (8)  a  certificate  from  a  registered 
medical  practitioner,  of  "proficiency  in  the  practice  of  vaccination;"'  (9)  one  course  of 
practical  anatomy;  (10)  thesis;  (11)  twenty-one  years  of  ago;  (12)  a  general  written 
and  oral  examination  on  all  the  branches  of  medical  and  surgical  science;  (i;i(  n 
clinical  examination  in  medicine  and  surgery  conducted  at  the  bedside,  cases  being 
submitted  for  diagnosis  and  treatment  in  tl-e  wards  of  the  hospital.  In  estimating 
the  standing  of  candidates  and  the  number  of  marks  to  be  awarded,  professors 
shall  take  into  account  the  regularity  of  their  attendance,  and  the  diligence  ajid 
care  they  have  evinced  in  reporting  cases. 

Fees:    Lectures,  about  $60;  practical  anatomy,  $8;  graduation,  .^21. 

Students :  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reportej. 
and  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates   - 


Session. 

Mat 

•icuhites. 

Graduates. 

Percent 

1877-78 

29 

2 

(!- 

1878  70 

Sf) 

•A 

8+ 

1879  80 

.37 

2 

f).4 

1880  81 

:ir. 

2 

5.7 

1881-82 

:»7 

1 

2.7 

1882  8:i 

41 

;? 

7+ 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years,  ,ti,r. 


30 


MEDICAL  liAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS, 


Rbmakkh;  Dr.  J.  F.  Black,  RegiHtnir,  writes:  "  Our  severe  oxhui- 
iutttion  probably  accounts  for  the  small  proportion  of  matriculates  who 
graduate  with  us.  We  paHs  no  man  who  is  not  able  to  satisfy  our 
examination." 


Ontario,  Provinc*'  of. 

Population  l,yi;5,40»)  (census  of  1881).  Number  of  physicians, 
1,7(X)  (Ontario  Medical  Register,  1882).  Number  of  inhabitants  to 
each  physician,  1,12;'). 

Thk  Ontario  Medical  Act. 

Her  Majesty,  liy  mid  witli  the  conHeiit  of  the  Legislative  ABseinbljr  of  the  Pror- 
iuoe  of  Ontario,  enacts  as  follows ; — 

§  I.     This  act  may  be  cited  as  the  •'  ( )ntario  Medical  Act." 

§  II.  The  medical  profession  of  Ontario  heretofore  incorporated  under  the 
name  and  style  of  "The  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario,"  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  and  to  have  been  from  the  date  of  its  first  establishment  a  body 
oorpf)rate  by  the  name  aforesaid,  having  perpetual  succession  and  a  common  seal, 
with  pov  r  to  aciiuire,  hold,  and  dispose  of  chattel  property  and  real  estate  for  the 
purposes  of  this  act,  and  to  sue  and  be  sued  in  the  manner  usual  with  such 
corporations. 

§  III.  Every  person  registered  according  to  tiie  provisions  of  the  act  passed 
in  the  twenty-ninth  year  of  the  reign  of  Her  Majesty,  and  chaptered  thirty-four,  of 
the  act  passed  in  ^lie  thirty-second  year  [1869]  of  the  reign  of  Her  said  Majesty, 
and  chaptered  forty-five,  of  the  act  passed  in  the  thirty-seventh  year  [1874]  of  Her 
Majesty's  reign,  and  chaiitered  thirty,  and  the  acts  a'nending  the  same,  shall  be  a 
member  of  the  said  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario, 

§  IV.  Every  person  hereafter  registered  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall 
also  be  a  member  of  the  said  college. 

§  V.  There  shall  be  a  council  of  the  said  College  of  Pliysiciaus  and  Surgeons 
of  Ontario  to  be  appointed  in  the  manner  hereiaafter  provided  for  in  this  act,  and 
referred  to  in  this  act  as  "  The  Council." 

§  VI.     The  council  shall  be  composed  of  the  following  persons:  — 

Firstly.  One  member  to  be  chosen  from  each  of  the  colleges  and  bodies 
hereinafter  designated,  to-wit:  The  University  of  Toronto;  Queen's  University  and 
College  of  Kingston;  University  of  Victoria  College;  University  of  Trinity  College; 
Royal  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Kitigstou;  Toronto  Scliool  of  Medicine; 
Trinity  Medical  School,  and  of  every  other  college  or  body  in  the  Province  now  by 
law  authorized,  or  which  n>ay  be  hereafter  authorized,  to  establish  a  medical 
faculty  in  connection  therewith,  and  to  grant  degrees  in  medicine  and  surgery  or 
other  certificates  of  qualification  to  practice  the  same. 

2.  No  teacher,  professor  or  lecturer  of  any  of  the  before-mentioned  colleges 
or  bodies  shall  hold  a  seat  in  ♦he  council,  except  as  h  representative  of  the  college 
or  body  to  which  he  belongs. 

3.  All  members  of  the  council,  representing  the  colleges  or  bodies  aforesaid, 
shall  be  practitioners  duly  registered  under  this  act  or  the  acts  mentioned  in 
section  three  of  this  act. 

Secondly.  Five  members  to  be  duly  elected  by  the  licensed  practitioners  in 
homoeopathy  who  have  been  registered  under  this  act,  or  under,  the  -peoTisions  in 


aevero  oxuui- 
riculates  who 
3  satiHfy  our 


f   pbyaiciana, 
ihabitantH  to 


Ay  of  the  ProT- 


riited  under  the 
tnrio,"  shall  be 
shmeut  ii  body 
a  common  seal, 
xl  estate  for  the 
snnl    with   such 

tlie  net  passed 
;1  thirty-four,  of 
r  said  Majesty, 
r  [1874]  of  Her 
ime,  shall  be  a 

of  this  act  shall 

IS  and  Sur(^eons 
in  this  act,  and 

i: — 

gdS  and  bodies 
^  University  and 
Trinity  College; 
3ol  of  Medicine; 
Province  now  by 
blish  a  medical 
and  surgery  or 

utioned  colleges 
e  of  the  college 

todies  aforesaid, 
,s   mentioned  in 

practitioners  in 
he  pcoTisioos  in 


04NADA— ONTARIO. 


81 


that  behalf  of  any  of  the  acts  mentioned  in  section  three  of  this  act;  and  the  five 
representatives  of  the  eclectic  system  in  the  said  council  on  the  twenty-fourth  day 
of  March,  1874,  shall  be  continued  as  such  representatives  for  a  period  of  Ave 
years  from  said  date,  when  such  representatives  in  the  council  shall  cease  and 
determine;  and  if  any  vacancy  occurs  during  the  said  period,  such  vacancy  may  be 
filled  as  hereinafter  mentioned. 

Thirdly.  Twelve  members  to  be  elected  in  the  manner  hereinafter  provided 
from  amongst  and  by  the  registered  members  of  the  profession  other  than  those 
mentioned  in  the  preceding  sub-sections  of  this  section. 

2.  The  twelve  members  to  be  elected  as  aforesaid  shall  be  residents  of  the 
several  territorial  divisions  for  which  they  are  elected;  and  one  member  shall  be  so 
elected  from  each  of  the  territorial  diyisions  mentioned  in  Schedule  A  to  this  act 
annexed,  by  the  registered  practitioners  of  medicine  resident  in  such  division;  and 
the  manner  of  holding  snch  election  shall,  with  respect  to  the  time  thereof  and  the 
taking  the  votes  therefor,  be  determined  by  a  liy-law  to  be  passed  by  the  Cituncil 
*         *         *         or  prescribed  by  the  lieutenant-governor. 

*5  VII.  The  members  of  the  council  shall  be  elected  or  appointed,  as  the  case 
may  be,  for  a  period  of  five  years;  but  any  member  may  resign  his  appointment  at 
any  time  by  letter  addressed  to  the  preside;it  or  registrar  of  the  council;  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  registrar  forthwith  to  notify  the  college  or  body  wherein  that 
vacancy  has  occurred;  and  such  college  or  body  shall  have  the  power  to  nominate 
another  duly-(iualitied  person  to  fill  sucli  vacancy;  or  if  the  vacancy  be  caused  by 
the  death  of  any  member  elected  from  a  territorial  division,  the  registrar  shall 
forthwith  cause  a  new  election  U.  be  held  in  sucli  territorial  division  in  such 
manner  as  maybe  provided  for  by  by-law  of  the  council;  and  >!uch  election  shall  be 
conducted  in  accordance  with  the  by-laws  and  regulations  of  the  council,  but  it 
shall  be  lawful  for  the  council,  during  such  vacancy,  to  exercise  the  powers  herein- 
after mentioned. 

2.  ,  In  the  event  of  tlie  death  or  resignation  of  any  member  of  the  council 
representing  tlie  practitioners  of  the  homoeopathic  or  eclectic  systems  of  medicine 
respectively,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  remaining  representatives  of  homoeopathy 
or  the  eclectic  system  respectively,  in  the  council,  to  fill  such  vacancy  by  selecting 
from  amongst  the  duly-registered  practitioners  in  homoeopathy  or  the  eclectic 
system  respectively,  a  person  to  fill  the  said  vacancy,  caused  either  by  death  or 
resignation. 

§  VIII.  The  persons  entitled  to  vote  under  this  act  at  any  election  shall  be  all 
d'lly  registered  practitioners. 

§  IX.  Any  member  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario 
may  have  his  name  transferred  from  one  class  of  voters  to  anotlier  class,  on  his 
presenting  to  the  registrar  a  certificate  duly  signed  by  such  member  or  members 
of  the  board  of  examiners  appointed  by  the  council  to  examine  candidates  on  the 
subjects  specified  in  this  act,  aa  peculiar  to  each  school  of  medicine,  testifying 
that  the  member  so, applying  to  have  his  name  so  transferred  has  shown  a  sufBcient 
knowledge  of  the  system  of  medicine  he  desires  to  connect  himself  with  to  entitle 
him  to  be  admiitt-?  to  the  class  he  desires,  and  being  so  admitted  he  shall  be 
entitled  to  vote  in  iliat  class  only. 

2.  No  member  shall  be  entitled  to  return  to  the  class  from  which  he  has  been 
80  transferred  without  the  sanction  of  the  council;  but  no  member  shall  at  any 
time  be  entitled  to  vote  in  more  than  one  class  of  the  voters  who,  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  vote  in  the  election  of  the  members  of  the  council ; 


1     » 


82 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Bnd  there  Hhall  be  puyiible  to  the  rcf^istrar  for  nuch  trnnsfer  tlie  sarue  churjre  «»  is 
nsual  for  the  regiHtration  of  an  additional  qualification,  namely,  two  dollars. 

S  X.  In  case  of  any  doubt  or  dispute  as  to  the  legality  of  the  election  of  any 
member  of  the  council,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  council  to  hold  an  inquiry  and 
decide  who  is  the  legally  elected  member  of  tlie  council:  and  the  person  whom 
they  decide  to  have  been  elected  shall  be.  and  "ue  deemed  to  be.  the  member  legally 
elected;  and  if  such  election  is  found  to  have  been  illegal,  the  council  shall  have 
power  to  order  a  new  election. 

!^  XI.  The  said  elected  members  of  tlie  council  shall,  together  with  (he 
members  to  be  ajipointed  by  tlie  several  colleges  and  bodies  as  mentioned  in 
section  six  of  this  act,  hold  their  first  meeting  at  such  time  and  place  as  may  be 
fixed  by  by-law  of  the  council;  and  shall  make  such  rules  and  regulations  as  to  the 
times  and  i)laces  of  sul)se(iuent  meetings  of  the  council,  the  mode  of  summoning 
the  same,  as  to  them  seems  expedient;  which  rules  and  regulations  shall  remain  in 
force  till  altered  at  any  subsequent  meeting;  and  in  the  absence  of  any  rules  or 
regulations  as  to  the  summoning  of  future  meetings  of  the  council,  it  shall  be 
lawful  for  the  jiresident  thereof,  or,  in  the  event  of  his  absence  or  death,  for  the 
registrar  to  summon  the  same  at  such  time  and  place  as  to  him  seems  tii.  by 
circular  letter,  to  be  mailed  to  each  member. 

'  2.  At  least  two  weeks'  notice  of  such  meeting  shall  be  given;  and  m  the  event 
of  the  absence  of  the  president  from  any  meeting,  the  vice-president,  or,  in  his 
absence  some  other  memlier.  to  be  chosen  from  among  the  members  jiresent.  shall 
act  as  president. 

:l.  All  the  acts  of  the  council  shall  be  decided  by  the  majority  of  the  members 
present,  not  being  less  thiin  nine  in  number. 

4,     At  all  meetings,  the  president  for  the  time  being  shall  have  a  casting  vote 

only. 

§  XII.     There  shall   be   paid   to  the   members  of    the  council   such  fees  for 

attendance,  and  such  reasonable  traveling  expenses,  as  may  from  time  to  time  be 

fixed  by  by-law  i)assed  by  the  said  council. 

i^  XIII.  The  council  shall  annually  a|>point  a  president,  vice-president,  regis- 
trar treasurer,  and  such  other  officers  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  necessary  for 
the  working  of  this  act,  who  shall  hold  office  during  the  pleasure  of  the  council; 
and  the  said  council  shall  have  power  to  fix  by  by-law,  or  from  time  to  time,  the 
salaries  or  fees  to  be  paid  to  such  officers,  and  to  the  board  of  examiners  herein- 
after appointed. 

^  XIV.  The  council  shall  appoint  annually  from  among  its  members  an 
"  executive  committee,"  to  take  cognizance  of  and  action  upon  all  such  matters  as 
may  be  delegated  to  it  by  the  council,  or  such  as  may  reciuire  immediate  interfer- 
ence or  attention  between  the  adjournment  of  the  council  and  its  next  meeting; 
aii'l  all  such  acts  shall  be  va'id  only  until  the  next  ensuing  meeting  of  the  council; 
but  such  committee  shall  have  no  power  to  alter,  repeal  or  suspend  any  by-law  of 

the  council. 

Division  Assort  at  ions. 

la  XV.  In  each  of  the  territorial  divisions  described  in  Schedule  A  of  this  net, 
there  may  be  established  a  "  territorial  division  medical  association."  which  may 
be  called  "The  Division  Association"  of  such  division;  every  member  of  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario,  resident  within  said  territorial 
division,  shall  be  a  member,  and  the  representative  in  the  council  shall  be  e/x-officio 
chairman  of  such  division  association. 

8  XVI.     The  said  division  association  may,  from  time  to  time,  fiiibmit  to  the 


e  chiirff*'  HH  is 
dollurp. 
lection  of  any 
II  inquiry  and 
ptTHOL  whom 
leirtK-r  lefjally 
icii  sliull  liHve 

liier  witli  (lie 
inetilioiied  in 
ace  as  may  be 
tioiis  as  to  the 
)f  summonin;^ 
lall  reiniiiii  in 
f  any  rules  or 
cil,  it  shall  be 
death,  for  the 
seeius    tit.  by 

id  in  the  event 
lent,  or,  in  his 
i  present,  shall 

f  the  members 

ii  casting  vote 

such  fees  for 
me  to  time  be 

resident,  regis- 
'.  necessary  for 
>f  the  council; 
le  to  time,  the 
miners  herein- 

'  members  au 
uch  matters  as 
(diate  interfer- 
next  meeting; 
af  the  council; 
any  by-law  of 


B  A  of  thip  act, 
a."  which  may 
leiiiber  of  the 
<aid  territorial 
ill  be  ex-officio 

RTibmit  to  the 


CANADA  ONTARIO. 


88 


council  a  tariff,  or  tariffs,  of  professional  fees,  suitable  to  their  division,  or  to 
separate  portions  of  their  division;  and  upon  the  said  tariff  or  tariffs  of  fees 
receiving  the  approval  of  the  council,  signitieil  by  (he  seal  of  the  college  and  by 
the  signature  of  the  president  thereof  being  appended  there(o,  such  (ariff  or  tariffs 
shall  be  held  to  be  a  scale  of  reasonable  charges  within  the  meaning  of  sectiou 
thirty-five  of  this  net,  for  the  division  or  section  of  a  division  where  the  member 
making  the  vharge  resides. 

Meiliral  Kihicdtioii. 

§  XVIJ.  I'he  council  shall  have  power  and  authority  to  appoint  an  examiner, 
or  examiners,  for  the  admission  of  idl  students  to  the  niatriculatiim  or  prelim- 
inary examination,  and  to  make  by-laws  and  regulations  for  determining  the 
admission  and  enrollment  of  students;  but  an)  change  in  the  curricuhini  of  studies 
ttxed  by  the  council  shall  not  come  into  efl'tct  mi(il  one  year  after  such  change  is 
made. 

2.  Until  a  homceopathic  medical  college  for  teaching  pnr[)oses  is  established 
in  Oniario,  candidates  wishing  to  be  registered  as  honneopathists  shall  pass  the 
matriculation  examination  established  by  tiiis.act.  as  the  [.reliminary  examination 
for  all  students  in  medicine,  and  shall  present  evidence  of  having  spen:  the  full 
period  of  study  required  by  the  curriculum  of  the  council,  under  thr  suiiervision 
of  a  duly  registered  liomteopathic  practitioner. 

ii.  For  a  period  of  four  years  from  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  March,  1874, 
such  homceopathic  students  may  pass  their  matriculation  examination  at  any  time 
prior  to  the  passing  of  their  professional  examination. 

4.  Such  candidates  must  also  have  conii)lied  with  the  full  curriculum  of 
studies  i)rescribed  from  time  to  time  by  the  council  for  medical  students,  but  the 
full  time  of  attendance  upon  lectures  and  hospitals  required  by  the  curriculum  of 
the  council  may  be  spent  in  such  homcBoi)atliic  medical  colleges  in  the  United 
States  or  Europe  as  may  be  recognized  by  a  majority  of  the  hoinfeopathie  mem- 
bers of  the  council;  but  in  all  homreopathic  colleges  where  the  winter  course  of 
lectures  is.  only  of  four  months'  duration,  certitied  tickets  of  attendance  on  one 
such  courre  shall  bo  held  to  be  equivalent  to  two-thirds  of  one  six  months'  course, 
as  required  by  the  council;  and  when  such  teaching  body  has  been  established  in 
Ontario,  it  shall  be  optional  for  sucli  candidates  to  pursue  in  part  or  in  full  the 
required  curriculum  in  Ontario. 

§  XVIII.  The  council  shall  from  time  to  time,  as  it  may  deem  expedient, 
enact  by-laws  as  to  the  terms  upon  which  it  will  receive  the  matriculation  and 
other  certificates  of  colleges  and  other  institutions  not  in  the  Province  of  Ontario. 
§  XIX.  Any  graduate  or  any  student  having  matriculated  in  arts  in  any  uni- 
versity of  her  majesty's  dominions,  shall  not  be  required  to  pass  the  preliminary 
examination. 

§  XX.  The  council  shall  have  power  and  authority  to  fix  and  determine,  from 
time  to  time,  a  curriculum  of  studies  to  be  jnirsued  by  the  students,  and  such 
curriculum  of  studies  shall  be  observed  and  taught  by  all  colleges  referred  to  in 
section  six  of  this  act. 

Medical  Registration. 

§  XXI.    The  council  shall  cause  to  be  kept  by  an  officer  appointed  by  them, 

and  to  be  called  the  registrar,  a  book  or  register,  in  which  shall  be  entered  the 

name  of  every  person  registered  according  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  the 

acts  mentioned  in  the  third  section  of  this  act;  and  from  time  to  time  the  names 

8 


jL- 


84 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Il 


of  nil  |iur!<oui<  who  have  complied  with  the  enactmeutH  hereinaftei'  oontniiied,  and 
with  the  ruleH  and  regulationn  made  or  to  be  made  by  the  council  renpoctinj;  the 
qunlittcutionri  to  1)6  rccjuired  from  prnctitioners  of  medicine,  flnrgery  and  mid- 
wifery ill  thi^  Province;  and  those  pernons  only  whose  names  are  inscribed  in  the 
book  or  rcijister  nbove  mentioned,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  i|iialitied  and  licenned  to 
.  practice  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery  in  this  Province,  except  as  liereinafter 
provided;  and  such  book  or  •'egister  shall  at  all  timen  be  o)>en,  and  subject  to 
inspection  by  any  duly  registered  practitioner  in  Ontario,  or  by  any  rther  person. 

§  X.\II.  li  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registrar  to  keep  his  register  ;'orrect,  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  the  rules,  orders  and  regulations 
of  the  council,  and  he  shall  from  time  to  time  make  the  necessary  alterations  in 
the  addresses  or  (lualitications  of  the  persons  registered  under  this  act;  and  the 
Raid  registrar  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  imposed  upon  him  by  the 
council. 

§  XXIII.  It  shall  be  optional  for  the  council  to  admit  to  registration  all 
such  persons  as  are  duly  registered  in  the  Medical  Register  of  Great  Britain,  or 
are  otherwise  authorized  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery  in  the  United 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  upon  such  terms  as  the  council  may  deem 
expedient. 

2.  Any  person  who  was  actually  practicing  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery, 
or  any  of  them,  in  Ontario,  prior  lo  the  first  of  January,  18r)0,  and  who  has 
attondeil  one  course  of  lectures  at  any  recognized  medical  scliool,  shall,  upon  such 
proof  as  the  council  may  require,  be  entitled  to  registration  under  this  act. 

.3.  Any  person  who  was  actually  practicing  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery 
according  to  tlie  i)rinciples  of  liouKHopatliy  or  the  eclectic  system  of  medicine, 
before  the  first  day  of  January,  1850,  and  for  the  six  years  preceding  the  twenty- 
fourth  day  of  March,  1874,  in  Ontario,  may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  representatives 
of  the  homtfiopntliic  or  eclectic  system  of  medicine,  respectively,  be  admitted  to 
registration  under  this  act. 

§  XXIV.  P'very  person  who  possesses  any  one  or  more  of  the  qualifications 
dated  prior  to  the  twenty-third  day  of  July,  1870,  shall,  on  payment  of  a  fee  to  be 
fixed  by  by-law  of  the  council,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  be  entitled  to  be  regis- 
tered, on  producing  to  the  registrar  the  document  conferring  or  evidencing  the 
qualification,  or  such  of  the  qualificatiims,  in  respect  whereof  he  seeks  to  be  so 
registered,  or  upon  transmitting  by  post  to  the  registrar  information  of  his  name 
and  address,  and  evidence  of  the  <)ualification  in  respect  whereof  he  seeks  to  be 
registered,  and  of  the  time  or  times  at  which  the  same  was  attained;  but  no  one 
registered  under  the  acts  mentioned  in  the  third  section  of  this  act  shall  be  liable 
to  pay  any  fee  for  being  registered  under  this  act. 

§  XXV.  E"-  •  person  desirous  of  being  registered  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  and  w  .<id  not  become  possessed  of  any  one  of  the  qualifications  before 
the  twenty-third  day  of  July,  1870,  shall,  before  being  entitled  to  registration, 
present  himself  for  examination  as  to  his  knowledge  and  skill  for  the  efQcient 
practice  of  his  profession,  before  the  board  of  examiners  in  the  twenty-eighth 
section  mentioned;  and  upon  passing  the  examination  required,  and  proving  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  board  of  examiners  that  he  has  complied  with  the  rules  and 
regulations  made  by  the  council,  and  on  the  payment  of  such  fees  as  the  council 
may,  by  general  by-law,  establish,  such  person  shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered, 
and,  in  virtue  of  such  registration,  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery  in 
this  Province. 


«■■! 


CANADA— ONTARIO. 


85 


lontaiiied,  and 
espocting  the 
ery  and  mid- 
Hcribed  in  the 
id  licensed  to 
US  hereinafter 
nd  subject  to 

rther  person, 
ter  correct,  in 
id  regulations 

alterations  in 
■t  act;  and  the 
lon  him  by  the 

pgistration  all 
•eat  Britain,  or 
1  in  the  United 
ncil  may  deem 

or  midwifery, 

I  and  who  has 
liall,  upon  such 
his  act. 

T  or  midwifery 

II  of  medicine, 
ing  the  twenty- 
representatives 
be  admitted  to 

e  qualiflcationa 
t  of  a  fee  to  be 
led  to  be  regis- 
evidenciug  the 
seeks  to  bo  so 
on  of  his  name 
he  seeks  to  be 
led;  but  no  one 
it  shall  be  liable 

16  provisions  of 
ifications  before 
to  registration, 
for  the  efficient 
,e  twenty-eighth 
and  proving  to 
ith  the  rules  and 
)s  as  the  council 
o  be  registered, 
nd  midwifery  in 


g  XXVI.  When  and  as  soon  as  it  appears  that  there' lias  been  established  a 
"Central  Examining  Board,"  similar  to  that  constituted  by  this  act.  or  an  institu- 
tion duly  recognized  by  the  legislature  of  any  of  the  p-ovinces  forming  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  other  than  Ontario,  as  the  sole  examining  body  for  the 
purpose  of  granting  certittcatea  of  iiualiftcatioii.  and  wherein  the  curriculum  is 
equal  to  that  estalilishod  in  Ontario,  the  hoVXvr  of  any  such  certiflcate  shall,  upon 
due  proof,  be  entitli-d  to  registration  by  the  council  of  ( )ntario,  if  the  same  privi- 
lege is  accorded  by  such  examining  board  or  institution  to  those  holding  certificates 
in  Ontario. 

g  XXVII.  Each  member  of  the  college  shall  pay  to  the  registrar,  or  any 
person  deputed  by  tiie  registrar  to  receive  it,sucli  nnniial  fee  us  may  be  determined 
by  by-law  of  the  council,  not  less  than  one  nor  more  than  two  dollars,  towards  the 
general  expenses  of  the  college,  which  last  mentioned  fee  shall  be  payable  on  the 
first  day  of  January,  in  the  year  in  whicli  the  same  is  imposed;  and  such  fee  shall 
be  deemed  to  bo  a  debt  due  by  the  member  to  the  college,  and  be  recoverable  with 
costs  of  suit  in  the  name  of  tiie  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario, 
in  the  division  court  where  the  member  resides. 

§  XXVIII.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  council  in  each  year,  there  slmll  be 
elected  by  the  members  of  the  said  council  a  "  Board  of  Examiners,"  whose  duty 
it  shall  be  at  least  once  in  each  year  to  examine  all  candidates  for  registration  in 
accordance  with  the  by-laws,  rules  and  regulations  of  the  council;  such  examin.i- 
tions  to  »  1  held  at  Toronto  or  Kingston  at  such  time  and  in  such  manner  as  the 
council  may  by  law  direct. 

§  XXIX.  The  board  of  examiners  appointed  under  the  previous  section  shall 
be  composed  as  follows:  One  member  from  each  of  the  teaching  bodies  now 
existing,  referred  to  in  the  sixth  section  of  this  act,  and  one  from  every  other 
school  of  medicine  wliicii  may  be  hereafter  organized  in  connection  with  any 
university  or  college  which  is  empowered  by  law  to  grant  medical  or  surgical 
diplomas ;  and  a  number,  not  exceeding  five  members,  to  be  chosen  from  among 
those  members  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario  who  are 
unconnected  with  any  of  the  above  teaching  bodies. 

§  XXX.  Any  candidate  who,  at  the  time  of  his  examination,  signifies  his  wish 
to  be  registered  as  a  homceopathic  or  eclectic  practitioner,  shall  not  be  required  to 
pass  an  examination  in  either  materia  medica,  or  therapeutics,  or  in  the  theory  or 
practice  of  physic,  or  in  surgery  or  midwifery,  except  the  operative  priictical  parts 
thereof,  before  any  examiners  other  than  those  approved  of  by  the  representatives 
in  the  council  of  the  body  to  which  he  signifies  his  wish  to  belong, 

§  XXXI.  The  council  shall  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion  may  require,  make 
orders,  regulations  or  by-laws  for  regulating  the  registers  to  be  kept  under  this  act, 
and  the  fees  to  be  paid  for  registration,  and  shall  from  time  to  time  make  rules 
and  regulations  for  the  guidance  of  the  board  of  examiners,  and  may  prescribe 
the  subjects  and  modes  of  the  examinations,  the  time  and  place  of  holding  the 
same,  and  generally  may  make  all  such  rules  and  regulations  in  respect  of  such 
examinations  not  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  as  tliey  may  deem  expe- 
dient and  necessary. 

§  XXXII.  Every  person  registered  under  this  act  who  obtains  any  higher 
degree  or  qualification  other  than  the  qualification  in  respect  of  which  he  has  been 
registered,  shall  be  entitled  to  have  such  higher  degree  or  additional  qualification 
inserted  in  the  register  in  substitution  for,  or  in  addition  to,  the  qualification  pre- 
viously registered,  on  the  payment  of  such  fees  as  the  council  may  appoint. 


m 


MEDICAL  liAVVH  AND  INHTITUTIONH. 


14  XXXIll.  N..  <,n.klittc.ition  .hull  be  entered  on  the  re^'iMer.  either  ..n  the  tir.t 
reui-itrath.n  o-  l.y  way  ..f  .uhtiti-n  to  a  reRi^tered  name.  uuU-sh  the  re^i.trar  ,. 
Ui^h"  hy  proper  evidenee  .ha,  the  per.on  ehun.in,  i.  entitU-d  to  .t;  and  any 
appeal  fron/the  decision  of  the  registrar  ,n.,v  he  deeided  hy  ,he  eouncd;  an.  -u.y 
ontry  provd  to  the  Hati.faetiou  of  the  council  to  have  l.een  fraudulently  or  nu.,r- 
rec.ly  made,  .uay  he  craned  frou,  the  rcK'iHter  hy  an  order  in  writing  of  the  conned 
o  I„  the  event  of  th.'  r.-Kislrar  I.eiuK  dissatistied  with  the  evidence  adduced 
by  the  person  ch.in>i«K  to  l.e  rcKistered.  he  shall  have  the  power,  subject  to  an 
app..al  o  ,he  council,  of  refusing  the  ««id  rcKislration  u.  h.  person  chun..n«  ,o 
„1,  ,.,.,Mstered  has  furnished  such  evidence,  duly  attesteu  oy  oath  or  albr.natmn 
before  the   'udKe  of  the  county  court  of  any  county.  .  ,    ,     , 

is  XXXIV  Any  rcKisten^d  medical  practitioner  who  has  hen  convicted  of  any 
felony  in  a..y  '"onrt  shall  thereby  forfeit  his  riKht  ,o  registration,  and  by  d.re.'tu.n 
of  the  council,  his  name  shall  beerased  fron.  thercKister-.or  in  case  a  person  known 
to  have  been  cmvicted  of  fel.my  pres..n,s  hiu,self  for  rcKistration.  the  registrar 
shall  have  power  to  refuse  such  registration. 

IHiiIiIk  of  Hiyinleriil  I'l-dctitioiifi-H. 
15  XXXV  Every  person  rcKistered  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be 
entitled.'accordin«  to  his  .|ualification  .n-  ..ualiiications,  to  practice  medicme  sur- 
«e  v,  or  nudwifer;-.  or  any  of  then,,  as  the  case  n>ay  be.  in  the  l>rov.nce  of  Ontarn^ 
and  o  demand  and  recover  it.  any  court  of  law.  with  full  costs  of  su.t.  reasonabl 
char^..s  for  professional  aid.  advice,  and  visits,  and  the  cost  of  any  n.edu-.ne  o, 
other  medical  or  surKical  appliances  rendered  or  supplied  by  hin.  to  Ins   patumts. 

I'lihliriilii'il  "f  /Al/'-'>'<"''- 
!4  XXXVI      The  registrar  of  the  council  shall  from  time  to  time  under  the  direc 
tion  of  the  council,  cause  to  be  printed  and  published  a  correct  register  of  thenan.es 
„,  ,,    ,„.,.,t,.,.,  order  according  to  the   surna.nes,  with  the  respective   residences 
together  with  the  nu-dical  titles,  diplomas  and  ..ualitications  conferred  by  any  college 
or  bodv.  with  the  dates  thereof, of  all  i.ersons  appearing  on  the  register  as  exis  ing 
on  the'day  of  publication;  and  such  register  shall  be  called  "The  ..ntano  Medical 
Register;"  and  a   copy  of  such  register  for  the  time  being,  purporting  to  be  so 
printed  and  ..ublished  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  prima  facie,  evidence  ,n  all  couns  and 
E    o  e  a  1  justices  of  the  peace,  and  others,  that  the  persons  therein  specified  «r 
registered  L-ording  to  the  provisions  of  this  act;  and.  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
Tsection  two  of  U.is  section,  the  absence  of  the  na.ne  of  any  person  from  s„  h 
copy  shall  be  prinn.  facie  evidence  that  such  person  is  not  registered  according  to 
the  provisions  of  this  net.  .  , 

2  In  the  case  of  any  person  whose  name  does  not  appear  m  suc.i  copy  a 
certitied  copy  under  the  hand  of  the  registrar  of  the  council,  of  the  entry  o  the 
name  of  such  person  on  the  register,  shall  be  evidence  that  such  person  t«  registered 

under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Offenses  and  Penalties. 
&  XXXVII  Any  person  entitled  to  be  registered  under  this  net,  but  who  neg- 
lects or  omits'to  be  so  registered,  shall  not  be  entitled  to  any  of  the  nghts  or 
prt  ile'es  conferred  by  registration  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  so  long  as  such 
n  lelro:  omission  continues,  and  he  shall  be  liable  to  all  the  penalties  imposed 
by  this  act,  or  by  any  other  act  in  force  against  nnaualified  or  unregistered  practi- 
tioners. 


•r  oil  tlip  flrnt 

I  rcgJHtrnr  \* 
it;  and  auy 

[icil;  lint'  any 
itly  or  incor- 
f  ttie  counoi). 
'iicf  atUliuH'd 
subject  to  an 

II  clainiinii  to 
ir  alljniiiitiou 

ivictcd  of  any 
I  by  tliiirtioii 
xTwoii  known 
the  registrar 


<  net  r^liall  be 
mcilicine,  (»ur- 
ici'  of  Ontario, 
lit.  reasonable 
y  nit'ilii'iiii'  or 
I  his   patients. 

luier  tliedirec- 
■rof  the  names 
ve   residences, 

by  any  college 
Iter  as  existing 
ntario  Medical 
rting  to  be  so 

all  courts,  and 
in  specified  are 
e  provisions  of 
rson  from  such 
?d  according  to 

n  such  copy,  a 
le  entry  of  the 
on  is  registered 


it,  but  who  neg- 
if  the  rights  or 
so  long  as  such 
nalties  imposed 
'gistered  practi- 


OANADA     ONIMUd. 


87 


«}  XXXVIII.  If  the  registrar  makesor  causes  to  be  made  any  wilKiil  I'ajsitlea- 
tion  in  iriy  matter  relating  to  the  register,  he  slmll  incur  a  penalty  of  tifty  dollars, 
and  shall  l)e  disijualitled  from  again  holding  that  position. 

!}  XXXI.X.  If  any  person  j>rocures  or  causes  to  l>e  procured  his  registration 
under  this  act,  by  means  of  any  false  or  fraudulent  i-epresenlation  or  declaration, 
either  verbally  or  in  writing,  it  shall  be  IuwInI  for  the  registrar,  upon  the  receipt  of 
sutUcient  evidence  of  the  falsity  or  fraudulent  ch;iracter  of  such  rejiresentation  or 
declaration,  to  represent  the  matter  to  the  council,  and  upon  the  written  order  of 
tht'  president,  attested  by  the  seal  of  the  college,  to  erase  the  names  of  such  persons 
from  tliv  register,  and  to  make  known  the  fact  and  cause  of  such  erasure  by  notice 
to  be  t>ul>lislied  in  the  Onlnrio  iltizelti-;  and  after  such  notice  has  appeared  the 
person  whose  name  has  been  erased  as  aforesaid  shall  cease  to  be  a  member  of  the 
OoUege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario,  and  shall  cease  to  enjoy  any  of 
the  privileges  conferred  by  registration  under  this  act  at  any  future  tinu',  withinit 
the  express  sanction  of  the  council. 

S  2.  If  any  person  willfully  procures  oi'  attempts  to  procuie  himself  to  lie 
registered  under  this  act,  by  making  any  false  or  fraudulent  rei)resentation  or 
dechiration.  either  verbally  or  in  writing,  he  shall,  on  (ronviction  thereof  before  any 
justice  of  the  peace,  incur  a  jienalty  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars;  and  every 
person  knowingly  aiding  and  as^sisting  him  therein  shall,  (m  conviction  thereof. 
i:-2ur  a  penalty  of  not  less  than  twenty  nor  more  than  tifty  dollars  for  each  such 
offense. 

??  XL.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  persons  not  registeretl  to  jiruetice  medi- 
cine, surgery,  or  midwifery  for  hire,  gain,  or  hope  of  reward;  and  if  any  person 
not  registered  pursuant  to  this  net,  for  hire,  gain  or  ho|)e  of  reward  practices  or 
professes  to  practice  medicine,  surgery,  or  midwifery,  or  advertise  to  give  advice  in 
medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  he  shall,  upon  ,i  summary  conviction  thereof  before 
any  justice  of  the  peace,  for  any  and  every  such  ofTense  pay  a  penalty  not 
exceeding  diie  hundred  dollars  nor  less  than  twenty-tive  dollars. 

5}  XLI  Any  person  who  willfully  or  falsely  [iretends  to  be  a  i)hysician.  doctor 
of  niedici  le,  surgeon  or  general  practitioner,  or  '.ssunies  any  title,  addition,  or 
des-ription  other  than  he  actui.iiy  possesses  and  is  legally  entitled  to,  shall  b^ 
liable,  on  conviction  thereof  before  a  justice  of  the  peace,  to  a  penalty  not  exceeding 
fifty  dollars,  nor  less  than  ten  dollars. 

5?  XLII.  Any  person  not  registered  ])ursuant  to  this  act.  who  takes  or  uses 
any  name,  title,  addition  or  description  imjilying  or  calculated  to  lead  people  to 
infer  that  he  is  registered  under  this  act,  or  that  he  is  recognized  by  law  as  a  i>hysi- 
ciun,  surgeon,  accoucher,  or  a  licentiate  in  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  shall  be 
liable,  upon  a  summary  conviction  thereof  before  any  justice  of  the  peace,  to  pay 
nny  penalty  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars,  nor  less  than  twenty-five  dollar:;. 

j?  XLIII.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  recover  iny  charge  in  ;uiy  court  of 
law  for  any  medical  or  surgical  advice,  or  for  attendance,  or  for  the  performance 
of  any  operation,  or  for  any  n^ydicine  which  he  may  have  prescribed  or  supplied, 
unless  he  is  registered  under  this  act;  but  this  section  shall  not  extend  to  the  sale 
of  any  drug  or  medicine  by  any  duly  licensed  chemist  or  druggist. 

XLIV.  No  person  shall  be  appointed  as  medical  oflicer,  physician  or  surgeon, 
in  any  branch  of  the  public  .service  of  this  Province,  or  in  any  hospital  or  other 
charitable  institution  not  supported  wholly  by  voluntarj  contributions,  unless  he  ix 
registered  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sj  XLV.     No  certificate  required  by  any  act  now    in  force,  or  t':;it  !;■.,■  y  here- 


Brii 


88 


MEDICAL  lAWS  AND  INHTITUTlONS. 


after  be  ,m...ed.  from  any  phyHiclan  ..r  M.rKeon  or  .n.Hlirnl  ,.r.u-t.t.o,..r.  hI..UI  ne 
vnli.l  tml.-t.H  thi«  v'THon  MKninn  the  Ham..  U  r.-KiHt.'n.d  umU-r  tlui.  lu-t. 

ti  XI A' I  All)  pr<'«'cutioii  niuLT  thin  iic-t  may  be  brouKlit  or  heard  before  any 
one  or  more  of  l.er  majeHtyV  juHticen  of  the  ,.eace  having  jurisdiction  where  »uy 
«„oh  offense  hn«  been  committed;  and  nuch  justice  or  justicen  nmy  award  payment 
of  costs  in  addition  to  the  penalty;  and  in  case  the  penalty  or  co8ts  awarded  by 
him  or  them  are  not.  upon  conviction,  forthwith  paid,  may  commit  the  offender  to 
the  comnu.n  ^aol.  there  to  be  imprisoned,  for  .iuy  term  not  exceeding  one  month, 
nnlesn  the  penalty  and  costn  are  sooner  paid.  ' 

is  XIAII  All  prosecutions  against  any  one  acting  in  cont:avention  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act.  shall  take  place  in  accorda..ce  with  Th.  Art  res,,.rtinu  Sum- 
mary Convirtwiifi  lii'/tn-e  Jiistiri-s  of  the  fence. 

^  XLVIII      Any  person  convicted  under  this  act,  xwho  Kives  notice  of  appeal 

uKKinst  the  decision   of   the  convicting   justice,  shall   be   re,,uired.  before    ben.K 

released  from  custody,  to  ^ive  said  justice  satisfactory  security  for  the  au.ount  <.t 

the  iicnalty,  costs  of  conviction  and  appeal.  .... 

S  XLIX.     In  any  trial  under  this  act  the  burden  of  proof  as  to  the  registration 

shall  be  upon  the  person  charjjed.  •      i  »„  i.o 

^  L  In  all  cases  where  proof  of  rt^Kistratiou  under  this  act  is  re.iu.red  to  be 
,„Hd;,  the  production  of  a  printed  or  other  copy  of  the  re»,ister.  certified  under  the 
,„„d  of  the  registrar  of  the  council  for  the  time  beinK,  shal-  be  suilicient  evidence 
„f  all  persons  who  are  registered  practitioners,  in  lieu  of  the  production  of  the 
original  rcRister;  and  any  certificate  upon  such  printed  or  other  coi.y  of  the  register 
purportii.K  to  be  signed  by  any  person  in  his  capacity  of  registrar  of  the  council 
under  this  act.  shall  be  prima  facie  e,.idence  that  such  person  is  such  registrar, 
without  any  proof  of  his  siKuature  or  of  his  being  in  fact  such  registrar. 

l^  LI.  "  Every  prosecution  under  this  act  shall  be  commenced  withm  one  year 

from  the  date  of  the  alleg<'d  offence.  ...  ,    r 

^  LIL     The  council,  by  an  orde.  signed  by  the  president,  having  the  seal  of 

the  college  apj.ended  thereto,  may  stay  proceedings  in  any  prosecution  under  this 

act  where  it  is  deemed  expedient. 

!4  LIII  All  |.enallies  recoverable  under  this  act  shall  be  paid  to  the  convicting 
■justice,  and  by  him  be  paid  to  the  registrar  of  the  college,  and  shall  form  part  of 
the  funds  the;eof.  (2)  Any  person  may  be  prosecutor  or  complainant  under  tins 
net,  and  the  council  may  allot  such  portion  of  the  penalties  recovered  as  may  be 
expedient  towards  tin  payment  of  such  prosecutor. 

5  LIV.  All  m.neys  forming  part  of  the  council  funds  shall  be  paid  to  the 
treasurer,  and  mr  lied  to  carry  this  act  into  execution. 

6  i^v  Th  ?gally  (jualified  medical  practitioner,  "or  "duly  <iualitiecl 
medical  v  or  any  other  words  importing  l«gal  recognition  of  any 
person  .  ..  practitioner  or  member  of  the  medical  profession,  when  used 
in  any  .,  *  nhall.  in  so  far  as  such  act  or  law  applies  to  thiP  Province,  be 
construed  to  mean  a  person  registered  under  this  act. 

Assented  to  March.  1878. 

Dr.  p.  H.  Bryce,  Secretary  of   the  Provincial  Board  of  Health. 

■writes: 

"  Students  who  mav  have  obtained  degrees  from  any  of  the  provin- 
cial Bchoob  or  colleges,  are  required  to  pass  the  same  uniform  evami- 
■      nation,  held  l)y  the  medical  council,  who  have  the  power  of  grantmg 


>ut>r,  fthnll  lie 

rd  liefore  any 
jii  where  BUy 
furil  imyiiu'iit 
H  uwnrded  by 
ic  offender  to 
!){  one  month, 

entiun  of  tlie 
'spectiim  Sum- 

tioe  of  iippenl 

before    lieinjf 

I  lie  amount  of 

lie  re({i!»t  ration 

recjuired  to  he 
ified  under  tlie 
loient  evidence 
idiiotion  of  tlie 
of  the  re),'iKter. 
of  the  council 
such  reni!<tnir. 
trar. 
dthin  one  year 

vin^  the  neal  of 
tion  under  this 

3  the  convictinj^ 

II  form  part  of 
nant  under  this 
;>ved  iiH  may  he 

be  paid  to  the 

"duly  (lualitied 
ijjnition  of  any 
spion.  when  uned 
lip  Province,  be 


rd  (if  Health. 

A  the  provin- 
inifonn  pvaini- 
?ir  of  granting 


CANADA— ON  TAHlo. 


8U 


licenH«'H  to  pincticp,  of  mgiHtrntion.  and  of  proswiiting  irrpgnliirH. 
Thpy  aio  incorintrati'd,  and  rocoive  tlioir  poworH  from  an  act  of  the 
IpgJHlatnrp. 

"Th(»re  ban  boen  more  or  Iohh  diHtiirhancp  regarding  alleged  arbi- 
trary actH  on  the  part  of  nieinberH  of  examining  lioards  towards  Httidents, 
but  this  hart  largely  paHsed  away,  wh''.<<  the  beiietitH  accruing  from  a 
high  standard  and  uniformity  in  examinations  are  now  recognized  on 
all  hands." 

Neither  thiH  act  nor  the  (Quebec  act  Hpecifically  confers  tlie  power 
of  revoking  licenses  for  unprofessivjnal  or  dishonorable  conduct;  but  an 
equivalent  power  would  seem  to  be  implied  in  the  authority  given  to 
the  cotmcil  to  revise  and  coiTect  the  Official  Register.  See  sections 
foregoing,  (>ntitled  "Medical  Registration,"  xxi,  xxii,  xxxi,  xxxiv.  "Pub- 
lication of  Register,"  and  ''Offenses  and  Penalties," 

For  the  Guidance  of  Intending  StudentH. 

[The  following  are  the  Regulations  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  Ontario — the  incor|)orated  organization  charged  with 
the  administration  of  the  Ontario  Medical  Act.  ] 

Beotion  I.  Matuioulation  1.  Every  one  desirous  of  beinj{  re^iBtered  hk  a 
matricaluted  medical  student  in  the  re^rister  of  this  college,  except  as  hereinafter 
provided,  must  present  to  the  registrar  the  official  cerlittcatf  of  havinp  pas,Hed  the 
high  school  intermediate  examination,  with  Latin  included,  whereupon  he  shall  be 
entitled  to  be  so  registered,  upon  the  payment  of  twenty  dcUnrs,  and  giving  proof 
of  his  identity. 

2.  Graduates  in  arts,  or  students  having  matriculated  in  arts  in  any  univerBity 
in  her  maje.sty's  dominions,  are  not  re(|uired  to  puss  this  examination,  but  may 
register  their  names  with  the  registrar  of  the  college,  upon  giving  satisfactory 
evidence  of  their  ijualitications,  and  upon  paying  the  fee  of  twenty  dollars. 

3.  Every  medinal  student  after  matriculating  shall  be  registered  in  the  manner 
prescribed  by  the  council,  and  this  will  be  held  to  be  the  preliminary  to  his  medical 
sttldies,  which  will  only  be  consiilfred  to  beyi)ifid)n  the  ddte  of  such  refiistration. 

%  II.  Medical  Cubhicuhim.  1.  Every  student  must  spend  a  period  of  four 
years  in  actual  professional  studies,  except  as  hereinafter  provided;  and  the 
prescribed  period  of  studies  shall  include  four  winter  sessions  of  six  months  each, 
attended  after  being  registered  as  a  medical  student  in  the  register  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario. 

2.  Graduates  in  arts  of  any  college  or  university  recognized  by  the  council 
will  only  be  recjuired  to  pass  three  years  after  graduating  in  attendance  upon 
medical  lectures,  before  being  admitted  to  their  final  examination.  No  tickets  for 
lectures  will  henceforward  be  accepted  by  the  council  unless  it  is  endorsed  thereon 
that  the  pupil  had  attended  said  lectures  regufarly. 

3.  Applications  for  every  professional  examination  must  be  made  to  the  regis- 
trar of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario,  by  the  last  Tuesday  in 
March  before  such  examination,  and  no  application  will  be  received  unless  accom- 
panied by  the  necessary  tickets  and  certificates,  and  by  the  treasurer's  receipt 
showing  that  the  fees  have  been  paid. 


40 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


4.  Every  student  commenciuK  after  June,  1880  (not  a  graduate  in  arts),  shall 
attend  medical  lectures  for  at  least  four  sessions  of  six  mouths  each. 

5.  Each  "six-months'  course"  shall  consist  of  not  less  than  one  hundred 
lectures. 

6.  Every  student  must  attend  the  undermentioned  courses  of  lectures  in  a 
university,  college  or  school  of  medicine  approved  of  by  the  council,  viz.:  Two 
cou.ses  of  six-mouths  each  upon  anatomy,  practical  anatomy,  physiology 
(including  histology),  tlieoretical  chemistry,  materia  medica  and  therapeutics, 
principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  midwifery 
and  diseases  of  women  and  children,  clinical  medicine,  clinical  surgery,  in 
conformity  with  clause  5;  two  courses  of  three  months  each  upon  medical  juris- 
prudence; one  course  of  three  months  upon  practical  chemistry,  including 
toxicology,  botany;  on-  course  of  not  less  than  twenty-tive  demonstrations  each, 
upon  physiological  pathological  histology;  one  course  of  twenty  lectures  on 
sanitary  science. 

7.  P^very  candidate  will  be  re(iuiied  to  prove  that  he  has  carefully  dissected 
the  whole  adult  human  body. 

8.  I  Here  follows  a  list  of  text-books  recommended  by  the  council.  | 

i).  Graduates  in  arts  who  have  attended  one  course  of  lectures  on  botany  and 
practical  chemistry,  and  two  courses  on  theoretical  chemistry,  and  who  have 
already  passed  an  examination  on  these  subjects  in  any  of  the  recognized  colleges, 
will  not  be  retjuired  to  undergo  a  second  examination  on  the  same,  provided  they 
produce  tickets  for  the  course  of  lectures  stated,  and  a  certificate  of  liaving  passed 
an  examination  on  these  subjects. 

10.  Every  student,  before  being  admitted  to  the  final  examination  hereinafter 
mentioned,  must  have  spent  a  period  of  six  months  in  the  office  of  a  regularly- 
(jualifled  medical  p  ictitioner,*  in  compounding  medicines. 

11.  He  must  have  attended  the  practice  of  n  gene,  al  hospital  for  twenty-four 
months. 

12.  He  must  have  attended  six  cases  of  midwifery. 

13.  He  ?uust,  before  being  registered  as  a  member  of  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons  of  Ontario,  have  passed  all  the  examinations  hereinafter 
prescribed;  and  he  must  have  attained  the  full  age  of  twenty-one  years. 

14  (a)  All  persons  from  recognized  colleges  outside  the  provinces  of  Ontario 
and  Quebec,  who  desire  to  qualify  themselves  for  registration  in  this  college,  must 
pass  th(!  matriculation  examination  recognized  by  the  council,  and  attend  there- 
after one  full  "  winter  course  "  of  lectures,  during  two  winter  sessions,  in  some  one 
of  the  Ontario  medical  schools,  and  such  other  course  or  courses  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  complete  the  curriculum  required  by  the  council,  and  shall  pass,  before 
the  board  of  examiners  appointed  by  the  council,  all  the  examinations  hereinafter 
prescribed.  Graduates  of  such  colleges  as  are  above  referred  to,  who  present 
certificates  of  attendance  upon  thbbe  full  winter  courses  of  lectures,  before  grad- 
uating will  be  required  to  take  one  full  course  of  lectures  in  one  of  the  Ontario 
medical  schools,  which  may,  if  desired,  be  attended  during  one  winter  session. 
This  does  not  apply  to  Homoeopathic  students.f 

(61  Nothing  shall  exempt  residents  of  Ontario,  who,  after  July,  1876,  elect  to 


♦The  words  "regularly  qualified  "  are  applicable  only  to  practitioners  registered  according 

III  law, 

tSee  Med.  Act,  Sect.  xvU.,  sub-sece.  2,  3,  4,  which  provides  fully  for  Homoeopnthlo  candidates, 
I  hill  they  shall  icatrioulate,  and  also  speud  the  full  period  oi'  study  required  by  the  counoil,  etc. 


p  in  tirts),  shall 

1   one    hundred 

f  lectures  iu  k 
iicil,  viz. :  Two 
ly,  pliysiology 
d  thernpeutics, 
Ljery,  midwifery 
wil  surgery,  in 
I  medical  juris- 
istry,  including 
nstrntions  each, 
uty  lectures  on 

fefuUy  dissected 

icil.  1 

!  on  botany  and 
and  who  have 
ignized  colleges, 
i,  provided  they 
f  having  passed 

itiou  hereinafter 
!  of  a  regularly- 

for  twenty-four 


College  of  Phy- 
ions  hereinafter 
years. 

inces  of  Ontario 
his  college,  must 
nd  attend  there - 
ons,  in  some  one 
as  may  be  neces- 
hall  pass,  before 
tions  hereinafter 
to,  who  present 
res,  before  grad- 
le  of  the  Ontario 
!  winter  session. 

ily,  1875,  elect  to 

egistered  according 

eopnthic  candidates, 
J  the  council,  etc. 


CAN.\DA— ONTARIO 


41 


pursue  their  studies  outside  of  the  province  of  ( tntario.  from  passing  four  years 
in  the  pursuit  of  tlieir  profe.ssional  studies,  such  four  years  to  include  attendance 
upon  four  winter  sessions  of  six  months  each,  after  passing  the  matriculation 
examination  recognized  by  the  council. 

{5  III.  Examinations.  1.  The  professional  examinations  are  divided  into  two 
parts,  a  '•  primary  "  and  a  "  final." 

2.  The  primary  examiiiflion  shall  be  under^'one  at  the  end  of  the  second  or 
third  winter  session,  and  the  final  after  the  fourth  winter  session. 

3.  The  following  brnnciies  shall  be  eml)raced  in  the  primary  examinalion:  - 
CI.  descriptive  anatomy;  h,  pliysiology  and  histology;  c.  chemistry,  theoretical; 
d.  chemistry  (practical)  and  toxicology;  c.  materia  medica  and  therapeutics  and 
botany. 

4.  Each  candidate  for  the  primary  examination  will  be  recjuired  to  present 
with  Ills  lecture  tickets  a  certificate  of  iinving  undergone  an  examination  at  the 
school  he  has  attended  at  the  close  of  his  first  winter  session — on  anatomy,  physi- 
ology, chemistry  and  botany.  Such  examination  shall  not,  however,  in  any  way 
affect  the  primary  examination  of  the  council. 

5.  The  following  branches  shall  be  embraced  in  the  final  examinai^iou :  a. 
medical  and  surgical  anatomy;  b.  theory  and  practice  of  medicine;  c.  general 
pathology;  d.  surgery,  other  than  operative;  c.  surgery,  operative;  /.  midwifery 
(other  than  operative),  puerperal  and  infantile  diseases;  g.  midwifery,  o])erative; 
/(.  medical  jurisprudence  and  sanitary  science. 

6.  The  primary  examinations  sh.vU  l)e  entirely  oral.  The  final  examinations 
shall  be  written  and  oral. 

7.  Any  candidate  who  passes  creditaljly  in  three  or  more  brandies,  but  fails 
in  the  others,  shall  receive  credit  for  the  subjects  so  passed,  and  be  compelled  to 
pass  in  the  other  branches  only,  at  a  subsequent  examination. 

8.  Candidates  who  intend  to  be  examined  by  the  homoeopathic  examiners  in 
the  special  subjects,  shall  signify  their  intention  to  the  registrar  previous  to  the 
commencement  of  the  examination,  in  order  that  he  may  provide  means  of  pre- 
venting their  identification  by  the  other  student?,  or  by  the  examiners. 

9.  In  the  event  of  any  candidate  signifying  his  intention  to  the  registrar  to 
be  examined  and  registered  as  a  homoeopathic  practitioner,  due  notice  of  such 
must  be  submitted  to  the  registrar,  so  that  the  examination  may  be  conducted  by 
the  parties  appointed  for  that  purpose;  but  prior  to  the  acceptance  of  such  notice 
from  the  candidate,  the  usual  fees  must  be  paid.  In  the  event  of  any  candidates 
presenting  themselves  for  such  examinations,  due  notice  must  bo  given  by  the 
registrar  to  the  special  examiner. 

§  IV.  Fees.  1.  The  following  scale  of  fees  has  been  established  by  the  Council 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario:  a,  registration  of  matric- 
ulation, 120.00;  b.  primary  examination,  ,f  20.00;  c.  final  examination,  including 
registration,  $30.00  (these  fees  are  to  be  paid  to  the  treasurer  of  the  college  before 
each  examination);  d.  ordinary  registration  fee,  $10.00;  e.  registration  of  additional 
degrees  or  titles,  $2.00  (this  fee  is  only  pay  le  when  the  additional  titles  are 
registered  at  different  times,  but  any  number  of  such  titles  as  are  allowed  to  be 
registered,  may  be  put  on  record  at  the  first  registration,  for  the  single  fee  of 
$10.00);  /.  diploma  of  membership  of  the  college,  $5.00  (tl  ■  diploma  is  granted 
free  of  charge  to  all  those  members  of  the  col  lege  who  attain  their  membership  by 
passing  the  examinations  of  the  college.  All  other  members  may  obtain  it  on 
application  to  the  registrar,  by  paying  the  above-named  fee  of  $5.00). 


42 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


2.  All  fees  must  be  paid  in  liiwfnl  money  of  Canada  to  the  treasurer  of  the 
college. 

3.  No  candidate  will  be  admitted  to  any  examination  until  the  fee  for  such 
examination  is  paid  in  full. 

4.  Candidates  who  have  failed  in  any  professional  examination  shall  be 
allowed  one  subsequent  examination  without  further  fee. 

liulea  for  the  Guidance  of  the  Board  of  Examiners. 

%  V.  Examinations.  1.  No  teacher  in  any  school  of  medicine  in  Ontario  can 
hold  the  position  of  examiner  on  the  subjects  upon  which  he  lectures,  or  upon 
which  he  njay  have  lectured,  within  one  year  prior  to  the  date  of  the  examinations. 

2.  Any  examiner  may  be  present  at  any  of  the  examinations,  and  there  must 
invariably  be  not  less  than  two  members  of  the  board  present  at  every  examination. 

3.  At  the  end  of  each  written  examination  upon  any  subject,  the  answers  to 
the  questions  are  to  be  handed  to  the  registrar,  who  will  open  the  envelopes,  in 
which  they  are  hereinafter  directed  to  be  enclosed,  and  to  each  set  of  papers  affix  a 
number  by  which  the  author  will  be  known  to  the  examiners  during  the  examina- 
tions. The  registrar  will  then  deliver  the  papers  to  the  member  of  the  board  of 
examiners  appointed  by  the  council  to  examine  upon  the  subject. 

4.  The  papers,  when  delivered  to  the  member  of  the  board  of  examiners 
appointed  by  the  council  to  examine  upon  the  subject,  are  to  be  by  him  examined, 
and  the  relative  value  of  the  answers  marked  by  means  of  numbers,  in  a  schedule 
which  will  be  furnished  to  him  by  the  registrar,  ranging  for  the  final  subjects,  as 
follows: — 

Medical  and  Surgical  Anatomy ('  to    60 

Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine 0  to  100 

General  Pathology 0  to  100 

Surgery,  other  than  Operative 0  to  100 

"         (Operative 0  to  100 

Midwifery,  other  than  ( )perative,  and  Puerperal  and  Infantile 

Diseases 0  to  100 

Midwifery,  Operative 0  to  100 

Medical  Jurisprudence 0  to    60 

Sanitary  Science 0  to    30 

Marks  required  for  honors  and  pass: — 

Honors.        Pass. 

Medical  and  Surgical  Anatomy 40 20 

Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine 76 45  ' 

General  Pathology 76 46 

Surgery,  other  than  Operative 76 46 

"  Operative 76 46 

Midwifery,   other   than   Operative,   and    Puerperal    and 

Infantile  Diseases 76 46 

Midwifery,  Operative 75 45 

Medical  Jurisprudence 36   20 

Sanitary  Science 20 10 

That  the  percentage  in  the  primary  branches  be  as  follows,  ranging  from  0  to 

100   on  all  subjects,  excepting   botany,   which   ranges   from   0  to  40.     Primary 

subjects  0  to  100,  excepting  botany,  0  to  40. 


CANADA— ONTARIO. 


48 


Ireasnrer  of  the 
the  fee  for  such 
nation  sliall  be 


e  ill  Ontario  can 
BCtures.  or  upon 
le  examinationa. 

and  there  must 
sry  examination. 
,  the  answers  to 
he  envelopes,  in 
of  papers  affix  a 
tig  the  examina- 

of  the  board  of 

d  of  examiners 
y  him  examined, 
rs,  in  a  schedule 
Snal  subjects,  as 

.  .  0  10  60 
.  .0  to  100 
.  .0  to  100 
.  . 0  to  100 
..0  to  100 
le 

..0  to  100 
.  .  0  to  100 
.  .  0  to  60 
.  .  0  to    30 

lors.        Pass. 

1 20 

45  ' 

1 46 

; 46 

i 46 

i 46 

i 46 

i    20 

) 10 

anging  from  0  to 
to   40.     Primary 


Honors.  Pass. 

Descriptive  Anatomy 75  per  cent 46  per  cent. 

Physiology  and  Histology 76        "        46        " 

Chemistry,  Theoretical 60        "         80        " 

"  Practical 60        "         30        " 

Toxicology 50        "         30        " 

Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics 76        "        46        " 

Botany 50        "         25        " 

5.  The  values  awarded  by  the  individual  examiners  to  the  answers  of  candi- 
dates are  not  to  be  subject  to  revision,  except  l>y  ah  appeal  by  the  candidate  to  the 
council. 

6.  The  examiners  shall  return  the  schedules  to  the  registrar,  with  values 
inserted,  at  least  three  days  before  n  linal  decision  of  the  board.  From  these 
values  a  general  schedule  is  to  be  made  by  the  registrar,  and  no  change  of  value 
can  be  made  after  such  individual  schedules  have  been  returned  to  the  registrar. 
The  general  schedule  is  to  be  examined  as  to  its  correctness  by  the  whole  board, 
and  the  results  announced  by  the  chairman  of  the  board. 

7.  Papers  upon  the  homceopathic  subjects  are  to  be  finally  submitted  to  the 
examiners  approved  of  for  that  purpose  by  the  representatives  of  that  system  in 
the  council. 

8.  All  oral  examinations  are  henceforth  to  be  as  clinical,  demonstrative  and 
practical  as  possible. 

9.  That  it  be  an  instruction  to  the  examiners  in  the  <iuestions  in  tlieir 
respective  subjects  to  confine  themselves  to  the  text-books  in  ordinary  use.  also 
that  in  referring  to  diseases  or  operations  of  any  kind  the  names  of  such  diseases 
or  operations  most  commonly  in  use  should  be  employed. 

Rules  for  Candkliitfs  when  in  the  Examination  Hall. 

10.  Each  candidate  shall  receive  from  the  registrar  a  progamme  containing 
a  list  of  the  subjects  upon  which  the  candidate  is  to  be  examined,  and  it  will 
entitle  him  to  be  admitted  to  the  examination  hall  during  the  progress  of  the 
examinations  upon  such  subjects,  but  at  no  other  time. 

n.  Candidates  must  write  the  answers  to  the  (juestions  given  by  the 
examiners,  legibly  and  neatly  upon  one  side  only  of  whole  sheets  of  paper,  and 
the  number  given  with  each  question  is  to  be  put  at  the  head  of  the  answer  to  it. 
The  sheets  are  to  be  paged  and  fastened  together  in  regular  order  at  the  upper  left 
corner  in  such  a  manner  as  to  have  the  first  page  facing  outwards  to  the  view; 
they  are  then  to  be  folded  neatly  and  enclosed  in  an  envelope,  on  the  outside  of 
which  each  candidate  is  to  write  his  name.  The  packet  ii>  then  to  be  handed  to  the 
registrar,  or  to  some  one  .leputed  by  him.  Neither  signature,  number,  nor  sign, 
by  which  the  writer  could  be  recognized  by  the  examiner,  is  to  be  written  or 
marked  upon  any  of  the  sheets  enclosed  in  the  en\'elope. 

12.  The  questions  of  the  examiners  in  iiomceopathic  subjects  will  be  handed 
in  writing,  at  the  beginning  of  the  general  examination  on  the  same  subject,  by  the 
registrar,  to  such  candidates  as  have  given  him  notice  in  accordance  with  section 
III.,  sub-sections  8,  9.  They  shall  write  the  answers  to  these  questions  in  the  same 
hall  with  the  other  candidates,  and  hand  their  jiajiers,  when  finished,  to  the 
registrar  in  the  same  manner  as  provided  for  the  other  candidates,  to  be  by  him 
given  for  examination  to  the  homceopathic  member  of  the  board  of  examiners 
appointed  to  examine  on  that  subject. 


44 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


o 


in.  If  auj-  nbbreviiitioiis  ure  used  in  answering  the  questions,  candidates 
mast  be  careful  that  they  are  such  as  are  generally  understood,  or  which  cannot  be 
mistaken. 

14.  No  candidate  will  be  allowed  to  leave  tiie  hall  after  the  (juest'ous  are 
given  out,  until  his  answers  have  been  handed  in. 

1.5.  No  candidate  will  be  allowed  in  the  hall  during  the  hours  of  examination 
except  those  who  are  actually  undergoing  examination. 

16.  Any  candidate  wlio  may  have  brought  any  book  or  reference-paper  to 
the  hall,  must  deposit  it  with  the  examiner  before  the  examination  l)egins. 

17.  Candidates  must  not  communicate  with  each  other  while  the  examinations 
are  going  on,  either  by  writing,  signs,  words,  or  in  any  manner  whatever. 

18.  Candidates  must  at  all  times  bear  themselves  towards  the  examiners  with 
the  utmost  deference  and  resjiect;  and  they  will  not  be  permitted  in  any  manner 
to  manifest  approbation  or  disapprobation  of  any  member  of  the  board  of  exam- 
iners during  the  progress  of  the  examination. 

19.  Candidates  nnist  not  only  conduct  themselves  with  decorum  while  any 
examination  is  going  on,  but  they  will  be  held  strictly  responsible  for  any  impro- 
priety of  conduct  during  the  whole  progress  both  of  the  written  and  of  the  oral 
examinations. 

•20.  Any  infraction  of  the  above  rules  will  lead  to  the  exclusion  of  the  candi- 
date who  is  guilty  of  it  from  the  remainder  of  the  examinations;  and  he  will  not 
receive  credit  for  any  examination  pai)ers  which  he  may  have  handed  in  to  the 
registrar  previous  to  his  being  detected  in  such  misconduct. 

Stiipenth  attending  Canadian  colleges,  aiv  subject  to  the  following 
rules: 

1.  In  the  case  of  disorderly  conduct,  any  student  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the 
professor,  be  reciuired  to  leave  the  class-room.  Persistence  in  any  offence  against 
discipline,  after  admonition  by  the  professor,  shall  be  reported  to  the  dean  of  the 
faculty.  The  dean  may,  at  his  discretion,  reprimand  the  student,  or  refer  the  matter 
to  the  faculty  at  its  next  meeting,  and  may  in  the  interval  suspend  from  classes. 

2.  Absence  from  any  number  of  lectures  can  only  be  excused  by  necessity  or 
duty,  of  which  proof  must  be  given,  when  called  for,  to  the  faculty.  The  number 
of  times  of  absence,  from  necessity  or  duty,  that  shall  disqualify  for  the  keeping 
of  a  session,  shall  in  each  case  Ije  determined  by  the  faculty. 

3.  While  in  the  college,  students  are  expected  to  conduct  themselves  in  the 
same  orderly  manner  as  in  the  class-rooms. 

4.  When  students  are  brought  before  the  faculty  under  the  above  ruK^p,  the 
faculty  may  reprimand,  impose  fines,  disqualify  from  competing  for  prizes  and 
honors,  suspend  from  classes,  or  expel  from  the  college. 

Mkdioal  Faculty  of  Toronto  TJniveesity.  • 

Toronto,  Out. 
Organized  in  1849.     Extinct  since  1852. 

Toronto   School    of    Medicine, — {Affiliated   tenth    the    University   of 

Toronto  and  the  University  of  Victoria  College.) 

Toronto,  Ont.     (Pop.  80,415. ) 

Organized  in  1843.     Degi-ees  were  first  conferred  on  its  students, 

by  afiiliated  universities,  in  1845.     Degrees  have  been  so  conferred 


ious,  cHiididntes 
which  ciiniiot  be 

le  (juest'ons  ure 

of  exuminutioii 

"erence-paper  to 

begins. 

he  exHininatious 

iitever. 

»  examiners  with 

i  in  any  manner 

board  of  exam- 

soruin  while  any 

3  for  any  impro- 

and  of  tlie  oral 

ion  of  the  candi- 

and  lie  will  not 

landed  in  to  the 

I  the  following 

discretion  of  the 
y  offence  against 
)  the  dean  of  the 

refer  the  matter 
md  from  classes, 
i  by  necessity  or 
ty.     The  number 

for  the  keeping 

hemselves  in  the 

above  ruK<{i,  the 
gr  for  prizes  and 


University   of 
•ge.) 

n  its  students, 
1  so  conferred 


CANADA-  ONTARIO. 


45 


each  Kubsequent  year. — Faculty  embraces  ten  professors  (lecturers), 
five  adjunct  professors,  and  two  demonstrators.  One  session  of  six 
months'  duration  annually. 

CouBBE  OF  Instruction :  See  -'Regulations  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  Ontario." 

Requibements :  "The  scliool  does  not  exact  any  reiiuirements  as  to  matricu- 
lation, etc,  but  does  not  grant  degrees.  These  matters  it  leaves  altogether  to  the 
two  universities  with  which  it  is  affiliated,  and  to  the  medical  council.  Its  functions 
are  simply  to  impart  knowledge — practical  and  theoretical."—  [Oldkioht. 

Fees;     Registration,  $5;  lectures,  igl25;  final  examination,  $.<50. 

Students:  Only  the  number  of  matriculates  (33)  for  1881-82.  and  of  the 
matriculates  (87)  and  the  graduates  (19)  for  1882-83,  have  been  received. 

Percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates,  session  of  1882-83,  hi-cnt\i-tvo. 

Graduates  of  Toronto  University  in  Illinois,  10;  of  Victoria  University  in 
Illinois,  14. 

Trinity  Medical  School. — {Affiliated  with  the  University  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, the  University  of  Toronto  and  the  University  of  Manitoba.) 

Toronto,  Ont. 

Organized  in  1850. — The  faculty  embraces  ten  professors,  two 
demonstrators  and  a  lecturer.  "  Under  authority  of  the  8})ecial  act  of 
the  legislature,  incorjiorating  the  school,  diplomas  will  be  awarded  at 
the  close  of  the  final  examination  to  students  whose  standing  has  been 
sufficiently  high  to  merit  them.  These  diplomas  constitute  students 
who  obtain  them,  'Fellows  by  Examination'  of  Trinity  Medical  School." 
This  degree  is,  "  in  every  respect,  the  equivalent  of  either  M.B.,  M.D., 
or  M.D.,  CM.,  at  Trinity  College."— [Geikie. 

CouBSE  OF  Instruction:  See  "Regulations  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeonr,  Ontario." 

Requirements:  See  "Regulations  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Ontario." 

Fees:  Lectures,  $153;  full  fee,  including  exaininn'ions,  for  graduation,  |24. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  gradi  .tes  at  each  session  reported 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

"  Percent 

1878-79 

137 

35 

25.5 

1879-80 

136 

80 

22+ 

1880-81 

136 

80 

22+ 

1881-82 

168 

86 

20.7 

1882-83 

205 

38 

18.5 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  five  years, 
twenty-one. 

Graduates  in  Illinois,  3. 

Remarks:  The  number  of  graduates  given  above  includee,  also, 
"men  licensed  by  the  council."     Dr.  W.  B.  Geikie,  dean  of  the  faculty, 


46 


MEDICAIi  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


V 


writeH:  *'  We  have  (I)  Degree  holders;  (II)  Fellowship  diploma  holders; 
(III)  Medical  Licentiates  from  the  Council — in  our  classes  yearly,  all 
of  whom  are  well-educated  medical  men."  • 

Royal  College   ok   Physicians    and    Surgeons. — (Medical  Department 

of  Queen'' s  Univeraity.) 
Kingston,  Ont.     (Pop.  14,091.) 

Organized  in  1854.  First  class  graduated  in  1855.  Classes  grad- 
uated in  each  subsequent  year. — Faculty  embraces  twelve  professors 
and  two  demonstrators. 

CoHBSE  OK  Instbuotion  ;  ( )ne  term  of  lectures,  annually,  of  six  months'  dura- 
tion, the  curriculum  being  substantially  that  prescribed  by  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  of  Ontario.  The  course  is  graded,  and  examinations  are  held 
at  th'  and  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth  sessions,  respectively.  "  The  final  exam- 
ination will  not  take  place  until  the  candidate  has  completed  his  fourth  or  last 
session." 

Requibements:  "  Every  candidate  [for  graduation]  must  furnish  the  registrar 
of  the  college  a  declaration,  under  his  own  hand,  that  he  is  twenty-one  years  of 
age;  a  certificate  of  good  moral  character;  a  statement  of  his  medical  studies,  with 
proper  certificates  thereto,  [and  including  evidence  of  having  passed  a  recognized 
matriculation  examination];  and  a  thesis  *  *  *  composed  by  himself  and  in 
his  own  handwriting." 

Fees:     Lectures,  $114;  diplomas,  $30;  hospital,  |4. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.        .    Graduates. 

1877-78  48  10 

1878-79  —  14 

1879-80  —  12 

1880-81  68  16 

1881-88  —  16 

1882  83  48  11 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  years  1877-78, 
1880-81,  1882-83,  twenty-hvo. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  6. 

Remarks. — Being  separately  incorporated  and  possessing  indepen- 
dent powers  and  privileges,  the  college  "  is  competent  to  confer  upon 
its  own  students  and  others  the  diplomas  of  Licentiate  and  Fellow." 
Its  students  obtain  the  degrees  of  M.D.  and  M.D.,  CM.,  from  Queen's 
University  upon  passing  the  requisite  examination. 


Percent. 
20.8 


22+ 


23— 


Medical  Department  of  Victoria  Colleoe- 

SchooV). 

Toronto,  Ont. 

Organized  18  —.     Extinct  since  1872. 


'{Also  knotvn  as  "  Ralph's 


>loma  holders; 
ses  yearly,  all 

* 

il  Department 


Classes  grad- 
Ive  professors 

ix  months'  dura- 
allege  of  Physi- 
:nntiouB  are  held 
'  The  final  exam- 
is  fourth  or  last 

lish  the  registrar 
ity-one  years  of 
ical  studies,  with 
sed  a  recognized 
himself  and  in 


session  reported, 

cent. 
20.8 


22+ 

23— 

e  years  1877-78, 


Ming  indepen- 

0  confer  upon 

and  Fellow." 

,  from  Queen's 

in  as  "  Rolph's 


CANADA— ONTARIO. 


Medical  Department  of  the   Wehteiin  Univerhity. 


47 


London,  Ont     (Pof).  1U,740.) 

Organized  in  1882.  First  class  gi-adunted  in  1883.  Faculty 
embraces  fifteen  professors  and  two  demonstrators  of  anatomy. 

CouHSE  OK  Instbuotion:  One  annual  graduating  session  of  six  months' dura- 
tion.    The  course   is  graded,  extending  over  three  sessions  in  different  years. 

Lectures  embrace  anatomy,  physiology,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and  children, 
chemistry,  therapeutics,  botany,  nervous  and  mental  diseases,  principles  and  prac- 
tice of  medicine,  surgery,  histology,  pathology,  sanitary  science,  medical  jurispru- 
dence, toxicology. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  (a)  certificate  of  graduation  or  matriculation 
in  any  recognized  British  university;  or  [b]  certificate  of  having  passed  the  provin- 
cial examination;  or  (e)  matriculation  examination  on  English  language,  arithmetic, 
algebra,  geometry,  Latin,  writing  and  dictation.  Correct  spelling  and  legible 
writing  are  imperative.  For  graduation:  (1)  certificate  of  having  passed  a  recog- 
nized matriculation  examination;  (2)  four  years'  study;  (3)  three  sessions  of  six 
months  each  upon  anatomy,  practical  anatomy,  p  actice  of  medicine,  surgery, 
theoretical  chemistry,  midwifery,  diseases  of  women  and  children,  materia  medica, 
therapeutics,  physiology,  clinical  medicine,  clinical  surgery;  (4)  one  six  months' 
course  on  medical  jurisprudence;  one  three  months'  course  on  botany;  twenty-five 
lectures  on  chemistry  and  toxicology ;  twenty-five  practical  demonstrations  on  histol- 
ogy and  pathology;  twenty  lectures  on  sanitary  science;  (r>)  attendance  for  at  least 
eighteen  months  on  t'..3  practice  of  some  recognized  hospital ;  (G)  six  months'  at- 
tendance on  the  practice  of  a  lying-in  hospital,  and  charge  of  six  cases  of  confine- 
ment; (7)  compounded  medicine  for  six  months;  (8)  good  moral  character;  (9) 
twenty-one  years  of  age. 

Fees;     Matriculation,  $5.     Registration  and  lectures,  $92.    Graduation,  $25. 

Students:  First  session  (1882  '83):  matriculates,  15;  graduates,  1;  per  cent, 
of  graduates  to  matriculates,  seven. 

Woman's  Medical  College. 
Toronto,  Ont. 

Organized  in  1883. — Faculty  embraces  ten  professors  and  a  demon- 
strator.— It  has  for  its  object  the  education  of  ladies  in  the  science  and 
practice  of  medicine,  so  as  to  fit  them  to  undergo  the  examinations  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario  which  are  required 
for  the  provincial  license,  and  for  the  degrees  in  medicine  in  the  several 
universities. 

CouBSEOP  Instbuction:  See  "  Regulations  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  Ontario." 

Requirements:  See  "  Regulations  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  Ontario." 

Fees:  For  the  course  on — 1,  demonstrations,  including  material  for  dissection; 
2,  physiology;  3,  chemistry;  4,  materia  medica  and  therapeutics;  5,  medicine;  6, 
surgery;  7,  midwifery  and  diseases  of  women  and  children;  8,  anatomy,  descriptive 
and  surgical,  |12.00  each.     1,  normal  histology;  2,  pathological  histology,  $8  each. 


48 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


1,  medical  jiirirtpnulence,  three  months'  course;  2,  pmcticiil  chemistry ;  :J.  clinicftl 
niediciue;  4,  clinical  surgery,  IjiG  each.  1,  wanitary  Hciceue;  2,  botany,  ij.')  each. 
Re({istration,  $5,  payable  only  once.     The  third  course  on  any  branch  free. 

Women's  Medical  College. 
Kincrstoii,  Ont. 

Orf^aiiized  iu  1883,  the  Royal  CoUoj^e  of  PhysiciaiiH  and  Surgeons, 
Kingston,  having,  at  the  close  of  the  last  session,  announced  that  women 
students  woitld  no  longer  be  received  in  its  classes,  —  The  faculty 
embraces  seven  professors,  ^n  addition  to  which  two  professors  of 
Queen's  College  give  instruction  in  chemistry  and  botany. 

CouiisE  OF  Instkuotion:  The  cours^o  of  lectures,  which  will  continue  for  six 
months  each  session,  "will  bo  eiiuivalent  in  all  res|)ects  to  the  ordinary  winter 
course  delivered  in  other  medical  collefjres,  and  as  such  will  l)e  accepted  in  proceed- 
ing to  the  degree  of  M.D.  iu  Queen's  University,"  with  which  the  Women's  Medical 
is  affiliated.— Lectures  embrace  obstetrics  and  diseases  of  women  and  children; 
principles  and  practice  of  surgery;  materia  medica  and  therapeutics;  medical 
jurisprudence  and  sanitary  science;  theory  and  practice  of  medicine;  institutes  of 
medicine  and  histology;  anatomy,  descriptive  and  surgical;  chemistry;  botany; 
practical  anatomy;  clinical  surgery;  clinical  medicine. 

Reuuiukments:  "The  reijuisites  for  graduation  will  in  no  sense  differ  from 
what  is  required  for  the  other  sex,  and  the  facilities  for  study  will  be  also  the  same. 

"By  the  regulations  of  the  university,  the  matriculation  examination  of  the 
college  may  be  passed  at  any  time  before  undergoing  examination  for  the  degree. 
The  medical  council  mat-.iculation,  which  is  the  intermediate  examination  of  the 
high  schools  with  L..tiii,  will  bo  accepted  by  the  university." 

Fees:    Registration,  .|5;  lectures,  hospital,  etc.,  .|124;  degree  of  M.D..  .fSO. 


i|tiel>ec,  I'rovhice  of. 

Population  1,358,409  (census  of  1881).  Number  of  physicians, 
1,051  (Quebec  Medical  Register).       Number  of   Inhabitants    to    each 

physician,  1,292. 

An  Act  to  further  amend  and  consolidate  the  Act  relating  to  the  Profession  of 
Medicine  and  Surgery  in  the  Province  of  Quebec. 

Whebeas,  It  is  necessary  to  further  amend  and  consolidate  the  laws  now  in 
force  in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  for  regulating  the  qualifications  and  examina- 
tions of  candidates  for  the  study  of  medicine,  snrgery  and  midwifery;  for  the 
regulation  of  medical  practitioners,  and  for  the  infliction  of  penalties  upon  persons 
infringing  the  provisions  of  this  act  respecting  the  practice  of  medicine,  surgery 
and  midwifery;  therefore,  her  majesty,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
legislature  of  Quebec,  enacts  as  follows: 

Section  1.  From  and  after  the  passing  of  this  act,  the  act  or  ordinance  of  the 
legislative  council  of  the  late  Province  of  Quebec,  passed  in  the  twenty-eighth  year 
of  the  reign  of  his  late  majesty.  King  George  the  Third,  and  entitled  An  act  or. 
ordinance  to  prevent  persons  practicing  physic  and  surgery  within  the  Province  of 
Quebec  or  midwifery  within  the  towns  of  Quebec  and  Montreal,  without  license, 


CANADA— WUEBEO. 


49 


try ;  3.  cliriicHl 
nny.  |r>  ciich. 
:h  frii-. 


11(1  SurgeonB, 

1  that  women 

The  faculty 

professors  of 

outiuuc  for  six 
)rdiiiiiry  winter 
iti'd  in  i>roci't'd- 
oinen'H  Mediciil 
I  iiud  cliildrt'u; 
'utics;  medical 
no;  institutes  of 
nistry;  botany; 

•nse  differ  from 
e  iilfio  the  Piime. 
miniUion  of  the 
1  for  the  degree, 
miuntion  of  the 

f  M.D..  $30. 


physicians, 
ants    to    each 

le  Profession  of 

the  laws  now  in 
and  rxamina- 

hvifery;  for  the 
s  upon  persons 

edicine,  surgery 
consent  of  the 

rdiuance  of  the 
enty-ei^hth  year 
ititled  An  act  or. 

the  Province  of 
without  license, 


and  all  other  actn  or  parts  of  actn  in  any  miinner  relating  to  the  practice  of  modi- 
cine,  Hur  ;ory  or  midwifery  in  the  Province  of  Quehee,  or  in  any  manner  relating  to 
the  mode  of  obtaining  license  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery  tlierein, 
as  well  as  tlie  act  40  \'ictoriH,  cliapter  ;iO,  entitled  ".\n  act  to  amend  and  consolidate 
the  acts  relating  to  the  profession  of  medicine  and  surgery  in  the  Province  of  (Que- 
bec." a.'!tien(ed  to  on  tlie  2Hth  of  December,  1K7G,  sliall  be  and  are  hereby  repealed, 
except  in  so  far  as  relates  to  any  offense  committed  against  the  same  or  any  of 
them,  before  tlie  ])assing  of  tliis  act, or  any  penalty  or  forfeiture  incurred  by  reason 
of  such  offense. 

§  2.  All  persons  resident  in  the  Province  of  (Quebec,  authorized  to  practice 
medicine,  surgery  oi  midwifery  therein,  and  who,  at  tlie  time  of  tlie  passing  of  the 
present  act,  shall  have  been  registered  under  the  act  40  Victoria,  chapter  M,  and  all 
persons  resident  in  the  Province  of  (Quebec,  and  licensed  to  practice  medicine, 
surgery  and  midwifery  therein,  who,  at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  this  act,  shall  not 
have  been  registered  under  40  Victoria,  chapter  2(!,  but  who  shall  hereafter  beeoino 
registeretl  under  the  present  act,  and  all  persons  who  may  hereafter  obtain  a  license 
to  practice  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  in  this  Province,  and  become  registered 
under  the  present  act,  shall  be  and  are  hereby  constituted  a  body  jiolitic  and  cor- 
porate by  the  name  of  The  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Province  of 
Quebec,  and  shall,  by  that  name,  have  perpetual  succession,  and  a  common  seal, 
with  power  to  change,  alter,  break  or  make  new  the  same;  and  they  and  their 
successors,  by  the  name  aforesaid,  may  sue  and  be  sned,  implead  and  be  impleaded, 
answer  and  be  answered  unto  in  all  courts  and  jilaces  whatsoever,  and,  by  the  name 
aforesaid,  shall  be  able  and  capable  in  law  to  have,  hold,  receive,  enjoy,  possess  and 
retain  for  the  ends  and  purposes  of  this  act,  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  said  college, 
all  such  sums  of  money  as  have  been  or  shall  at  any  time  hereafter  be  paid,  given 
or  beqneathed  to  and  for  the  use  of  the  said  college;  and  by  the  name  aforesaid, 
shall  and  may,  at  any  time  hereafter,  without  any  letters  of  mortmain,  purchase, 
take,  receive,  have,  hold,  possess  and  enjoy  any  lands,  tenements  or  hereditaments, 
or  any  estate  or  interest  derived  or  arising  out  of  any  lands,  or  tenements,  or 
hereditaments,  for  the  purposes  of  the  said  college,  and  for  no  other  purposes 
whatever;  and  may  sell,  grant,  lease,  demise,  alienate  or  dispose  of  the  same,  and 
do  or  execute  all  and  singular  the  matters  and  things  that  to  them  shall  or  may 
appertain  to  do;  jirovided,  always,  that  the  real  estate  so  held  by  the  said  corpora- 
tion, shall  at  no  time  exceed  in  value  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

The  said  corporation  shall  have  two  places  of  business,  one  office  in  the  city  of 
Quebec  and  the  other  in  the  city  of  Montreal,  which  shall  be  in  the  otflces  of  the 
secretaries  of  the  college  appointed  in  virtue  of  article  1,  chapter  2,  of  its  statutes, 
by-laws  and  regulations. 

Service  upon  the  said  corporation  shall  be  effected  at  either  of  such  offices 
indifferently,  by  speaking  to  a  person  employed  therein,  and  in  all  proc  .ngs  the 
domicile  of  the  corporation  shall  be  sufficiently  designated  by  the  following  words: 
"  having  a  place  of  busint  ss  in  each  of  the  cities  of  Quebec  and  Montreal ." 

§  3.  From  and  af  te  r  the  passing  of  this  act,  the  persons  who  compose  the 
College  of  Physicians  an  J  Surgeons,  shall  be  called,  "  Members  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Province  of  Quebec." 

§  4.  The  affairs  of  the  said  college  shall  be  conducted  by  a  board  of  gov- 
ernors, forty  in  number,  and  chosen,  as  hereinafter  set  forth,  for  three  years,  viz: 
flft«en  shall  be  chosen  from  amongst  the  members  resident  in  the  district  of 
Montreal,  three  from  amongst   the  members  resident   in  the  district  of    Three 


50 


MEDIO.U.  LWVS  ANT)  INSTITUflONS. 


Bivors,and  three  from  ..monnHt  tin'  ineinbt-rH  resident  in  tlie  district  of  Ht.  FranoiH; 
.-id  of  the  menilxMs  of  tlie  siiid  hoard  of  Kovernorn,  not  h^nn  nor  more  tliun  oiwht 
Bhidl  reside  in  the  eity  of  tiuel.ec,  and  not  less  nor  more  than  ten  shall  reside  in 
the  eity  of  Montreal;  provided,  always,  that  the  University  of  Lavul,  at  (^uehec, 
shall  name  two,  and  the  same  shall  he  chosen  from  amonRst  the  members  of  the 
college.  residinK  in  the  city  of  (inel...c;  the  University  of  Laval,  at  Montreal,  shall 
name  two;  the  University  of  McdiU.  two;  the  University  of  Bishop's  College,  two; 
and  the  incorporated  School  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  of  M.mlreal,  ufliliated  with 
the  University  of  Victoria  College,  or  with  any  other  British  university,  two; 
which  said  nominated  governors  shall  he  chosen  from  amongst  tlie  members  of 
the  said  Oollef.'e  of  I'hysicians  and  SurKeons  residinK  in  the  city  of  Montreal; 
provided  that,  at  any  time,  tlie  city  of  Montreal  shall  not  have  more  than  ten 
governors,  and  the  city  of  Quebec  ei^ht. 

'J'he  governors  to  be  appointed  by  the  institutions  mentioned  in  this  section 
shall  not" require  to  have  their  api.oinlment  conlirmed  or  approved  by  the  said 
collcK''.  »'Ut  ""  presentiuK  their  certilicates  of  nomination,  shall  have  the  ri>,'ht  to 
take  their  seats  and  enter  upon  tlieir  functions.  In  case  any  of  the  universities, 
colleges  or  incorporated  medical  schools  now  existinu  in  the  J'roviuce  of  Quebec, 
should  cease  to  iiave  its  «tudents  tauKht  the  science  of  medicine,  the  power  of 
appointinK  delegates  as  hereinbefore  provided  shall  cease  ipso  faclo,  and  can  only 
be  revived  when  such  institutions  or  any  of    them  shall  buiut  ]Me   resume  their 

teachiuK. 

At  each  election  of  the  board  of  governors,  every  member  of  the  said  corpora- 
tion shall  have  the  right  of  voting  by  i)roxy. 

{'Z.)  Of  the  aforesaid  districts,  the  district  of  Quebec  shiiU  comprise  the 
present  judicial  districts  of  Quebec.  Gaspe.  Saguenay,  Ch.icoutimi,  llimouski, 
Montmagny,  Ueuuce  and  Kamouraska;  the  district  of  Montreal  shall  c.nnprise  the 
present  "judicial  districts  of  Montreal,  T.-rrebonne,  Joliette,  Kichelieu,  Bedford, 
St.  Hyncinthe,  Iberville,  Ueauha.nois,  and  Ottawa;  the  district  of  Three  Rivers 
shall  comprise  the  present  judicial  districts  of  Three  Rivers  and  Athabaska;  and 
the  district  of    St.   Francis  shall  consist  of    the  present  judicial  district  of    Ht. 

Francis. 

(3.)  The  members  of  the  board  of  governors  shall  be  elected  for  ;  i)eriod  of 
three  years,  but  any  member  may  resign  his  appointment  at  any  time,  by  letter 
addressed  to  the  secretary  of  the  said  board;  and  upon  the  death  or  resignation  of 
any  member  of  the  said  board,  it  shall  be  tlie  duty  of  the  secretary  forthwith  to 
notify  the  university  or  body  wherein  such  vacancy  may  occur,  of  such  death, 
resignation  or  removal,  and  such  university  or  body  shall  have  the  power  to  lujmi- 
nate  an.ither  duly  (lualilied  i)erson  to  iill  such  vacancy;  or,  if  the  vacancy  be 
caused  by  the  death,  resignation  or  removal  from  the  electoral  city  or  district  of 
any  member  elected  from  the  electoral  cities  or  districts,  the  board  of  governors 
shall  fill  up  such  vacancy  from  amongst  the  eligible  members  of  the  college  in  the 
city  or.district  where  such  vacancy  shall  have  occurred,  by  an  election  by  ballot,  at 
the  next  ensuing  meeting  subsequent  to  the  occurrence  of  such  vacancy;  and  in 
the  event  of  any  vacancy  occurring  in  the  said  board  of  governors  in  consequence 
of  any  of  the  said  institutions  ceasing  to  teach,  the  place  of  said  governor  shall 
be  tilled  in  the  same  maimer,  from  amongst  the  members  of  the  said  college 
residing  in  the  city  wherein  such  institution  was  located,  during  the  suspension  of 
such  institution  to  teach,  as  hereinbefore  set  forth;  and  it  shall  be  lawful  foi'  the 
board  of  governors  to  exercise,  during  any  such  vacancy,  the  powers  of  the  board 
hereinafter  mentioned. 


CANADA-  QUEHEC. 


51 


[  Hi.  Frimcirt; 
re  thiin  oi({lit 
mil  rt«ni<U«  »>» 
,1,  lit  (;uul)ec, 
iiilierH  of  tlie 
( ntreiil,  hIiiiU 
ColU«ni>,  two; 
iiniliiitoil  with 
ivurxily,  two; 
B  mi'ml)er»  of 
of  Montreiil; 
lore  tlmii  tc" 

n  tliiw  rtection 
■d  by  tlK<  HiiiJ 
vc  tlio  ri;^lit  to 
1(1  univeisitit'S, 
ICO  of  (iuubtic, 
,  the  power  of 
),  iiud  cuu  only 
•  resume  their 

6  said  corponi- 

I  comprise  the 
iini,   liimouski, 

II  coinpvise  tlie 
ii'u,  IJt'dfoid, 
I'hn'e  Uivers 
ImbiisUa;  iiiid 
istrict  of    St. 

for  i    period  of 
time,  by  letter 
re^ignntioii  of 
forthwith  to 
uf    such  dentil, 
power  to  lUJiiii- 
the  vacaucy  be 
or  district  of 
•d  of  }fovernors 
le  colU'K*^  in  the 
)n  by  ballot,  at 
Hiiiicy;  uud  in 
in  coii.seiiueuce 
jToveriior  shall 
the  said  college 
le  siis]H'nsiou'of 
e  lawful  foi'  the 
rs  of  the  board 


iry 


i\ 


S  A.  The  said  board  of  (governors  shall  be,  hi;  '  are  hereby  constituted,  "The 
I'rovineial  Medical  Hoard,"  and  in  such  capacity  they  shall  meet  to  perform  the 
several  duties  devolvin>{  upon  them  under  this  act,  as  the  hoard  of  ^fovernors  of 
the  college,  not  lens  than  'wice  in  each  yi-ar.  at  such  time  and  place  as  by  them 
shall  be  deemed  most  lit,  and  on  which  oconsiuns  seven  shall  be  a  i|Uorum,  for  the 
transaction  of  business. 

S  C.  From  and  after  the  passing  of  this  aot,  no  person  shall  practice  medi- 
cine, surgery  or  midwifery,  in  the  Province  of  (Quebec,  unless  he  shall  have  obtained 
a  license  from  the  i'rovineial  Medical  Hoard,  which  is  hereby  uiithori/.ed  to  issue 
such  license;  and  unless  it  be  eiiregisterud  in  accordance  with  the  provisionn  of 
this  act. 

■?  7.  Kvery  person  who  has  obtained  or  may  hereafter  obtain,  a  medical 
degree  or  diploma  in  any  universi'v  or  college,  mentioned  in  section  four  of  this 
act,  shall  be  entitled  to  such  license,  without  examination  as  to  his  medical 
knowledge  and  skill;  provided  that  such  diploma  shall  have  only  been  given  after 
four  years  of  study  of  the  medical  profession,  from  the  date  of  his  admission  to 
study,  and  according  to  the  re(|uiri'ments  of  the  existing  law;  provided,  also,  that 
the  I'rovineial  Medical  Hoard  shall  have  the  power  to  grant  the  same  privilege  to 
holders  of  degrees  or  di|)h>mas  of  medicine  and  surgery  from  other  Uritish, 
(-olonial  or  French  universities  or  colleges. 

55  8.  From  and  after  the  i>assing  of  this  act,  no  person  shall  be  admitted  as 
a  student  of  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  unless  he  shnll  have  obtained  a  cer- 
tificate of  qualitication  from  the  said  Provincial  Medical  Hoard.  And  no  one  shall 
be  entitled  to  tlie  license  of  the  college,  on  presentation  of  a  diploma,  unless  he 
shall  have  been  previously  admitted  to  the  study  of  medicine  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  act.  or  unless  he  shall  have  passed  an  e(|invalent  |ireliniiiiary 
examination  before  a  college,  school  or  board,  authorized  by  law  to  riMiuiro  and 
cause  such  preliminary  examinations  to  be  passed  in  her  Britannic  majesty's  pos- 
sessions, elsewhere  than  in  the  Province  of  (Quebec,  and  acceptable  to  the  board 
created  by  this  act. 

§  i).  At  tlii^  first  regular  meeting  of  said  board,  after  the  passing  of  this  act, 
there  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Provincial  Medical  Hoard,  for  three  years,  (subject 
always  to  the  approval  of  the  board),  four  persons  actually  engaged  in  the  work  of 
general  education  in  tlie  Province  of  (^ucliec.  to  examine  all  persons  about  to  begin 
the  study  of  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  on  tlie  subjects  of  general  education 
hereinafter  mentioned,  as  belonging  to  the  preliminary  qualifications  of  medical 
students,  viz:  one  (>xaniiner  of  French  and  one  of  English  nationality  for  the  city 
of  Montreal,  and  one  of  French  and  one  of  English  nationality  for  the  city  of 
Quebec.  The  subjects  of  the  preliminary  (|UMlitications  to  be  Knglish  and  Freiicli, 
Latin,  geograjdiy,  history,  arithmotic,  algebra,  geometry,  belles-lettres,  and  any 
one  of  the  following  subjects:  Greek,  natural  or  moral  philosophy;  and  the  candi- 
dates to  present  a  certificate  of  good  moral  character;  provided,  that  all  medical 
students  who,  before  the  passing  of  this  act,  shall  have  passed  their  |)reliniinary 
examination,  before  the  examiner  or  examiners  of  any  university,  incorporated 
school  of  medicine  or  Provincial  Medical  Hoard,  shall  not  be  required  to  pass 
before  the  examiners  mentioned  in  this  section. 

§  10.  Every  person  wishing  to  obtain  a  license  to  practice  m<'dicine,  surgery 
and  midwifery  in  this  Province,  and  to  be  registered  under  this  act,  and  who  shall 
not  have  obtained  a  degree  or  diploma  in  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery,  from 
any  of  the  institutions  mentioned  in   section  four  of  this  net,  shall,  before  being 


■■■■■ 


52 


MKIMCAI,  liAWH  AND  INHTITl'TIdNK. 


eiititli'd  to  Hiu'h  lici'iiH.',  aiul  t<i  reKintrution  in  lliin  I'ldvii.c...  pitHH  iiu  examiimti..u 
»8  to  l.iH  knowlcaKf  aii.l  nUill  for  the  i.tVici.-i.t  i.iiu-ti.T  of  i.i.'.licinis  wiirKiMj  mid 
midwif.Ty  l)i'loic  tliir.  l.oard;  luul,  ui.oii  passiiiK'  llu-  .•xainiimlion  rciuircil,  and 
proving  to  tl..'  Hatinfuotioii  of  the  exmiiiuerH  that  Ik>  lini*  complied,  in  un  inh.titiiiion 

for  111.'  tcMohinK  of  dioine,  in  Iut  niajcslyV  d.-minion«,  with  th.-  iiih'H  and  n«ii- 

lationr*  mad.' 1.)  tho  provincial  tumid,  and  on  payment  of  nuch  ffcs  as  the  hoard 
niny,  hy  Keneral  hy-law,  oHtahlish.  niicli  perHu.i  ^liall  hi-  ..nlitlf.l  to  a  lien-*.-  to 
practice  mcdicini',  snrRcry  and  midwilVry  in  f.ie  Province  of  tiuehcc. 

§  11.  Ml  pi-rsonM  cominK  from  any  recognized  colleue  outside  of  her  umjewty's 
posHCSMoiis,  and  who  are  desiroii,*  of  ohlainiliK  a  license  from  the  colle„re  mu^t 
previouHly  par*s  the  preliminary  examination,  before  the  examiners  appointed  l.y 
the  I'roviucial  Medical  Hoard,  or  establish,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  board,  that 
they  have  already  passed  an  eipiivalent  examination;  they  must,  moreover,  follow, 
in  "one  of  the  schools  of  medicine  in  this  Province,  a  complete  course  (for  six 
months)  of  lectures,  and  such  other  course  or  courses  as  shall  be  neces>ary  to 
complete  the  curriculum  rcpiired  by  the  board;  they  shall  also  pass  a  professional 
examination  before  ihe  Provincial  Medical  Board.  Such  (.ersons  .nay  pass  then- 
professional  examination  immediately  after  their  preliminary  examination. 

6^  11'.     The  said  Hoard  of  (iovernorsof  the  College  of  Physicians  and  SuiKeons 

shall  have  power- 
ID.  To  regulate  the  study  of  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery,  by  making' 
rules  with  regard  to  the  preliminary  .lualilicatioiis,  duration  of  study,  curriculum 
to  be  followed,  and  the  age  of  the  camlidate  applyiiiK  f„r  a  license  to  practice; 
provided,  always,  that  such  rules  shall  not  be  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
(2).  To  examine  all  credentials,  all  certificates  of  admission  to  study  or  of 
attendance  at  lectures,  and  all  other  documents  purporting  to  entitle  the  bearer  to 
a  license  to  practice,  and  all  dii-lomas,  decrees  or  other  ,,ualitications  sought  to  be 
registered  in  this  Province,  and  to  oblige  the  bearer  thereof  to  attest  on  outh  (to  be 
administered  by  the  chairman  for  the  time  being),  that  he  is  the  person  whose 
name  is  mentioned  therein,  and  that  he  became  possessed  thereof  legally. 

(a).  To  cause  every  member  of  the  profession  now  practicing,  or  who  may 
hereafter  practice  in  thJ  Province  of  (iuebec,  to  enregister  liis  name,  age,  place  of 
residence  and  nativity,  the  date  of  his  license  and  the  place  where  ho  obtained  it, 
in  the  books  of  the  college. 

(4).  To  fix  the  period  of  probation  which  persons  must  undergo  before 
eligible  for  election  as  governors  of  the  college,  which  period  shall  not  be  less  than 
four  years;  and  to  make  all  suc-h  rules  and  re^nilations  for  the  government  and 
proper  working  of  the  said  corporation,  and  the  election  of  a  president  jiud 
officers  thereof,  as  to  the  board  of  governors  may  seem  meet  and  expedient,  which 
said  rules  and  regulations  shall,  before  they  shall  come  into  effect,  be  sanctioned  by 
the  lieutenant-governor  of  this  Province,  after  the  same  shall  have  been  submitted 
to  him  for  approval,  and  by  him  allowed. 

§  13.  The  Provincial  Medical  Board  shall,  from  time  to  time,  us  occasion 
may  require,  make  rules  and  regulations: 

(1).     For  the  guidance  of   the  examiners,  and  to  prescribe  the  subject  and 

mode  of  the  examinations,  the  time  and  place  of  holding  the  same,  and  generally 

shall  make  all   such  rules  and  regulations  in  respect  of   such  examinations,  not 

contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  as  they  may  deem  expedient  and  necessary. 

(2).     To  regulate  the  study  of  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery,  with  regard 

-      to  the  preliminary  .lualifications,  duration  of  study  and  curriculum  of  studies  to  be 


\  examiniitiou 
HurKiirj  ami 
iiMliiirt'il,  iinJ 
nil  iiihttitiition 
ili'H  mill  ri'nu- 
1  UH  the  licmrd 

I  II   lii'<'ii?<i'  l'> 

her  iimjt'i*ty'» 
luiUf^c  imift 
Hi>iK>iiitt'il  l>y 
he  liiiaril,  tliut 
rt'oviT,  I'ollow, 
ourHo  (for  nix 

('    llCC('Sr.lll\V    tt) 

II  iprofrssioiml 
any  puss  their 
niilioii. 

iiml  SuixeoiiB 

rj,  by  makiu)^ 
dy,  curriculum 
■te  to  practice; 
oiiH  of  this  act. 
to  study  or  of 

0  the  bearer  to 
lis  sought  to  be 
,  on  outli  (to  l)e 
!  person  wliose 
gaily. 

g,  or  wlio  may 
e,  age,  place  of 
he  obtained  it, 

uidorgo  before 
uot  be  less  than 
overumeut  and 
president  jiud 
xpedient,  which 
e  sanctioned  by 
been  submitted 

me,  as  occasion 

bhe  subject  and 
e,  and  generally 
taminutions,  not 
,  and  necessary, 
ery,  with  regard 

1  of  studies  to  be 


CANADA     gllRHKC. 


58 


folh.wed  by  the  Htudentn;  provided,  alwnys.  that  such  rules  Mimll  not  be  contrary  to 
the  provisions  of  this  «e(.  and  that  any  change  in  the  curriculum  of  st,i,li„„  (Ixed 
by  the  board,  shall  not  c.  e  int..  effect  until  one  year  after  such  change  Im  made. 
CI.)  To  appoint  ass-  „rs.  either  of  its  own  body,  or  from  among  the  regis- 
t^-red  members  of  the  college,  to  visit  and  attend  the  m,.,lical  examinations  of  the 
various  universities,  colleges  and  incorporated  schools  of  the  Province,  and  to 
report  to  the  provincial  board,  upon  the  clmract.T  of  such  examinations;  l.ut  such 
assessors  shall  not  be  chosen  out  of  any  of  the  teachers  in  any  ,me  of  the  said 
universities  or  incorporated  schools,  and  sliould  such  report  be,  at  any  time, 
unfavorable  to  any  university,  college  or  incorporated  school,  the  provincial  board 
shall,  in  such  cases,  and  under  such  circumstances,  have  the  power  to  refuse  the 
license  a.ul  the  registration  of  the  degrees  or  diplomas  of  the  institutions  so 
reported  upon,  until  such  examinations  shall  have  been  amended.  For  such 
purposes  the  provincial  board  shall  appoint  or  elect  assessors,  two  or  more  of  whom 
shall  attend  the  examinations  at  each  university,  college  or  incorporated  medical 
school,  in  accordance  with  the  by-law  to  be  hereafter  passed  by  the  board.  It 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  above  in-'Itiitions  to  notify  the  provincial  board  of  the 
time  or  times  at  which  their  examinations  shall  be  held,  at  least  one  month 
previous  to  such  exantinations. 

(4.)  To  make  tariffs  of  rates  to  be  charged  in  towns  and  country  for  medical, 
obstetrical  or  surgical  advice,  or  for  attendance,  or  for  the  perf..rmance  of  any 
operation,  or  for  any  medicines  which  shall  have  been  prescribed  orsnpj.lied. 

(5.)  Such  a  tariflf,  to  be  valid,  must  be  approved  by  the  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  Province  of  (Quebec,  in  council,  and  can  only  come  into  force  six  months 
after  the  publication  of  such  tariff,  as  well  as  of  the  order  in  council  approving  the 
same,  at  least  once  in  the  Queb,-,'  Official  UnzrtW.  Such  tariff  shall  not,  in  case  of 
suit,  obviate  the  necessity  of  proof  of  the  giving  of  advice,  care,  prescriptions, 
medicines  and  other  things  therein  mentioned,  according  to  the  laws  then  in  force! 
S  14.  The  Provincial  Medical  Board  shall  have  the  power  to  fix  by  by-law,  the 
salary  or  fees  to  be  paid  to  the  officers,  to  the  examiners  and  the  assessors  appointed 
by  the  said  board;  as  well,  also,  the  fees  to  be  paid  by  all  candidates  entering  on 
the  study  of  medicine,  as  also  by  all  candidates  for  license  to  j.ractice  medicine, 
surgery  and  midwifery,  as  well  as  the  fees  to  be  paid  for  registration;  and  the  said 
t)oard  may  dispose  of  all  fees  received  in  whatever  mann.  r  they  may  think  most 
c<mducive  to  the  interests  of  the  college. 

6?  15.  The  qualifications  to  be  re<iuired  from  a  candidate  for  obtaining  a 
license,  authorizing  him  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery,  shall  consist 
in  his  holding  a  certificate  of  study  from  a  licensed  pliysician,  for  the  period  inter- 
veiling  between  the  course  of  lectures  which  lie  has  followed:  that  he  is  not  less 
than  twenty-one  years  of  age;  that  he  has  followed  his  studies  during  a  ,.eriod  of 
not  less  than  four  years,  commencing  from  the  date  of  his  admission  to  the  study 
of  medicine  by  this  board,  and  that,  during  the  said  four  years,  he  shall  have 
attended,  at  some  university,  college  or  incorporated  school  of  medicine,  within 
her  majesty's  dominions,  not  less  than  two  six-montlis'  courses  of  general  or 
descriptive  anatomy,  of  practical  anatomy,  of  surgery,  of  practice  of  medicine,  of 
midwifery,  of  chemistry,  of  materia  medica  and  general  thenipeutics.  of  the  insti- 
tutes of  medicine,  of  piiyaiology  and  general  jialhology ;  of  clinic:il  medicine  and  of 
clinical  surgery,  one  six-months'  course  or  two  three-months'  courses;  of  medical 
jurisprudence  and  of  liygiene,  one  three-niontlis'  course;  <,f  botany,  one  three- 
months'  course,  and  a  course  of    not   less    than  twenty-five  demonstrations  upon 


54 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


microHCopio  anatomy,  physioloKy  iuid  i)atliolo<,'y ;  rlso,  that  Im  shall  have  attended  the 
general  practice  of  a  hospital  in  which  are  contained  not  less  than  titty  beds,  under 
the  charge  of  not  less  than  two  physicians  or  surj,'eons,  for  a  jieriod  of  not  less  than 
one  year  and  a  half,  or  three  periods  of  not  less  than  six  luonths  each;  and  that  he 
shall  also  have  attended  six  cases  of  labor,  and  compounded  medicines  for  six 
months.  And  to  remove  all  doubts  with  regard  to  the  number  of  lectures  which 
the  incorporated  schools  of  medicine  of  the  Province  of  Quebec  are  bound  to  give, 
it  is  enacted  and  declared,  that  each  six  months'  course  shall  consist  of  one  hundred 
and  twe!ity  lectures,  except  in  the  case  of  clinical  medicine,  clinical  surgery  and 
medical  jurisprudince.  Of  the  four  years'  study  required  by  this  act,  three  six 
months'  sessions  at  least  shall  be  passed  in  attendance  upon  lectures  at  a  university, 
college  or  incorporated  school  of  medicine  recognized  by  this  board,  the  first 
whereof  shall  be  so  passed  the  session  immediately  succeeding  the  preliminary 
examination,  and  tlie  last  during  the  fourth  year  of  study,  and  the  candidate  shall 
undergo  an  exiiniiuation  (m  the  tini.!  subjects  of  the  curriculum,  at  the  end  of  the 
session  in  his  fourth  year  of  stud;. 

4?  It).  .^  11  )>ersons  ;>btaining  the  license  to  i)ractice  from  the  College  of  Pliysi- 
cians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  shall  be  styled  members  of  the  said 
college,  l)ut  shall  not  l)e  eligible  as  governors  within  a  period  of  four  years  from 
the  date  of  their  admission  as  members;  and  the  said  election  of  governors  shall 
be  made  under  such  rules  and  regulations  therefor  and  in  such  manner  as  the  board 
of  governors  shall  ordain.  The  members  of  the  college  shall  pay  the  sum  of  two 
dollar.:  a  year  for  the  use  of  the  college. 

{?  17.  The  Provincial  Medical  Board  shall  have  the  i)Ower  to  make  rules  and 
regulations  respecting  the  admission  of  females  to  the  study  and  practice  of 
midwifery  in  the  Province,  and  shall  determine  the  degree,  the  nature  and  extent 
of  the  knowledge  and  ([ualitications  required  from  women  who  wish  to  practice 
midwifery:  Provided  alway:i,  that  iiW  females  who,  at  the  time  of  the  passing  of 
this  act,  shall  have  been  legally  qualified  to  practice  as  midwives  in  this  Province, 
shall  retain  that  right,  but  shall  be  required  to  conform  to  such  rules  and  regula- 
tions as  may  hereafter  be  made  by  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
Quebec  respecting  them.  Nothing  in  this  section  or  in  the  by-laws  which  may  be 
made  shall  pi'event,  as  it  occurs  often,  women  in  the  country  from  practicing 
midwifery  or  assisting  midwifery  without  being  admitted  to  the  study  or  the  prac- 
tice of  midwifery;  but  they  must  obtain  a  certificate  from  a  duly  licensed  physician 
after  ascertaining  that  they  have  the  necessary  knowledge. 

§  18.  The  Provincial  Medical  Boiird  shall  cause  to  be  kept  by  the  registrar  a 
book  to  be  called  Register,  in  which  shall  be  entered,  from  time  to  time,  the  uanies 
of  all  persons  who  have  been  duly  licensed  and  registered  under  the  act  '10  Vict., 
chap.  2t),  or  under  this  act.  and  who  shall  h'l*''  complied  with  the  enactments  here- 
inafter contained,  and  with  ihe  rules  or  regulations  made  or  to  be  made  by  the 
Provincial  Medical  Board  respecting  the  qualifications  to  be  required  from  practi- 
tioners of  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery  in  the  Province  of  Quebec;  and  those 
persons  only  whose  names  have  been,  or  shall  hereafter  be,  inscribed  in  the  register 
above  mentioned,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  qualified  and  licensed  to  jtractice  medicine, 
surgery  and  midwifery  in  the  Province  of  Quebec.  And  such  register  shall  at  all 
times  be  open  and  subject  to  inspection  by  any  duly  registered  practitioner  of  the 
Pr.ivi.icp.  or  by  any  other  person. 

S  li).  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registrar  to  keep  the  register  correctly,  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act.  and  the  orders  and  regulations  of  the 


iitteiided  the 


y  IuhIh,  under 
not  less  tlmn 
i;  iind  that  he 
icines  for  six 
ectures  which 
)ound  to  give, 
f  one  liundred 
I  surgery  and 
act,  three  six 
t  auniversil.v. 
)avd,  tlie  first 
)  preliminary 
ludidate  shall 
le  end  of  the 

lege  of  Physi- 
srs  of  the  said 
ir  years  from 
Dvornors  shall 
r  as  the  board 
le  sum  of  two 

ake  rules  and 
d  practice  of 
ire  and  extent 
Oi  to  practice 
he  passing  '>f 
this  Province, 
es  and  regiilii- 
1  Surgeons  of 
which  may  be 
iin  practicing 
ly  or  the  prac- 
ised  physician 

he  registrar  a 
me,  the  names 
le  act  '10  Vict., 
ictments  here- 
)  made  by  the 
d  from  practi- 
bec;  and  those 
in  the  register 
jtice  medicine, 
iter  sliall  at  all 
titioner  of  the 

^r  correctly,  in 
dations  of  the 


CANADA— QUEBEC. 


55 


Provincial  Medical  Board;  and  lie  shall,  from  time  to  time,  make  the  necessary 
alterations  in  the  addresses  or  (lualificatioiis  of  the  persons  registered  under  this 
act,  and  the  said  registrar  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  shall  be  imposed  upon 
him  by  the  Provincial  Medical  Board. 

8  20.     The   registrar   of   the   college,   under   the3:direction    of   the    board    of 
governors,  shall  cause  to  be  printed  and  jmblished,  and  distributed  to  the  members 
of  the  college,  from  time  to  tii.;;-,  :i  copy  of  the  register  of  said  names,  which  he 
shall  plac(>  in  alphabetical  order,  inserting  the  names  and  surnames,  respective 
residences,  medical  titles,  diplomas  and  qualifications  conferred  by  the  college  or 
other  medical  body,  with  the  dates  of  the  same,  of  the  persons  iipi)earing  on  the 
then  existing  register  at  the  date  of  such  publication,  and  such  register  shall  be 
called  the  •' Quel)ec  Medical  Register;"  and  a  printed  copy  of  such  register,  certi- 
fied under  the  hand  of  such  registrars  as  such,  shall  be  pnrna  facie  evidence  )       ..e 
all  courts,  and  all  justices  of  the  peace  and  others,  that  the  persons  therein  luijied 
and  entered  have  been  registered  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  said  act;  and 
the  absence  of  the  name  of  any  person  from  such  copy  shall  he  prima  facie  proof 
that  such  i)erson  has  not  been  registered  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of 
the  said  act:  Provided  ahvays,  that  in  such  case,  where  a  pereon's  name  does  not 
appear  on  such  printed  copy,  a  copy  or  an  extract  from  the  register,  cert:.'ed  by 
the  registrar  of  the  college,  of  the  entry  of  such  person's  name  on  the  register, 
shall  be  proof  that  such  person  ik  registered  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
the   present   act.     And  a  certificate,  under  the  hand  of   the   registrar,   that   any 
member  whose  name  appears  on  the  register  has  paid  his  annual  contributions  to 
the  college,  shall  be  received  in  all  courts  of  justice  as  prima  facie  evidence  that 
such  payments  have  been  made. 

§  21.     If  the  registrar  be  convicted  of  a  felony,  he  shall  be  dis(iualitled  from 
again  holding  any  otlice  in  the  college. 

§  22.  Every  member  of  the  medical  profession  who,  at  the  time  of  the 
passing  of  this  act,  may  be  possessed  of  a  license  from  the  College  of  ;Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  Lower  Canada,  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery  in 
the  Province  of  Quebec,  and  who  shall  not  have  been  registered  under  the  act  40 
Vict,  chap.  26,  shall,  on  the  payment  to  the  registrar  of  the  fee  of  one  dollar,  and 
of  all  annual  dues  and  contributions  by  him  due  and  payable  to  tlie  heretofore 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  this  Province,  enacted  under  the  act  40  Vict., 
chap.  26,  le  entitled  to  be  registered,  and  is  obliged  to  cause  himself  to  be  so  regis- 
tered, on  producing  to  the  registrar  the  documents  conferring  or  evidencing  the 
qualiflraiion,  or  each  of  the  qualifications,  in  respect  whereof  he  seeks  to  be  so 
registered,  or  upon  transmitting,  by  post,  to  such  registrar,  information  of  his 
name  and  address,  and  evidence  of  the  qualifications  in  respect  whereof  he  seeks 
to  be  registered,  and  of  the  time  or  times  at  which  the  same  was  or  were  respect- 
ive.'y  obtained. 

§  2.3.  Any  person  required  or  entitled  to  be  registered  under  this  act,  and 
who  shall  ner  or  omit  to  be  so  registered,  shall  not  be  entitled  to  practice  medi- 
cine, Hurger  >r  midwifery,  or  to  claim  any  of  the  rights  and  privileges  conferred 
by  this  act,  a.id  shall  be  liable  to  all  the  penalties  imposed  by  this  act,  or  by  any 
•other  act,  upon  any  person  practicing  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  without 
being  registered  as  required  by  the  said  act. 

§  24.  Any  person  who  has  attended  medical  lectures,  during  three  sessions  of 
any  medical  school  in  the  British  dominions,  and  who  has  been  actually  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  the  profession  of  medicine  for  a  period  of  over  thirty  years  in 


) 


MM 


56 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


I 


this  Province,  miiy,  on  proof  of  these  facts  to  tho  sfttisfnotion  of  the  Provincial 
Medical  Board,  and  who  produces,  moreover,  a  certificate,  signed  by  two  resident 
medical  practitioners  in  the  neighborhood  where  he  has  practiced,  that  he  has 
succeeded  in  his  profession,  and  is  entitled  to  the  considsration  of  the  boi'rd,  be 
entitled  to  a  license  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery  in  this  Province, 
and  to  registration  without  examination. 

§  25.  No  person,  unless  otherwise  duly  authorized,  shall  be  entitled  to  recover 
any  charge,  in  any  court  of  law,  for  any  medical  or  surgical  advice,  or  for  attend- 
ance, or  for  the  performance  of  any  operation,  or  for  any  medicine  which  ho  shall 
have  proscribed  or  supplied,  nor  be  entitled  to  any  of  the  rights  or  privileges 
conferred  by  this  act,  unless  he  sliall  prove  that  he  is  registered  under  this  act,  and 
has  paid  his  annual  contribution  to  the  college. 

§  26.  No  certificate  required  by  this  or  any  other  act  now  in  force,  from  any 
physician,  surgeon  or  medical  practitioner,  shall  be  valid,  unless  the  person  signing 
the  same  be  registered  under  this  act. 

§  27.  Any  registered  member  of  the  medical  profession,  who  shall  have  been 
convicted  of  any  felony  in  any  court  of  law,  shall  thereby  forfeit  his  right  to  regis- 
tration, and,  by  thedirection  of  the  Provincial  Medical  Board,  his  name  shall  be 
erased  from  the  register;  or,  in  case  a  person  known  to  have  been  convicted  of 
felony  shall  present  himself  for  registration,  the  registrar  shall  refuse  such 
registration. 

S  28.  Any  person  not  entitled  to  be  registered  in  this  Province,  who  shall  be 
convicted,  upon  the  oath  of  one  or  more  witnesses,  of  having  practiced  medicine, 
surgery  or  midwifery  in  the  Province  of  Quebec  in  contravention  of  the  provisions 
of  this  act,  after  the  passing  of  this  act,  for  hire,  for  money,  goods  or  effects 
generally,  whatsoever,  or  in  the  hope  of  receiving  any  money,  goods  or  effects,  in 
the  hope  of  reward  (or  who  shall  receive  any  reward  whatsoever),  shall,  for  prac- 
ticing medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  incur  a  penalty  of  fifty  dollars. 

(2.)  A  like  penalty  of  fifty  dollars  shall  be  incurred  by  any  person  assuming, 
after  the  passing  of  this  act,  the  title  of  doctor,  physician  or  surgeon,  or  any  other 
name  implying  that  he  or  she  is  legally  authorized  to  practice  medicine,  surgery 
or  midwifery  in  this  Province,  if  unable  to  establish  the  fact  by  lega  ;.  if,  as 
required  by  the  present  act  and  the  laws  of  the  country. 

(3.)  Any  person  who,  after  the  passing  of  this  act,  in  an  advertisement 
published  in  a  newspaper,  or  in  written  or  printed  circulars,  or  on  business  cards, 
or  on  signs,  assumes  a  title,  name  or  designation  of  such  a  natv-e  as  to  lead  the 
public  to  suppose  or  believe  that  he  or  she  is  duly  registered  or  qualified  as  a  prac 
titioner  of  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  or  any  of  such  branches  of  the  medical 
profession,  or  any  person  who  offers  or  gives  his  or  her  services  as  physician, 
surgeon  or  accoucheur,  for  hire,  gain,  or  hope  of  reward,  if  he  or  she  be  not  duly 
authorized  or  registered  in  this  Province,  shall,  in  each  such  case,  incur  a  like 
penalty  of  fifty  dollars. 

(4.)  In  every  prosecution  under  tliis  act,  the  proof  of  registration  shall  be 
incumbent  upon  the  party  prosecuted. 

(5.)  The  penalties  imposed  by  this  act  shall  be  recovered  by  an  ordinary  civil 
suit,  in  the  name  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Province  of 
Quebec,  before  any  circuit  court  of  the  county  or  of  the  district  in  which  the 
defendant  is  domiciled,  or  in  which  the  offense  is  committed;  and  the  court,  if  the 
proof  is  sufficient,  may  condemn  the  defendant  to  pay  a  penalty  of  fifty  dollars,  in 
addition  to  the  costs,  within  a  delay  which  it  shall  determine,  and  to  an  imprison- 


i| 


the  Provincial 
two  resident 
i.  that  he  has 
the  boi'rd,  be 
this  Province, 

tied  to  recover 
or  for  attend- 
■which  ho  shall 
I  or  privileges 
)r  this  act,  and 

area,  from  any 
person  signing 

ihall  have  been 
right  to  regis- 
name  shall  be 

I  convicted  of 

II  refuse   such 

e,  who  shall  be 
ticed  medicine, 

the  provisions 
oods  or  effects 
s  or  effects,  in 
shall,  for  prac- 
irs. 

rson  assuming, 
in,  or  any  other 
idicine,  surgery 

lega   ;.     "if,  as 

advertisement 
business  cards, 
3  as  to  lead  the 
lifted  as  a  prac 
!  of  the  medical 
9  as  physician, 
she  be  not  duly 
;o,  incur  a   like 

tration  shall  be 

m  ordinary  civil 
;he  Province  of 
;t  in  which  the 
the  court,  if  the 
fifty  dollars,  in 
to  an  imprisou- 


CANADA— QUEBEC. 


57 


ment  of  sixty  days  in  the  common  gaol  of  the  district,  in  default  of  his  paying  the 
amount  of  the  judgment  within  such  delay.  The  warrant  of  such  imprisonment, 
in  such  cases,  shall  issue  under  the  hand  of  the  clerk  of  the  said  court,  on  a  written 
application  of  the  attorney  nd  litem  of  the  prosecutor,  and  nuiy,7mitatin  mutaiidis, 
be  accordfbg  to  form  (()  1),  in  the  schedule  to  the  Federal  act,  32-83  Victoria, 
chapter  31, and  shall  be  executed  in  the  usual  way:  rrovUled,  alwnijs, that  he  may, 
at  any  time,  claim  his  discharge  before  the  expiration  of  the  said  sixty  days,  on 
paying  the  penalty  and  costs  to  which  he  shall  have  been  condemned. 

(6.)  The  penalties  imposed  by  this  act  shall  be  recoverable  with  costs,  and 
he  same  may  be  sued  for  and  recovered  by  the  said  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  by  its  corporate  name;  and,  being  recovered, 
shall  belong  to  the  said  corporation  for  the  use  thereof.  And  neither  in  any  such 
suit,  nor  in  any  other  civil  action  to  or  in  which  the  said  corporation  may  be  a 
party  or  interested,  shall  any  member  of  the  corporation  be  deemed  incompetent 
as  a  witness  by  reason  of  his  being  such  member. 

§  29.  In  all  cases  wJiere  proof  of  registration  under  this  act  is  required,  the 
production  of  a  printed  or  other  copy  or  extract  from  the  register,  certilied  under 
the  hand  of  the  registrar  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec,  for  the  time  being,  shall  be  sufficient  evidence  that  all  persons  therein 
named  are  registered  practitioners,  in  lieu  of  the  production  of  the  original  register; 
and  any  certificate  upon  such  printed  or  other  copy  of  the  register,  or  extract  from 
such  register,  purporting  to  be  signed  by  any  person,  in  his  capacity  of  registrar  of 
the  college,  under  this  act,  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  that  such  person  is  such 
registrar,  without  any  proof  of  his  signature,  or  of  his  being  in  fact  such  registrar. 

§  30.  The  present  board  of  governors,  elected  under  the  provisions  of  the  acts 
hereinbefore  repealed,  shall  be  continued,  and  sliall  act  until  after  the  next  trien- 
nial election,  but  subject  in  all  other  respects  to  the  provisions  of  this  act;  and  all 
by-laws,  rules  and  regulations  heretofore  made  by  the  said  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  shall  remain  in  force  until  repealed  or 
modified  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

§  31.  The  officers  appointed  under  the  provisions  of  the  acts  repealed  shall 
retain  their  respective  offices,  and  perform  their  respective  duties  under  the  provi- 
sions of  this  act;  and  all  books  and  registers  heretofore  kept  by  them  in  conformity 
with  the  acts  hereby  repealed,  shall  be  continued  in  use  for  their  respective  purposes 
under  this  act. 

§  32.  The  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Province  of  Quebec  is 
hereby  vested  with  all  the  liglits,  powers,  privileges,  property  and  assets  heretofore 
belonging  to  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Lower  Cana  la,  and  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  erected  under  the  act '40  Vict.,  chap.  26. 

§  33.  No  person  licensed  to  practice  as  aforesaid,  and  enregistered  under  the 
said  act  40  Vict.,  chaf).  26,  shall,  by  reason  of  anything  contained  in  this  act,  be 
relieved  or  discharged  from  the  fulfillment  of  all  and  every  his  requirements 
and  obligations,  fees,  dues,  fines  and  penalties,  due  and  incurred  under  the  said 
act,  to  and  in  favor  of  the  heretofore  college  under  the  said  late  act,  and  specially 
in  and  by  the  15th,  20th  and  2l9t  sections  of  the  said  act,  all  which  shall  be  recov- 
erable and  enforceable  against  delinquents  therefor,  by  the  said  college  established 
by  this  act;  and  until  the  same  shall  have  been  complied  with  and  settled  with  the 
said  present  college,  such  delinquents  shall  not  be  entitled  to  any  of  the  rights 
and  privileges  conferred  upon  registered  licentiates  under  this  act. 

§  34.     It  shall  be  lawful  for  the  president  of  the  college,  if  he  shall  deem  it  expe- 


58 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


]% 


dient  so  to  do,  ut  any  time,  by  an  authority  under  his  hand  and  seal,  to  authorize, 
name,  constitute  and  appoint  any  person  other  than  any  of  tlie  officers  of  the  said 
coUcfre,  whoever  ho  may  select,  to  institute  any  proceedings  against  any  person 
whom  lie  may  suppose  to  have  infringed  any  of  the  ])rovisons  of  this  act,  and  to 
collect  any  and  all  sums  of  money  payable  to  the  said  college  by  any  pflrson  under 
this  net. 

{5  35.  Nothing  in  this  act  contained  shall  be  construed  to  affect  the  rights  of 
any  persons  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  28  Vict,,  chap.  59,  and  amended  thereto, 
29  Vict.,  chap.  95. 

§  36.     This  act  will  come  into  force  on  the  day  of  the  sanction  thereof. 

Assented  to  October  31,  1879;  May  27,  1882. 

Medical  Facilty  of  M'Gill  University. 

Montreiil,  Qne,  (Pop.    140,747.) 

Organized  in  1824  as  tho  Montreal  Medical  Iijstitutioa ;  became  tue 

medical  department  of  McGill  University  in  1829.     No  class  graduated 

during  the  Canadian  Rebellion,  1837-40. — Faculty  embraces  thirteen 

professors,  four  demonstrators  and  two  instructors. 

CouusE  OF  Instkuction  :  One  animal  session  of  six  months'  duration,  com- 
pulsory, and  one  summer  course,  optional,  annually.  —  The  ccmiplete  course  of 
study  extends  over  four  setssions  of  graded  instruction  with  weekly  quizzes. — At 
the  end  of  the  first  year  sessional  examinations  must  be  passed  on  anatomy,  physi- 
ology, chemistry,  materia  medica,  botany,  practical  anatomy. — At  the  end  of  the 
second  year  pass  examinations  on  anatomy,  practical  anatomy,  physiology,  chem- 
istry, practical  chemistry,  materia  medica. — Third  year,  s'  ssional  examinations  on 
medical  jurisprudence  with  toxicology,  hygiene,  medicine,  surgery,  midwifery. — 
Fourth  year,  final  pass  examinations  on  medicine,  surgery,  midwifery,  clinical 
surgery,  medical  anatomy,  surgical  anatomy. 

Requibementh :  For  admission,  see  section  eight,  Quebec  Medical  Act.  For 
graduation,  see  section  fifteen,  Quebec  Aledical  Act. 

Fees:  For  first  year,  $79;  second,  !{192;  third,  $75;  fourth,  $65;  hospital,  $28; 
matriculation,  $5;  graduation,  $30. 

Students;  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates, 

Percent. 

1877-78 

161 

27 

10+ 

1878-79       • 

166 

37 

22+ 

1879-80 

166 

30 

18+ 

1880-81 

168 

38 

22.7 

1881-82 

154 

27 

17.5 

1882  83 

184 

30 

16— 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
eighteen. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  20. 

Remahkh:    The  emphasis  of  italics  is  given  to  the  following  passage, 

under  the  caption,  "Matriculation": — 

"  It  is  very  important  that  intending  students  shottld  bear  in  mind 


il,  to  ftuthorlze, 
iers  of  the  said 
ist  iiuy  person 
this  act,  aud  to 
y  pflrsoii  uuder 

ct  the  rights  of 
iiended  thereto, 

1  thereof. 


;  became  tue 
iss  graduated 
races  thirteen 


dtarution,  com- 
plete course  of 
\y  quizzes. — At 
inatomy,  physi- 
tlie  end  of  the 
ysiology,  chem- 
xaminatiouH  on 
f,  midwifery. — 
wifery,  clinical 

dical  Act.     For 

;  hospitid,  $28; 

3ssion  reported. 

Percent. 

1C+ 

22+ 

18+ 

22.7 

17.5 

16— 
past  sis  years, 


iving  passage, 
bear  in  mind 


CANADA— QUEBEC. 


59 


the  following:  That  if  natives  of  Ontario  *  ♦  wish  to  obtain  the 
hcenso  of  the  Medical  Board  of  that  Province,  they  must  pass  the 
preliminary  examination  prescribed  by  that  board.  The  attention  of 
Ontario  students  is  particularly  directed  to  the  fact  that  the  new  medi- 
cal bill  before  the  Imperial  Parliament  will  allow  the  various  colonies 
to  make  what  regulations  they  please  regarding  registration.  When 
the  bill  becomes  law  Ontario  students  can  no  longer  evade  the  enact- 
ments of  the  council,  if  they  wish  to  practice  in  that  Province.'' 

EcoLE  UE  Medicine  et  de  Chikuroie  de    Montreal.     (Affiliated  with 

the  University  of  Victoria  College,  Uobourg.) 

Montreal,  Que. 

Organized  in  1843.  Degrees  were  first  conferred  on  its  students  in 
1845.  Degrees  have  been  conferred  each  subsequent  year.  — The 
faculty  embraces  twelve  professors,  one  lecturer  and  two  demonstrators. 

CouKSE  OF  Insthuction:  One  annual  session  of  six  months'  duration;  attend- 
ance upon  whicli  is  compulsory.  Students  are  not  received  after  the  first  month. 
The  complete  course  extends  over  tiiree  years  of  graded  instruction  with  weekly 
quizzes.  Lectures  embrace  chemistry,  pharmacy,  toxicology,  materia  medica, 
therai)eutics,  diseases  of  women  and  children,  physiology,  pathology,  princi[)les 
and  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery,  medical  jurisprudence,  botany,  hygiene, 
histology  and  ophthalmology. 

Recjuikkmenth  :  For  admission,  see  section  eight  of  the  Quebec  Medical  Act. 
For  graduation,  see  section  fifteen  of  the  Quebec  Medical  Act. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  if 2;  lectures,  .•fl20;  dissection,  $6;  graduation,  $30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates  — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1881  82  HI  .   6  5.3 

1882  83  125  ;53  .  26.4 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  years, 
.nxteen  and  one-lialf. 

Number  of  graduates  (degrees  from  the  University  of  Victoria  College)  in 
Illinois,  3. 

St.  Lawrence  School  of  Medicine. 

Quebec,  Que. 

Organized  in  1851.     Extinct  1852. 

Medical  Departments  of  Laval  University. 
Montreal  and  Quebec.     (Pop.  Quebec,  02,446.) 

Organized  in  1852.  (The  department  in  Quebec  is  the  successor 
of  the  Quebec  School  of  Medicine  which  was  organized  in  1848  and 
existed  four  years.     The  branch  in  Montreal  was  organized  in  1878.) 


60 


MEDICAL  TAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


The  first  class  graduated  in  1855  and  a  class  has  graduated  oach  year 
since.-  The  faculty  embraces  twenty- six  chairs,  thirteen  in  each  school. 

CouBSE  OF  Instruction:  One  amiudl  wewsion  of  about  thirty-five  weeks' 
duration;  attendance  is  compulsory;  the  course  is  graded  and  extends  over  four 
years.— Lectures  are  divided  into  two  sections,  primary  and  final.  Primary 
descriptive  anatomy  250  lectures,  practical  anatomy  180  lectures,  of  two  hours 
each,  microscopical  anatomy  and  histology  120  lectures,  physiology  150  lectures, 
general  pathology  80  lectures,  hygiene  60  lectures,  chemistry  240  lectures,  botany 
60  lectures;  examinations  at  the  end  of  this  course.  Final  section  includes  materia 
medica  and  general  therapeutics  240  lectures,  surgical  pathology  and  theoretical 
surgery  240  lectures,  medical  pathology  and  special  therapeutics  240  lectures,  toxi- 
cology 240  lectures,  medic*!  jurisprudence  60  lectures,  toxicology  60  lectures, 
diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear  60  lectures,  practical  operative  surgery  40  lectures, 
clinical  surgery  180  lectures,  clinical  medicine  180  lectures,  clinical  studies  of  the 
diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear  60  lectures,  clinical  midwifery  not  less  than  six  cases, 
clinical  study  of  diseases  of  women  and  children;  examinations  at  the  end  of  this 

course. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  see  section  eight  of  the  Quebec  Medical  Act. 
For  graduation,  see  section  fifteen  of  the  Quebec  Medical  Act. 

Fees:    Annual  fee,  $54;  diploma,  if 20. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 


Session. 
1877-78 
1878-79 
1879-80 
1880-81 
1881-82 
1882-83 


Matriculates. 

70 

65 

66 

97 
104 
117 


Graduates. 
16 
9 
16 
18 
12 


Percent. 
21.4 
13.8 
28.5 
13.5 
11.5 
22+ 


Average  percentage  of   graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 

eighteen. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  3. 

Faculty  of  "Medicine,  Umversity  of  Bishop's  Colleob. 
Montreal,  Que. 

Organized  in  1871.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1872,  and  a 
class  has  been  graduated  each  year  since.  Faculty  embraces  thirteen 
professors,  two  lecturers,  one  demonstrator  and  one  curator. 

CouBSB  OF  Instruction:  One  regular  cour«e  of  six  months'  duration  annually, 
and  a  preliminary  course  of  four  weeks'  duration.  Course  graded  and  extending 
.over  three  and  four  years;  longer  course  recommended  but  not  required.  Daily 
examinations  and  calling  of  the  roll.  —  Lectures  embrace,  first  session,  botany, 
anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  materia  medica,  medicine,  gynecology,  ophthal- 
mology, otology,  hygiene,  practical  chemistry,  practical  histology,  dissections, 
hospital  practice,  clinical  lectures.  Third  session,  medicine,  surgery,  pathology, 
obstetrics,  medical  jurisprudence,  hospital  practice  and  clinical  lectures. 

Requirements:  For  admission,  see  section  eight,  Quebec  Medical  Act.  For 
graduation,  see  section  fifteen,  Quebec  Medical  Act. 


„A-'   -V, 


!n. 


lated  oach  year 
in  each  school. 

thirty-five  weeks' 
extends  over  four 
iual.  Primary — 
res,  of  two  hours 
\oi^y  150  lectures, 

0  lectures,  botftuy 

1  includes  imiteriu 
;y  iind  theoretical 

240  lectures,  toxi- 
)logy  60  lectures, 
rgery  40  lectures, 
ical  studies  of  the 
ess  than  six  cases, 

at  the  end  of  this 

ebec  Medical  Act. 


h  session  reported. 

Percent. 
21.4 
18.8 
28.6 
18.6 
11.5 
22+ 
the  past  six  years, 


CoLLEOB. 

1  in  1872,  and  a 
mbraces  thirteen 
rater. 

•  duration  annually, 
ided  and  extending 
ot  required.  Daily 
rst  session,  botany, 
ynecology,  ophthal- 
itology,  dissections, 
surgery,  pathology, 
I  lectures. 
Medical  .\ct.     For 


COLORADO. 


61 


Fees:  Matriculation,  12;  lectures,  including  clinical  lectures,  IISC;  chemistry, 
$12;  aiuitomy,  $6;  histology,  $10;  hospital,  $12;  graduation  and  registration,  $21. 

SiinJENTs:  Number  of  nuitriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 


Session. 

1877  78 

1878  -7'J 

1879  80 
1880-81 
1881-82 
1882-83 


Matriculates. 
4.H 
30 
28 
31 
55 
:!4 


Graduates. 
10 
9 
6 
6 
6 
3 


Percent. 
23+ 
30 
21.4 
16+ 
10.!) 
8.8 
past  six  years. 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the 
eighteen. 

Remarkh:  K.  a.  IvENXEnY,  M.D.,  registrar,  writes:  "During  the 
past  year,  only  fifty  per  cent,  of  our  candidates  [for  admission]  were 
successful  at  examination.  It  has  been  our  aim  to  adopt  tlui  most 
modern  views  in  imparting  instruction." 


570.     Number   of 


COLOKAIM). 

Population,    191-,827.     Number   of    physicians, 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  841. 

An  Act  to  protect  the  Public  Health  and  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the 
State  of  Colorado. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Colorado: 

Section  1.  That  a  board  is  liereby  established  which  shall  be  known  under 
the  name  and  style  of  the  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners,  to  be  composed  of 
nine  practicing  physicians  of  known  ability  and  integrity,  who  are  graduates  of 
medical  schools  of  undoubted  respectability,  giving  each  of  the  three  schools 
of  medicine  (known  as  the  regular,  homcoopathic  and  eclectic  schools)  a  represen- 
tation as  follows,  to  wit:  six  physicians  of  the  regular,  two  of  the  homceopathic, 
and  one  of  the  eclectic  school  or  system  of  medicine. 

§  2.  The  governor  of  this  State  shall,  as  soon  as  practicable  after  this  act 
shall'have  become  a  law,  apjioint  a  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners,  as  provided 
in  section  one  of  this  act,  and  the  members  first  appointed  shall  be  so  designated 
by  the  governor  that  the  term  of  office  of  three  shall  expire  in  two  years  from  the 
date  of  appointment,  the  term  of  office  of  three  shall  expire  in  four  years  from 
the  date  of  appointment,  and  the  term  of  three  shall  expire  in  six  -ears  from  the 
date  of  appointment;  thereafter,  the  governor  shall  biennially  appoint  three 
members,  possessing  qualifications  as  specified  in  section  one,  to  serve  for  the 
term  of  six  years,  and  he  shall  also  fill  all  vacancies  that  may  occur,  as  soon  as 
practicable:  Provided,  that  in  making  biennial  appointments  or  filling  vacancies, 
the  representation  of  the  medical  schools  in  the  board  shall  nol  be  changed  from 
the  original  basis,  as  in  section  one  of  this  act. 

§  3.  The  board  of  medical  examiners  shall,  as  soon  after  their  appointment  as 
practicable,  organize  by  the  election  of  one  of  their  members  as  president,  one  as 
secretary  and  one  as  treasurer,  and  adopt  such  rules  as  are  necessary  for  their  guid- 
ance in  the  j)erformance  of  the  duties  assigned  them,  and  also  adopt  a  seal,  which 
shall  be  affixed  to  all  certificates  issued  by  them  to  practitioners  of  medicine. 


.^' 


62 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


§  4.  Thiit  everj-  person  prncticiiiff  inediciue  in  any  of  its  depiirtiuentH,  shall 
poHSOHR  the  qualiflcntions  rccjuired  by  this  net.  If  n  graduate  in  medicine,  he 
shall  present  his  diploma  to  the  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  for  verification, 
or  furnish  other  evidence  conclusive  of  his  bein^  a  ^{raduate  of  a  legally  jhartored 
medical  school  in  yood  standing;  the  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  shall  issue 
its  certillcate  to  that  effect,  signed  by  a  majority  of  the  members  th'-reof,  and  such 
diploma  or  evidence  shall  be  conclusive  as  to  the  right  of  the  lawful  holder  of  the 
same  to  practice  medicine  in  tiiis  State,  If  not  a  graduate  of  a  legally  chartered 
medical  institution  in  good  standing,  the  person  practicing,  or  wishing  to  practice 
medicine  in  this  State,  shall  present  himself  before  said  board  of  medical  exam- 
iners and  submit  himself  to  such  exiimination  as  defined  in  section  seven  of  this  act, 
and  if  the  examination  be  satisfactory  to  the  examiners,  the  said  board  of  medical 
examiners  shall  issue  its  certiticate  in  accordance  witii  the  facts,  and  the  lawful 
holder  of  such  certificate  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the  rights  and  privileges  herein 
mentioned.  All  persons  who  have  made  the  j)ractice  of  medicine  and  surgery  their 
jjrofession  or  busiuiss  continuously,  for  a  ))eriod  of  ten  (10)  years,  within  this 
State,  and  can  furnish  satisfactory  evidence  thereof  to  the  State  Board  of  Medical 
Examiners,  shall  receive  from  said  board  a  lioense  to  continue  jiractice  in  the  State 
of  Colorado. 

S^  5.  The  State  Board  of  Aledical  Examiners,  within  ninety  (itO)days  after  tlie 
passage  of  this  act,  shall  receive,  througli  its  j)resident,  applications  for  certificates 
and  examinations.  The  president  of  said  board  of  medical  examiners  shall  have 
the  (uithority  to  administer  oaths,  and  the  said  board  of  medical  examiners  to  take 
testimony  in  all  matters  relating  to  its  duties.  It  shall  issue  certificates  to  all  who 
furnish  satisfactory  proofs  of  having  received  dijilomas  from  some  legally  char- 
tered medical  institution  in  good  standing.  It  shall  prepare  two  (2)  forms  of 
certificates,  one  for  persons  in  possession  of  diplomas,  the  other  for  candidates 
examined  by  its  members.  It  shall  furnish  to  the  county  clerks  of  the  several  coun- 
ties a  list  of  all  persons  receiving  certilieates.  Certificates  shall  be  signed  by  a 
majority  of  the  members  of  the  board  of  medical  examiners  granting  them. 

§  G.  There  shall  be  paid  to  the  treasurer  of  the  State  Board  of  Medical 
Examiners  a  fee  of  five  dollars  (!f;5)  for  eacli  certificate  issued  to  gradua*e=.  or  ])rac- 
titioners  of  ten  (10 1  years'  standing,  and  no  further  charges  shull  be  made  to  the 
.applicant;  candidates  for  examination  shall  pay  a  fee  of  ten  dollars  ($10)  in 
advance. 

i^  7.  All  examinations  of  persons,  not  graduates,  shall  l)e  made  directly  by 
the  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners.  Examinations  may  be  in  whole,  or  part, 
in  writing,  and  the  subjects  of  examination  shall  be  as  follows:  Anatomy,  physi- 
ology, chemistry,  pathology,  surgery,  obstetrics  and  practice  of  medicine 
(exclusive  of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics). 

§  8.  Every  person  holding  a  certificate  from  the  State  Board  of  Medical 
Examiners  shall  have  it  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  county  in  wliich 
he  resides,  and  the  record  shall  lie  endorsed  thereon.  Any  person  removing  to 
another  county  to  practice  shall  procure  an  endorsement  to  that  effect  on  the 
certificate  from  the  county  clerk,  and  shall  record  the  certiticate  in  like  manner  in 
the  county  to  which  he  removes,  and  the  holder  of  the  certificate  shall  pay  to  the 
county  clerk  a  fee  of  one  dollar  ($1)  for  making  the  record. 

§  9.  The  county  clerk  shall  keep,  in  a  book  jirovided  for  the  jiurpose,  a 
complete  list  of  the  certificates  recorded  by  him.  If  the  certificate  be  based  on  a 
diploma,  he  shall  record  the  name  of  the  medical  institution  conferring  it  and  the 


liMi 


COLOKADd. 


08 


ipiirtiuentH,  »hnU 
in  medicine,  h« 
i  for  vciriilcution, 
legally  jluirtered 
linerH  slmll  issue 
hereof,  rtud  such 
Pul  holder  of  the 
legally  chartered 
filing  to  practice 
f  medical  exam- 
seven  of  this  act, 
loard  of  medical 
i,  and  the  lawful 
privileges  herein 
ind  surgery  their 
Jars,  within  this 
ioard  of  Medical 
3tice  in  the  State 

;tO)days  after  the 
IS  for  certificates 
iners  shall  have 
xaminors  to  take 
hcates  to  all  who 
me  legally  cliar- 
wo  (2)  forms  of 
r  for  candidates 
Ihe  several  coun- 

be  signed  hy  a 
ing  them. 
)aid   of   M((dical 
■adua'f-  or  ])rac- 

l)e  made  to  (he 
dollars  ($10)  in 

iiade  directly  by 
1  whole,  or  part, 
Anatomy,  pliysi- 
;e    of    medicine 

lard  of  Medical 
county  in  wliich 
ion  removing  to 
lit  effect  on  the 
ti  like  manner  in 
shall  pajf  to  the 

•  (he  purpose^  a 
e  be  based  on  a 
irring  it  and  the 


date  when  conferred.  The  register  shi."  be  open  to  public  inspection  in  buBinefls 
hours. 

§  10.  The  State  Board  of  Medical  Exanuners  may  refuse  eertiflcates  to  indi- 
viduals v/ho  have  been  convicted  of  conduct  of  a  criminal  nature,  and  they  may 
revoke  cer(i(icates  for  like  causes. 

8  11.  Any  person  shall  be  regarded  as  practicing  medicine  within  the 
meaning  of  this  act  who  shall  profess  pul)licly  to  l)e  a  physician  and  prescribor  for 
the  sick,  or  sliall  attach  to  his  name  tiie  (itle  "M.li.,"  or  •  Surgeon,"  or  "Doctor," 
in  a  medical  sense.  But  notliing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  prohibit  gratuit- 
ous services  in  cases  of  emergency. 

S  12.  Any  person  practicing  medicine  or  surgery  in  any  of  their  depart- 
ments, in  this  State,  without  comi)lying  wi(h  the  provisions  of  tiiis  act,  shall  be 
punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  (|50),  nor  more  than  three  hundred 
dollars  (|;)()0),  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  for  not  less  than  ten  (10)  nor 
more  than  thirty  (;iO)  days,  or  by  fine  and  imprisonment,  for  each  and  every 
offense;  and  any  person  tiling,  or  attempting  to  tile,  as  his  own,  the  diploma  or 
certificate  of  another,  or  who  shall  give  false  or  forged  evidence  of  any  kind,  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  a  felony,  and  upon  conviction  shall  be  subject  to  such  fine  and 
imprisonment  us  are  made  and  provided  by  the  statutes  of  this  State  for  the 
crime  of  forgery. 

§  13.  All  fees  received  by  tl>e  treasurer  of  said  board  of  examiners,  and  all 
fines  collected  by  any  officer  of  the  law,  under  this  act,  shall  be  i)aid  into  the  State 
treasury;  and  all  necessary  expenses  of  the  board  shall  be  paid  for  out  of  the  funds 
of  the  State  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated;  but  no  fee  shall  be  required  <,r 
accepted  by  any  member  of  the  board  for  services. 

t?  14.  The  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  shall  mctii  as  a  board  of  medical 
examiners  in  the  city  of  Denver,  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  January,  July  and  October 
of  each  year,  and  at  such  other  times  and  places  as  may  be  found  necessary  for 
the  j)erformance  of  their  duties. 

8  1.5.  Justices  of  the  peace  and  all  courts  of  record  in  the  State  of  Colorado 
shall  have  full  jurisdiction  over  and  ])ower  to  enforce  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Approved  March  14.  1881. 

Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Denver. 
Donvcn-,  Col.     (Pop.  1883,-00,000.) 

Organized  in  1881.  The  tirst  class  graduated  in  1882.-  -The  faculty 
embraces  thirteen  professors,  three  lecturers  and  one  domonstrtitor. 

CouiiHE  OF  Instbuction;  Extends  over  two  courses  of  twenty-four  weeks  each- 
graded  course  recommended,  but  not  requirecL—Lectures  embrace  principles  and 
practice  of  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  suigical  pathology,  principles  and  practice 
of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  diseases  of  women,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  chest,  and 
climatology,  physiology,  anatomy,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  chemistry,  diseases 
of  the  mind  and  nervous  system,  medical  jurisprudence,  ophthalmology,  practical 
chemistry,  microscopy,  pathological  anatomy,  laryngology  and  rhinoscopy. 

RmiUiBEMENTS:  For  admission,  (a)  high  school  or  college  diploma  or  [b) 
certificate  of  proficiency  from  a  reputable  teacher,  or  (c)  matriculation  ex.'uiina- 
tion  in  English  composition,  writing,  grammar,  arithmetic,  natural  nhilosophy, 
rudiments  of  Latin. — For  graduation,  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral 
character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  {B)  practical 


64 


MEDICAL  LAWS  ANU  INSTITUIIONS. 


anatomy  mid  clit'iniHtry  for  two  BexHions;  (6)  thesis;  (7)  satisfactory   nxaiiiiimtiou 
on  seven  difTori'ut  l)rancheH. 

Fkkh:     Aiiniml,  !{!Hri;  grndimtioii,  $S\(), 

Studknth:  Nuiiil)i'i'of  nmlii(!ulati'rt  and  of  graduati's  at  each  session  reported, 
nud  parcBntajfi'S  of  nradu;ito-<  to  luiitriouhites — 

Session.  Matriculates.  (Jraduation.  Per  ceut. 

18K1-81J  15  C  33+ 

1882-83  21  ,-)  L>3.8 

Avera^'e  percent,  of  graduates  to  inatriculiites,  during  the  past  two  yearn, 
tiventy-ci(iht. 

Rkmakks:  ConvHo  tickots  aro  now  ('ndorst'd  on  tbo  l)!ick,  ocrtifyini^ 
that  tho  loctiiros  of  the  professors  siytiiu<j  biiv(>  boon  actually  atti'iided. 

Medical  Dki-ahtment  of  the  Univeksitv  or  Colokado. 

Bouldor,  Col,     (Pop.  8,0(59.) 

Or{j;aniz('d  iu  18S3.  -  The  faculty  ombracoH  two  professors,  an 
instructor  tmd  a  domoustrator. 

CouusE  OK  Instbuction:  a  four  years'  graded  course,  embracing  nine 
months  of  lectures  iu  eacl>  year,  "with  a  compulsory  preliminary  education  and 
oxuminntiou  before  matriculating." —  During  the  session  of  1883-84  only  the 
studies  of  the  first  year's  course  will  be  taught,  viz:  Anatomy,  physiology,  chem- 
istry and  botany, 

Requihements:  For  admission,  (1)  diploma  from  recognized  college,  high 
school  or  scientific  school,  or  (2)  sutisfiictory  written  examination  in  English 
Latin  and  i)hysics,  and  either  German,  Frencli,  algebra,  geometry  or  botany. 

Fees:    Matriculation,  !j!5  for  residents;  $10  for  non-residents. 


CONNKCTK'UT. 

Population,  537,454.      Number   of   physicianB,    952.      Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  575. 
An  Act  to  Prevent  Irregular  Medical  Practice. 

Section  1.  Any  itinerant  person,  not  an  inhal)itant  of  this  State,  who  shall,  by 
circular,  handbill  or  any  other  mode  of  advertisement,  profess  to  treat,  and  shall, 
in  any  town  in  this  State,  treat  disease  or  injury  by  any  drug,  nostrum,  manipu- 
lation or  other  expedient,  shall  be  fined  twenty-five  dollars  for  each  day  th^t  he 
shall  exercise  his  profession  without  procuring  a  license  therefor. 

§  2.  Selectmen  in  towns  and  the  chief  officer  of  police  in  cities,  may  issue 
such  licenses  upon  payment  to  the  town  or  city  treasurer  by  such  itinerant  person 
of  the  suni  of  twenty  dollars  for  each  day  for  which  his  license  may  be  granted. 
The  license  shall  distinctly  .-.ir.te  the  number  of  days  for  which  it  shall  be  iu  force, 
and  may  be  renewed  at  its  expiration  for  any  further  time,  upon  the  same  t^rms. 
Such  selectmen  and  chief  officer  of  police  shall  record  such  licenses  in  books  kept 
by  them  for  that  purpose,  which  shall  be  open  to  public  inspection. 

§  3.  This  act  shall  not  apply  to  commissioued  surgeons  in  the  army  or  navy 
of  the  United  States,  to  any  person  rendering  gratuitous  services  in  cases  of  emer- 
ge.:cy,  nor  tb  any  physician  or  surgeon  coming  into  this  State  from  another  State 
to  consult  in  any  particular  case. 


ika 


)ry   tixainiiiatiou 


ROHHion  re|iorted, 

'it  cent. 

>3.8 

j)ftst  two   yearp, 

iick,  cortifyinj^ 
liilly  iitti'iided. 

OKADt). 


professors,  an 

embnicinj^  nine 
y  education  and 
?83-84  only  the 
lysiology,  chem- 

ed  college,  high 
ion  in  English 
or  botany. 


Number  of 


ite,  who  shall,  by 
treat,  and  shall, 
pstrum,  manipu- 
)ach  day  th^t  he 

cities,  may  issue 
itinerant  person 
may  be  granted, 
shall  be  in  force, 
the  same  terms. 
38  in  books  kept 

he  army  or  navy 
n  cases  of  emer- 
m  another  State 


CONNIXTICLIT. 


05 


§  4.  ProscciitionM  for  violiitionh  of  thin  act  may  be  heard  and  tlcterniined  by 
police  courts,  where  established,  and  by  justices  of  the  peace  in  towns  in  which 
such  courts  have  no  criminal  jurisdiction. 

Approved  April  12.  1881. 

MeI>I(!AL  DeI'AKTMKNT  Ol'  YaJ.E  CoLLE(tE 

Now  Havon,  Conn.     (Pop.  50,840.) 
Or<i;!mizo(l  in  IS  10,  as  the  Medical  Institntion  of  Yale  College.      In 
1879  a  new  charter   chap,,'od   the  title   to  the   present  readinjj.-  The 
faculty  enibrucos  (»i<rht  [Jiofessors  and  eij^lit  lecturers. 

TiiK  HYSTKM  OF  iNHTiujoTioN  is  arranged  in  a  graded  course  extending  over  three- 
years,  tliirty-fonr  weeks  in  each  year.  Lectures  embraced  in  the  llrst  com  sc:  general 
and  medical  chemistry,  <iualitative  analysis  and  toxicology,  anatomy,  dissections, 
normal  histology,  pliysioh)gy.  Second  year:  Anatomy,  dissection,  physiology,, 
pathology,  materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine, 
clinical  medicine,  obstetrics,  surgery,  clinical  surgery.  Third  year:  Pathology, 
theory  and  i)ractice  of  medicine,  pliysical  diagnosis,  clinical  medicine,  surgery, 
clinical  surgery,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  children,  diseases  of  women,  ophthalmology, 
medical  jurisprudence,  insanity,  diseases  of  the  throat  and  oar,  nervous  diseaseB. 
venereal  diseases,  diseases  of  the  skin.  Students  who  have  studied  elsewhere,  cither 
in  any  recognized  medical  school  or  under  private  preceptor  of  good  standing, 
may  enter  an  advanced  class,  upon  [passing  the  examinations  reipiired  of  etinal 
grade, 

Uecji'iukments:  For  admission,  (a)  a  degree  in  letters  or  science,  or  (h)  passage 
of  examination  for  admission  to  some  college;  or  (c)  examination  in  mathematics, 
including  algebra,  geometry,  the  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures,  and 
elementary  physics.  Students  not  fully  prepared  will  be  admitted  on  condition 
that  the  deticiency  be  made  up  within  a  reasonable  time.— For  graduation:  (1) 
twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  one  continuous  year  spent 
at  this  school,  and  pass  the  re(£uired  examinations  in  all  the  studies  of  tlie  three 
years'  course  satisfactorily  to  the  board  of  examiners. 

Fees:  Matriculation  (paid  once  only),  iji.^;  tuition,  annual,  $125;  for  the  third 
year,  to  those  who  have  attended  and  paid  for  two  full  years,  |G0;  graduation,  $30. 

Students:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates. 
1877  78                             58  10 
1878-79                             60  It; 

1879  80  82  12 

1880  81  26  10 
1881-82  21  2 
1882-83                             32                                       7 

Average  percent,  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
ttventy-flve. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  6. 

Prof.  C.  A.  Lindsley,  M.D.,  dean,  writes:  "The  falling  off  of 
matriculates  during  the  last  three  years  is  due  to  the  fact  that  an 
examination  for  admission  was  required  which  excluded  a  large  propor- 


Percent. 
17.+ 
26.6 
37.5 
42.4- 
9.5 
21.9 


66 


MKDIOAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONH. 


tion  of  Huch  as  iiH«*d  to  ho  lulmittod.  Tim  tt<rm  of  stud.,  was  also  incroHHod, 
Hiid  this  iiiadi'  tht<  oxpcnscs  soint»\vhat  j^rcator.  Ton  Htndontrt  appliod 
for  tho  dt»;;ro(«  at  th«  last  <,'iii(hiatiou  examination,  and  throo  of  tbo 
nuinhor  worn  rojucted." 

Tho  hoard  of  oxaniinors  consists  of  the  faculty  and  an  («|ual  niim- 
im-  of  tho  nioinhnrs  of  tho  Connocticnt  Statu  Medical  Society. 


KAKOTA. 

Population,  i:{r),177.  Numhcr  of  physicians,  212.  Nnniht^r  of 
inhahitants  to  each  jjliysician,  042. 

A  law  dosi>;ned  to  rcf^ulato  the  practici>  of  niodicino  and  surgery 
l)ass(vl  tho  territorial  Itigislatum  at  the  session  of  1.S.S2,  hut  was  vetoed 
hv  the  governor.  A  similar  law  was  introduced  at  the  last  (1883) 
session,  and  was  referred  to  a  committee,  the  chairman  of  which  was  a 
momhcr  of  tlio  medical  |>rofessi()n,  hut  who  refused  to  hriug  the  measure 
hofore  the  legislative  hody. 

DKLAWAHK. 

Poi)ulation,    Uf^,()OS.      Numl)er    of    physicians,    217.     Numher  of 
inhahitants  to  each  physician,  075. 
An  Aor  to  llf},'uliite  llie  Pnictice  of  Modiciue  in  tlif  Stiitf  of  Deliiwiue. 

Be  it  enncted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  of  Dela- 
ware in  General  Assembly  met: 

Section  1.  That  it  sliall  not  l)e  lawful  for  any  person  to  practice  medicitie  of 
surgery  iu  this  State  who  has  not  Kriidimted  with  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine 
and  received  a  diploma  from  some  medical  college  authorized  to  grant  diplomas: 
Provided,  that  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  persons  who  have 
been  eight  years  in  continuous  practice  in  this  State,  or  who  are  now,  or  may  here- 
after be  authorized  by  the  board  of  med-cal  examiners  of  this  State,  as  prescribed 
in  chapter  37,  section  3  of  the  revised  code  of  the  State  of  Delaware.  [The  medical 
board  of  examiners  shall  be  composed  of  as  many  fellows  as  the  society  shall  deem 
proper.  The  said  society  shall  api)oiut  its  own  president  and  secretary  and  shall 
have  power  to  grant  licenses  under  their  signatures  for  the  practice  of  medicine 
and  surgery  in  this  State,  and  they  are  hereby  required  to  grant  such  licenses  to  any 
person  applying  therefor  who  shall  produce  a  diploma  from  a  respectable  medical 
college,  or  shall  upon  full  and  impartial  examination  be  found  (lualifled  for  such 

practice. ) 

S?  2.  That  any  person  who  shall  practice  or  attempt  to  practice  medicine  or 
surgery,  or  siiall  prescribe  for  any  sick  person  or  persons,  or  perform  any  surgical 
operation,  for  fee  or  reward,  in  violation  of  section  one  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  in  any  court  of  competent 
jurisdiction  shall  be  fined  in  a  sum  of  not  less  than  one  imndred  dollars  nor  more 
than  five  hundred  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court, 
one  half  of  said  flue  to  be  for  the  use  of  the  informer,  and  the  other  half  for  the 
use  of  the  State  Board  of  Health. 


also  iiiTofiHod, 
idt'iitH  iippliod 
I  tlirtut  of  the 

lilt  (H|iml  niim- 

cidty. 


Nniiil)(*r   of 

n  iiiul  HViryery 
)ut  wuH  votood 
10  last  (1883) 
(f  which  WUH  u 
lU  tho  luoftHure 


Number  of 

ware. 

;he  State  of  Dela- 

ctice  medicine  or 
jctor  of  medicine 
)  ^riint  diploiuua: 
persons  wlio  have 
low,  or  may  here- 
ute,  as  prescribed 
re.  [The  medical 
ociety  shall  deem 
soretary  and  shall 
Btice  of  medicine 
ch  licenses  to  any 
speotaI)le  medical 
lunlifled  for  such 

ictice  medicine  or 
form  any  surgical 
t,  shall  be  deemed 
urt  of  competent 
dollars  nor  more 
ition  of  the  court, 
other  half  for  the 


DKliWVAUK     DlHTKKVr  (IF  CniAJMUIA. 


07 


S  .1  Any  piM-fioii  who  ^tiiill  iitli'inpt  to  pnicticc  iiifdicino  or  sinxi-ry  by  open- 
iu«  a  tr>iii-<ifnt  oflicc  wilhiii  (hin  State,  or  who  slmll  by  handl>illM  or  other  form  of 
written  or  printed  matter  or  advertisement  assixn  such  transient  olllce  or  (.lace  to 
meet  persons  neekin>,'  medical  or  rturj^ical  advice  or  |irescription,  niiall,  liefore  beinjf 
alhiwed  to  practice  as  aforesaid,  ui>pear  before  the  clerk  of  the  peace  of  any  of  the 
counties  of  this  Htate  ami  furnish  to  him  satisfactory  evidence  tiiat  the  provisions 
of  section  one  of  this  act  iiave  lieeu  (romplied  with;  the  saidch'rk  of  tlie  |ieac(«  shall 
thereupon  issue  to  the  person  so  applyiu},'  a  license  to  practice  medicine  and  sur- 
gery in  any  of  the  counties  of  this  State;  provided,  that  the  person  so  applyiu),' 
shall  pay  or  cause  to  be  paid  to  the  said  cU'rU  of  the  [leuce  as  a  license  fee  the  sum 
of  two  hundred  dollars  per  nuuum  for  said  privilege. 

S  4.  The  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  apply  to  physic-ians  who  are  rej^ular 
practitioners  of  any  other  State,  cominj,'  into  this  State,  in  consulliilion. 

!?  r>.  That  within  ninety  days  after  the  passage  of  this  act  every  physician 
engaged  in  the  |)ractice  of  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State,  shall  register  with  the 
clerk  of  the  peace  of  the  county  in  which  he  resides,  his  name,  date  of  gradunlion, 
and  the  college  from  which  he  was  graduated;  and  make  oath  or  allinnalion  that 
the  diploma  or  certiticate  of  his  nualilicatiou  to  practice,  which  he  is  hereby 
re(juired  to  exhibit  to  the  clerk  of  the  peace,  is  a  honu-flde  diplon\a  or  certillcate, 
and  conferred  upon  him  by  the  institution  named  therein;  or  timt  he  has  been  a 
practitioner  of  medicine  and  surgery  foj-  eiglit  years  or  nu)re.  Any  person  here- 
after engaging  in  the  practice  of  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State  shall  be  reipiired 
to  register  as  above.  Any  one  failing  to  comply  with  the  i)rovisions  of  this  section 
shall  forfeit  the  sum  of  ten  dollars,  to  be  collected  by  the  clerk  of  the  peace  before 
any  justice  of  the  county,  in  the  name  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  and  all  sums 
collected  shall  be  ai)pro[)riated  as  follows:  One-half  to  the  clerk  of  the  peace,  and 
one-half  to  be  paid  by  him  to  the  county  treasurer  for  county  purposes. 

§  6.     That  all  acts  or  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  herewith,  are  hereby  repealed. 

Passed  April  19,  1883. 


DISTRIOT  OF  COLTTMniA. 

Population,  177,624.  Number  of  physicians,  423.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  419. 

An  Act  to  Revise,  with  Amendments,  an  Act  to  Incorporate  the  Medical  Society  of 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States 
of  America  in  Congress  assembled: 

Section  1.  That  Frederick  May.  M.D..  Alexander  MoWilliams,  M.D.,  and 
twenty  others,  and  such  other  persons  as  they  may  from  time  to  time  elect,  and  their 
successors,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  a  community,  corporation  and  body  jjolitic, 
forever,  or  until  Congress  shall  by  law  direct  this  charter  to  cease  and  determine, 
by  and  under  the  name  and  title  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columba; 
and  by  and  under  the  same  name  and  title  they  shall  be  able  and  capable  in  law  to 
purchase,  take,  have,  and  enjoy,  to  theio  and  their  successors,  in  fee  or  for  lease, 
estate  or  estates,  any  lands,  tenements,  rentf,,  -mnuities,  chattels,  bank  stock,  regis- 
tered debts,  or  other  public  securities  within  the  District,  by  the  gift,  bargain,  sale, 
or  demise,  of  any  person  or  persons,  bodies  politic  or  corporate,  capable  to  make 
the  same,  and  the  same,  at  their  pleasure,  to  alien,  sell,  transfer,  or  lease,  and  apply 


(SS 


MEDICAL   lAWIS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


to  Huch  [HirpoHes  as  tliey  tniiy  luljudgc  most  conducive  to  the  promoting  and  dis- 
seminating medical  and  surgical  knowledge,  and  for  no  other  purpose  whatever: 
Provided,  lu'verthelcss,  that  the  said  society  or  body  politic  shall  not.  at  any  one 
time,  hold  or  possess  property,  real.  per;.onal  or  mixed,  exceeding  in  total  value  the 
sum  of  SiX  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 

{5  '1.  That  the  memljers  of  the  said  society  above  designated,  shall  hold,  in 
the  city  of  Wasliington.  two  stated  meetings  in  every  year,  viz:  on  tne  first  Mon- 
days in  January  and  July;  the  ollieers  of  tl:'  society  to  consist  of  a  president,  two 
vice-presidents,  one  corresponding  secretary,  one  r  nrding  secretary,  o  le  treasurer, 
and  one  librarian,  who  shall  be  appointed  on  the  ilrst  Monday  in  July,  one  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  thirty-eight,  and  on  the  annual  meeting  in  January  forever 
thereafter,  and  who  shall  hold  their  offlce.s  for  one  year,  and  until  others  are  cliosen 
in  their  stead  (not  less  tlian  seven  members  being  present  at,  such  meeting);  and 
the  society  may  make  a  common  seal,  and  may  elect  into  their  body  such  medical 
and  chirurgical  priictitioners,  within  the'District  of  Columbia,  as  they  may  deem 
qualitied  to  become  members  of  the  society,  it  being  understood  that  the  officers 
of  the  society  now  elected  are  to  remain  in  office  until  the  next  election  after  the 
passage  of  this  act. 

S  3.  'iliat  it  shall  and  nuiy  ije  lawful  for  the  said  medical  society,  or  any 
members  of  them  attending  (not  less  than  seven  I,  to  elet  ^^  ballot  five  persons, 
residents  of  tlio  District  of  Columbia,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  grant  licenses  to 
such  medical  and  chirurgical  gentlemen  as  they  may,  upon  a  full  examination,  judge 
(lualilied  to  practice  tiie  medical  and  chirurgical  arts,  or  as  may  produce  a  diploma 
from  some  respectable  medical  college  or  society,  each  person  so  ol)taining  a 
certificate  to  pay  a  sum,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  to  be  fixed  on  or  ascet-taiued  by 
the  society. 

55  4.  Tliat  any  tliree  of  the  examiners  shall  constitute  a  board  for  examining 
such  candidates  as  may  ap])ly,  and  shall  subscribe  their  names  to  each  certificate 
by  them  granted,  which  certificate  shall  also  be  countersigned  by  the  jiresident  of 
the  society,  and  have  the  seal  of  the  society  affixed  thereto  by  the  secretary,  upon 
paying  into  the  hands  of  the  treasurer  the  sum  of  money  to  be  ascertained  as 
above  by  the  society;  and  any  one  of  the  said  examiners  may  grant  a  license  to 
practice  until  a  board  in  conformity  to  this  act  can  be  held:  Provided,  that 
nothing  herein  contained  shall  authorize  the  said  corporation  in  anywise  to  regu- 
late the  practice  of  medical  or  chirurgical  attendance  on  such  persons  as  may  need 
those  services,  nor  to  establish  or  fix  a  tariff  of  charges  or  fees  for  medical 
attendance  or  advice. 

t;  5.  That  .iftcr  the  appointment  of  tlie  aforesaid  medical  board,  no  person 
not  heretofore  a  practitioner  of  medicine  or  surgery  within  the  District  of 
Columbia,  shall  be  aUowed  to  practice  within  the  said  District,  in  either  of  said 
branches,  without  first  l>aviiig  obtained  a  license,  testified  as  by  this  law  directed, 
or  the  production  of  a  diploma  from  «  respectable  medical  college  or  board  of 
examiners  established  by  law:  Provided,  that  the  professors  in  such  college,  or  the 
exar  iners  in  such  board,  be  men  regularly  instructed  in  medicine  and  surgery, 
and  the  collateral  branches  of  medical  education,  anatomy,  chemistry,  imder  the 
penalty  of  fifty  dollars  for  each  offense,  to  be  recovered  in  the  county  court,  whert^ 
he  may  rei.ide,  by  bill  of  presentment  and  idictment,  one-half  for  the  v^se  of  the 
society,  and  the  other  for  that  o'  the  informtr. 

§  (i.  That  every  person  who,  upon  api)licatior.  sluiU  be  elected  a  member  of 
the  medical  society,  shall  pay  a  sum.  not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  to  be  ascertained  by 
the  society. 


DISTRICT  (JF  COLUMBIA. 


09 


itiug  and  dis- 
lose  whatever: 
5t.  at  any  one 
otal  value  the 

shall  hold,  in 
lie  first  Mon- 
[iresident,  two 
Die  treasurer, 
uly,  one  thou- 
nunry  forever 
ers  are  cliosen 
neeting);  and 
such  medical 
ley  may  deem 
at  the  otfioers 
ition  after  the 

ociety,  or  any 
t  Ave  jiorsons, 
lilt  license?,  to 
ination,  judge 
uce  a  diploma 
J  obtaining  a 
iscertaiued  by 

for  examining 
ach  certificate 
e  jiresident  of 
i^cretary.  upon 
ascertained  as 
t  a  license  to 
Provided,  that 
ywise  to  regu- 
is  as  may  need 
s   for  medical 

ird,  iio  person 
16  District  of 
either  of  said 
i  law  directed, 
e  or  board  of 
college,  or  the 
!  anci  surgery, 
try,  under  the 
y  court,  wher« 
the  ose  of  the 

a  member  of 
ascertained  by 


§  .7.  Tliut  tlie  medical  society  be.  and  they  aie  hereby,  empowered  from  time 
to  time  to  Mwike  such  by-laws,  rules  and  regulations  as  they  may  tind  rei|uisite. 
which  by-laws,  rules  and  legulafious  shall,  in  their  application  and  operation.be 
exclusively  contined  to  said  society,  as  a  society  or  body  corporate,  and  not  to  its 
members  individually,  when  not  acting  in  a  corporate  character;  to  break  or  alter 
their  common  seal;  to  fix  the  times  and  places  for  the  meetings  of  the  boards  of 
examiners;  tjlliug  up  vacancies  in  the  medical  board;  and  to  do  and  i)erforiii  such 
other  things  as  may  be  requisite  for  carrying  this  act  into  exccuHon.  and  which 
may  not  be  repugnant  to  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States:  I'rorOled, 
always,  Itiat  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  any  person,  resident  as  aforesaid,  and 
not  prohibited  as  aforesaid,  when  specially  sent  for,  to  come  into  any  part  of  this 
District,  and  administer  or  prescribe  medicine,  or  jierforni  any  operation  for  the 
relief  of  such  to  whose  assistance  he  may  be  sent  for  :  And  provided,  also,  that 
nothing  in  t'-is  act  contained  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prevent  any  person,  living 
within  or  without  said  District,  from  administering  medicine  or  performing  any 
surgical  .peration,  with  the  consent  of  the  person  or  the  attendants  of  the  person 
to  whom  such  medicine  is  to  be  administered,  or  upon  whom  such  surgical  oi)era- 
tion  is  performed,  without  fee  or  reward;  nor  to  prevent  tlie  giving  advice  or 
assistance  in  any  way  to  the  sick  or  afflicted,  upon  charity  and  kindness;  nor  to 
prevent  the  receipt  of  reward  for  the  same,  if  voluntarily  tendered  or  made;  nor 
to  extend  to  midwifery  by  females;  and  any  person  so  administering  medicine  or 
performing  any  surgical  operation,  not  authorized  to  practice  nhysic  and  surgery 
according  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  prohibited  from  collecting  any  fee 
or  reward  for  the  same  by  any  process  at  law:  And  be  it  further  provided,  That  no 
()erson  shall  be  admitted  to  an  examination  until  he  shall  produce  satisfactory 
evidence  that  he  has  studied  physic  and  surgery  three  years,  including  one  full 
course  of  medical  lectures,  as  usually  taught  at  medical  schools,  or  four  years 
without  such  a  course  of  lectures. 

5?  8.  That  Congress  may  at  any  time  alter,  amend  or  annul  this  act  of  incor- 
poration of  said  society  at  pie-sure. 

Approved  July  7,  1888. 

Dr.  John  S.  Billing.s,  Surgeon.  U.  S.  A.,  writes:  "There  are  a 
certain  number  of  quacks,  abortionistH,  etc.,  in  the  District,  but  aa 
their  prosecution  would  be  troublesome,  and  it  appears  to  be  nobody's 
business  in  particular  to  initiate  proceedings,  nothing  is  done." 

Dr.  G.  L.  M\oruder,  treasurer  of  the  society,  writes:  "The  only 
law  that  exi.sts  in  this  District  in  regard  to  the  practice  of  medicine 
and  surgery,  is  contained  in  the  act  incorporating  the  medical  society. 
It  seems  to  have  been  inefficient,  from  the  fact  that  no  one  has  been 
especially  designated  to  enforce  it.  I  can  not  learn  of  any  trial  ever 
having  taken  place. 

"About  three  years  since  an  unsuccessful  atten.pt  was  made  to  get 
a  bill  passed  by  Congress  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine,  and 
there  has  been  tio  renewal  of  the  effort.  About  two  luindred  of  the 
four  hundred  and  nineteen  physicians  in  the  District  are  ntember-,  of 
the  medical  associatio'  ," 


70 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Many  of  the  students  in  attondance  at  the  medical  sohools  in  tb(> 
District,  bcinj^  rofi^ulaily  employed  in  the  varions  departments  and 
public  unic<>s,  lectures  are  begun  at  5:80  p.m.  To  the  same  cause  is 
also  largely  due  tlu'  relatively  low  jiercentage  of  gr.'iduates  to  matiicu- 
lates;  in  some  instances  students  continue  to  attend  aftr  thioe  or  more 
coui'ses  b(>fore  graduating,  or,  after  such  al  tendance,  go  elsewhere  to 
graduate. 

Nationai,  Medical  Collkiie. — [Mcdlcid  Di'partmnii  VoJainbian 

University.) 
AVashiugton,  D.  C.     (Pop.  147,21>3.) 

Organized  in  1S21,  as  the  Medical  Department  of  Clokimbian 
College.  Ir  was  also  authorized  to  use  the  title  of  National  Medical 
College.  In  187;{  (Columbian  College  became  Columbian  University. 
The  iirst  class  was  graduated  in  1822.  Operations  were  suspended 
fi-om  IS;U  tc^  1S;{8.  and  from  18(51  to  18(5;^  With  these  e.\ceptii  ns, 
classes  have  been  graduated  each  year  since  its  founding. — The  faculty 
embraces  seven  professors  4md  four  demonstrators. 

CouHSE  OP  iNHTUtiOTioN ;  One  graduating  course  of  tive  months'  tlnratinn.  iinil 
one  spring  coui-se  of  eiglit  lialf  weeks'  duration  annually.-  Lectures  embrace 
anatomy,  physiology.  histol<)f.,y,  pathology,  materia  medica.  therapeutics,  chem- 
istry, surgery,  obstetrics,  and  theory  and  i>ractice  of  medicine,  with  ample 
opportunity  for  bedside  irstructioii. 

Rkijuihe.ments:  '"ov  admission,  none.  For  graduation:  (1\  "candidates  must 
have  attended  three  courses  of  lectures  "  and  have  passed  examinations  at  the  cud 
of  the  second  and  third  years;  (2)  three  years'  study;  (U)  good  moral  character:  (41 
twenty-one  years  of  age;  (5)  di.^sected  at  least  two  sessions;  (0)  have  attended  two 
ccnirses  of  clinical  instruction.     Examinations  are  both  oral  and  written. 

Fees:  Matriculation  (paid  once  only),  $5;  lectures,  ;}ilOO:  demonstrator.  JJlO. 
Graduation,  ifSJiO;  i.  c,  examinations,  primary,  .'§20.  linal,  $10. 

Students  :  Number  of  matriculateH  and  of  grnduutes  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Mat 

riculates. 

(iraduutes. 

Percent 

1877-78 

68 

6 

11.3 

1878-79 

56 

11 

20. 

1879-80 

.56 

8 

14.3 

1880-81 

44 

6 

11.3 

1881-82 

62 

8 

15.4 

1882-83 

79 

10 

12.5 

Average    percent,    of   giaduates   to   matricultttes    during   the  past    tlx  years. 
foitrteen. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  ths  past  year,  6. 
Nuinber  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  8. 

Kemarks:     Dr.  A.  F.  A.  Kino,  dean,  writes:     "The  faculty  have 
recently  adopted   a   resolution   requiring   ii   preliminary  examination 


hooln  in  tb(> 
rtments  and 
line  cause  is 
s  tf>  matiicii- 
hi  oe  or  more 
elsewhere  to 


ihimbian 


Clolumbian 
mal  Medical 
I  University, 
e  suspended 
;  exceptii  ns, 
The  faculty 

'  tlniatioii.  iiiul 
tures  i-iiibriice 
peutics.  cheiii- 
.    with     iiniplp 

mdidates  iriust 
oris  at  tlie  cud 
charHCter:  i4) 
I  Httendcd  two 
ten. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 


71 


onstrator.  |10. 

ssion  rfcported. 

lit. 
3 

3 
3 
4 
5 

last    t.lx   vears. 

faculty  have 
exami  nation 

f 

before  matriculation,  but  the  details  could  not  be  arranged  to  go  into 
operation  soon  enouffh  for  oar  annual  announcement.'' 

Mj;d[oal  Department  of  the   Univehsity  of  Geokgetown. 
Wasbinifton,  D.  C. 

Organized  in  1850.  The  first  class  was  giaduated  in  1851- 
Classes  have  been  graduated  each  subsecjuent  year  since.  -The  faculty 
embraces  seven  ])rofessors,  four  clinical  professors  and  two  lecturers. 

CouKHK  OK  Instbuction:  Oiu'  nnnunl  lecture  term  of  thirty -four  weeks' duration; 
graded  course  extending  over  throe  years. — Lectures  embrace,  tirst  year,  anatomy, 
physiology,  materia  medica  and  cliomistry;  second  year,  anatomy,  j)hysiology. 
materia  medica,  chemistry,  pathology  and  diagnosia—medical,  surgical  and  obstet- 
rical—oplithalmology,  laryngology,  otology,  diseases  of  children,  hygiene  and 
medical  jurisprudence;  tliird  year,  same  as  second.  Examination  at  the  close  of 
each  year.     Daily  (piizzes  by  ihe  faculty.     Hospital  and  dispensary  clinics. 

Requikementh:  For  admission,  none.  For  graduation:  (1)  good  moral  char- 
acter; (2)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (3)  not  less  than  three  years'  study;  (4)  three 
full  courses  of  instruction;  (5)  two  courses  of  i)ractical  anatomy;  ((>)  two  courses  of 
clinical  instruction;  (7)  pass  all  examinations  with  rerjuired  (65)  percentage. 

Fees:  Matriculation  (paid  but  once),  $5;  full  course  of  lectures,  $100; 
demonstrator,  |10;  graduation  fee,  $30— remitted  to  those  who  have  paid  for  three 
full  courses  in  this  college. 

Students:  N  rubor  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  ol     raduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates. 

1877-78  40 

1878-79  38 

1879-80  54 

1P80-81  43 

1881-82     ■  30 

1882-83  27 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matricuhites  during  the  past  six  years, 
seventeen. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  16. 

Remarks:  Attendance  on  recitations  is  obligatory;  a  record  is  kept 
and  each  student  credited  at  the  end  of  each  course.  Examinations  at 
the  close  of  each  session,  for  each  class,  are  written,  and  three  hours 
are  allowed  to  each  branch. 

Medical  Department  of  Howard  University. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Organized  in  1867.  The  first  class  graduated  in  1871,  and  classes 
have  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  nine 
professors  and  two  demonstrators. 

CotTBSE  OF  Instruction:     One  annual  lecture  term  of  five  months'  duration, 


Graduates. 

Percent. 

4 

10. 

(> 

IG- 

13 

•      24-f 

5 

11.6 

7 

23.3 

4 

15- 

72 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  rNSTITUTIONS. 


-»■ 


Ij' 


nud  !i  summer  session  of  eight  weeks, — The  course  is  grnded,  extending  over  three 
sessions  in  different  years. — Lectures  embrnce  anntomy,  pliysiology,  chemistry, 
materia  medica,  therapeutics,  obstetrics,  hygiene,  practice  of  medicine,  surgery, 
diseases  of  women  and  children,  and  medical  jurisprudence.  The  instruction 
comprises  lectures,  recitations,  clinics  and  ])ractical  exercises. 

Recjuiuements:  For  matriculation,  (a)  good  moral  character;  ('))  sufficient 
knowledge  of  Latin  language  to  read  and  write  prescriptions  and  understand 
medical  terms;  (c)  pass  an  examination  in  ordinary  English  l)ranches. — For  gradu- 
ation: (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  three  years'  study,  including  three  courses 
of  lectures;  (3)  attended  clinical  lectures  and  dissections;  (4)  written  and  oral 
examination  on  required  branches;  (5)  thesis  on  original  observation. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  IglO;  demonstrator,  $,');  incidental  expenses,  jf;l5;  gradu- 
ating, .f  30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  jiercentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent. 

1877-78 

26 

9 

34+ 

1878-79 

30 

10 

33+ 

1879-80 

31 

13 

42- 

1880-81 

81 

13 

16+ 

1881-82 

91 

16 

17+ 

1882-83 

87 

31 

35+ 

Average  percent,  of  graduates  to  mati'iculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
twenty-seven. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  1. 

Remarks:  "This  college  is  free  to  all,  without  regard  to  sex  or 
race,  who  are  desirous  of  pursuing  the  study  of  medicine  and  are 
qualified  therefor  by  good  moral  character,  proper  age  and  suitable 
education." 


FL<)KII).\. 

Population,    269,408,     Number   of    physicians,    374.     Number   of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  720. 
An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  State  of  Florida. 

The  People  of  the  State  of  Florida,  rejiresented  in  Senate  and  Assembly,  do 
enact  as  follows: 

Section  1.  There  shall  be  appointed  by  the  governor  of  this  State  six  boards 
of  medical  examiners,  consisting  of  not  less  than  three  nor  more  than  five  practi- 
tioners of  medicine  of  acknowledged  skill  and  experience,  and  of  five  years'  practice 
in  this  State,  said  boards  to  be  located  respectively  at  Tallahassee,  Jacksonville, 
Pensacola,  Key  West,  Ocala  and  Tampa,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  carefully  examine 
any  and  all  persons  not  graduates  of  medicine,  who  have  not  heretofore  practiced 
medicine  in  this  State,  who  may  hereafter  propose  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  or 
obstetrics  in  this  Stat  i,  if  found  competent  to  practice  the  same,  said  boards 

shall  issue  a  certificate  vo  that  purport  to  such  person,  which  certiflcate  sh.  11  be 
recorded  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  of  each  county  where  the 
l)er8on  receiving  it  may  practice. 

§  2.    The  examination  by  the  boards  thus  appointed  shall  include  the  branches 


ing  over  three 
^y,  chemistry, 
icine,  Rurgery, 
le   instruction 

;  ('))  sufficient 
id  understand 
i. — For  grftdu- 
three  courses 
tten  and  oral 
I. 
(s,  $15;  gradn- 

ision  reported, 
nt. 


list  six  years, 

•d  to  sex  or 
ne  and  are 
ind  suitable 


Number   of 


Assembly,  do 

:ate  six  boards 
an  five  practi- 
years'  practice 
,  Jacksonville, 
ifuUy  examine 
fore  practiced 
ine, surgery  or 
le,  said  boards 
dcate  sh.  11  be 
iiity  where  the 

e  the  branches 


FLORIDA. 


73 


of  auiitomy,  operative  aud  minor  surgery,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and  chil- 
dren, and  the  general  laws  of  health. 

§  ;5.  The  said  boards  of  medical  examiners  shall  be  allowed  to  charge  and 
receive  the  sum  of  Ave  dollars  for  each  person  so  examined,  to  be  paid  upon 
receij)t  of  certificate  of  competency  by  the  party  examined. 

§  4.  That  from  and  after  the  passage  and  api)roval  of  this  act,  any  person 
who  shnll  commence  the  practice  of  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics  in  this  State 
without  having  first  obtained  such  certificate  and  recorded  the  same,  as  provided 
for  in  section  one  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and,  upon 
conviction  thereof,  shall  be  punished  by  fine  not  exceeding  two  hundred  dollars 
nor  less  than  fifty  dollars,  or  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  not  exceeding  six 
months,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court; 
provided,  that  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  be  construed  as  applying  to 
physicians  or  surgeons  temporarily  in  the  State  when  sent  for  to  perform  surgical 
operations  or  for  consultation,  or  to  women  commonly  known  and  designated  as 
"midwives;"  provided  further,  that  this  act  shall  not  apply  to  physicians  now  in 
this  State. 

4?  5.  Said  board  may  adopt  such  rules  and  regulations  as  to  examinations 
and  certific-.tes  as  they  may  deem  i)roper,  not  inconsistent  with  the  constitution 
and  laws  of  the  State. 

§  6.  All  laws  in  conflict  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  be  and  the  same  are 
hereby  repealed. 

Approved  March  7,  1881. 

The  4th  Hub-section  of  section  11,  general  revenue  laws,  provides 
that  lawyers,  doctors,  dentists,  druggists  and  photographers  shall  pay 
for  license  tax,  ten  dollars  ($10)  annually. 

Medical  Department  of  Florida  University  {Tallahassee  College  of 

Medicine  and  Sw-gery). 
Tallahassee,  Fla.     (Pop.  2,494.) 
Organized  in  1883.     The  faculty  embraces  six  professors. 

OoDBSE  OF  Instruction:  One  term  of  sixteen  weeks'  duration  annually. 
Lectures  embrace  anatomy,  surgery,  institutes  and  theory  and  practice  of  medi- 
cine. orthoi>edic  surgery  and  medical  jurisprudence.  The  college  posseF.ses  a 
•'  human  skeleton  and  dissected  preparations,  such  as  will  make  the  labors  of  the 
dissecting-room  less  disagreeable." 

Requirements:  For  admission,  none.— For  graduation,  "Any  suitable  person 
of  any  school  of  medicine  that  can  stand  a  thorough  examination  by  the  faculty, 
and  who  receives  the  vote  of  the  regents  of  the  university,  will  receive  a  diploma." 

Fees:  "Price  of  the  tickets  for  all  the  chairs,"  fCO;  "Examination  for 
graduation  and  degrees,"  $25.     "  Diploma,  no  charge." 

Remarks:    The  "dean"  of  this  institution  is  the  "Rev. , 

A.M.,  M.D.,  LL.D.,"  of  -  --, ,  „ud , ,— of  whom 

it  IB  remarked  in  tl\e  official  announcement  of  the  college,  that  "  The 
members  [of  the  faculty]  all  defer  complacently  to  the  views  and 
expr>Kitions  of  their  dean,  who  is  an  elderly  and  experienced  physician 


1 


1 


74 


MKinUAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


unci  author  in  medicine,  of  extenwive  workH  on  various  lirancheB.  whose 
primary  medical  education  wub  allopathic,  but  who  has,  for  years,  been 
entirely  dovot(>d  to  a  reform  in  tlie  healing  art,  and  a  reconstruction  of 
the  theories  of  the  science  of  medicine." 

(Extracts  from  the  Circular  of  the  Tallahussee  CoUe(ie.) 

"The  requirements  for  gi'aduation  are  the  equivalent  of  tliose  of 
the  higliest  order  of  medical  colleges  in  our  country.  But,  as  is  known 
to  every  one  of  good  judgment  and  exp<>rience,  no  time  rule  or  routine 
order  can  be  a  proper  basis  for  graduation."       *       *       * 

"  Inti'llectual  power  and  good  sense  are  prime  factors  of  profes- 
sional competency — these,  with  proper  instruction,  without  reference 
to  time  or  form,  can  alone  suffice." 

"  Candidates  for  graduation  or  degrees  naust  also  be  responsible  for 
themselves." 

"Persons  graduating  fn  .  this  college  will  be  competent  to  practice 
medicine  on  any  of  the  popular  systems." 


Population,   1,542,180.     Number  of  physicians,  1,995.     Number  ol 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  770. 
An  Act  to  Reguliite  tlie  Priiotice  of  Medicine  in  the  State  of  Georgiii. 

Section  1.  The  General  Assei^ibly  of  (ieorgia  do  enact,  That  no  person  shall 
practice  medicine  witliin  this  State  unless  he  has  been  legally  authorized  so  to  do, 
or  shall  hereafter  be  authorized  so  to  do,  by  a  diploma  from  an  incorporated 
medical  college,  medical  school  or  university,  and  by  compliance  with  subsequent 
sections  of  this  act. 

§  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That,  for  the  purposes  of  this  act,  the  words 
"practice  medicine"  shall  mean  to  suggest,  recommend,  prescribe  or  direct,  for 
the  use  of  any  person,  any  drug,  medicine,  appliance,  apparatus  or  other  agency, 
whether  material  or  not  material  for  the  cure,  relief  or  palliation  of  any  ailment 
or  disease  of  the  mind  or  body,  or  for  the  cure  or  relief  of  any  wound,  fracture  or 
bodily  injury  or  other  deformity,  after  having  received  or  with  the  intent  of 
receiving  therefor,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  any  bonus,  gift  or  compensaticm. 

g  3_  *  *  *  *  That  every  person  now  lawfully  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  within  this  State,  shall,  on  or  before  the  tirst  day  of  December,  eighteen 
hundred  and  eighty-one,  and  every  person  hereafter  duly  qualified  to  practice 
medicine,  shall,  before  commencing  to  practice,  register  in  the  office  of  the  clerk 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  county  wherein  he  resides  and  is  practicing,  or 
intends  to  commence  the  practice  of  medicine,  in  a  book  to  be  kept  for  the  purpose 
by  said  clerk,  his  name,  residence,  and  place  of  birth,  together  with  his  authority 
for  practicing  medicine,  as  prescribed  in  this  act.  The  person  so  registering  shall 
subscribe  or  verify,  by  oath  or  affirmation,  before  a  person  duly  qualified  to  admin- 
ister oaths  under  the  laws  of  this  State,  an  atfidavit  containing  such  facts,  and 
whether  such  authority  is  by  diploma  or  license,  and  the  date  of  the  same,  and  by 
whom  granted,  wHich  shall  be  exhibited  to  the  county  clerk  before  the  a)^>plicaut 


nches.  whose 
r  years,  been 
ustructiou  of 


t  of  tliose  of 
,  aw  is  known 
le  or  routine 

•s  of  j>rofeH- 
lut  reference 

sponsible  for 

it  to  practice 


Number  of 


10  person  kIiuII 
>rized  bo  to  do, 
1  incorporated 
itli  subsequent 

net,  the  words 
j  or  direct,  for 
'  other  agency, 
of  any  ailment 
md,  fracture  or 
I  the  intent  of 
jmpensaticm. 
the  practice  of 
mber.  eighteen 
ed  to  practice 
ce  of  the  clerk 
practicing,  or 
for  the  purpose 
h  his  authority 
igistering  shall 
lifted  to  admin - 
moh  facts,  and 
B  same,  and  liy 
!  the  iipplicaut 


GEOiUHA. 


75 


shall  be  allowed  to  register,  and  wliicli.  if  willfully  fal-e.  shall  subject  the  aftiani  to 
conviction  and  punishment  for  false  swearing.  The  county  clerk  to  receive  a  fee 
of  fifty  cents  for  each  registration,  to  be  paid  by  the  person  so  registering. 

8  4-  *  *  *  *  'I'hat  any  registered  physician  In  this  State,  who  may 
change  his  residence  from  one  county  into  another  county  in  this  State,  shall 
register  within  the  clerk's  office  of  the  county  to  which  lie  removes,  and  wherein  he 
intends  to  reside  and  to  practice  medicine,  as  provided  in  section  three  of  this  act. 
§  , 5.  *  *  *  *  'I'hat  any  person  who  violates  either  of  tlie  four  preceding 
sections  of  this  act.  or  wlio  shall  practice  or  offer  to  j>ractice  medicine  without 
lawful  auttiority,  or  under  cover  of  a  diploma  or  license  illegally  obtained,  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and,  on  conviction,  shall  he  punislu'd  by  a  fine 
of  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  nor  more  than  live  luindred  dollars,  or  t)y 
imprisonment  for  not  less  than  thirty  nor  more  than  ninety  days,  or  botli.  The 
tine,  when  collected,  shall  be  paid  the  one-lialf  to  tlie  person,  persons  or  corpora- 
tion making  the  complaint,  the  other  half  into  the  county  treasury. 

§'>•****  That  nothing  in  tliis  act  shall  ajiply  to  commissioned 
medical  officers  of  the  United  States  nrmy  or  navy,  or  to  the  United  States  nuirine- 
hospital  service,  or  to  legally  (lualitied  dentists  in  the  practice  of  their  profession, 
or  to  any  woman  practicing  only  midwifery. 

5^  7_  *  *  X:  *  1•^^^^^  ,|jj  j„.ovisions  of  laws  providing  for  the  organization, 
((ualitication  and  duties  of  any  and  all  lioards  of  physicians,  of  any  school  what- 
ever, be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed,  and  there  shall  henceforth  exist  in  this 
State  no  board  of  physicians,  but  the  only  requisite  ([ualilications  of  practitioners 
of  medicine  shall  be  those  hereinbefore  set  forth. 

5^  8,     Ht     *     *     *     'phat  all  laws  or  parts  of  laws  in  conflict  with  this  act  be, 
and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed. 
Approved  September  28,  1881. 
An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Granting  of  Medical  Diplomas. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  etc..  That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  it 
shall  be  unlawful  for  the  faculty  or  officers  of  any  medical  college  in  the  State  of 
Georgia  to  grant  or  issue  a  diploma  to  any  student  of  medicine,  or  other  person, 
unless  said  student  or  other  person  shall  have  attended  two  or  more  full  courses  of 
study  in  some  regularly  chartered  medical  college  in  good  standing,  and  shall  have 
submitted  to  and  passed  a  creditable  examination  by  the  faculty  or  professors  of 
said  college  upon  all  the  branches  usually  taught  in  medical  colleges. 

§  2.  *  *  *  *  That  if  the  faculty  or  officers  of  any  medical  college  in 
this  State  shall  violate  any  of  the  provisions  of  the  preceding  section  of  this  act. 
he  or  they  shall  be  subject  to  a  line  of  five  thousand  dollars,  said  fine  to  be  col- 
lected out  of  the  property  of  any  or  all  of  said  faculty  or  officers  of  said  college. 
The  fine,  when  collected,  shall  be  paid  the  one-half  to  the  i)erson,  persons  or 
cori)oration  giving  the  information,  the  other  half  into  the  county  treasury,  to  be 
used  for  educational  purposes  only. 

§  3.  *  *  *  *  That  all  laws  and  parts  of  laws  in  conflict  with  this  act  be. 
and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed. 

Approved  September  27,  1881.  , 

Medical  College  of  Georgia  (Medical  Department  of  the  University 

of  Georgia.) 
Augjusta.     (Pop.,   1883— f}0,000.) 
Organized  in  182'.),  as  a  medical  academy,  and  has  been  in  constant 


78 


MEDICAl,  LAWS  AND  INHTITUTKINS. 


operation  over  since,  except  durinjj  the  period  of  the  war.  In  1873  it 
became  the  medical  department  of  the  State  University.  The  faculty 
embraces  two  emeritus  professors,  six  professors,  six  lecturers,  a 
demonstrator  and  [irosector,  an  assistant  (lemonstrator,  and  eight 
dispensary  and  clinical  assistants. 

CotiBSB  OF  Inhtuiictkin:  One  imiiiiiil  ^riiduiitiiin  course,  liegiiniiiij^  November 
1  HUd  ending  Miircli  1 — neventuen  weeks.  Oiiided  course  of  three  terms  recom- 
mended, but  not  required.  Lectures  embrace  obstetrics  iiud  diseases  of  women 
and  children;  medical  chemistry  and  ))harmacy;  surgery  and  gynecology;  anatomy 
nud  ()|)erative  surgrt'y;  i)hysioh)gy  and  pathology;  materia  medica,  therapeutics, 
and  medical  jurisprudence;  practice  and  institutes  of  medicine;  skin  and  venereal 
diseases;  diseases  of  the  eye;  throat  and  ear  diseases;  physical  diagnosis. 

REyuiui.MENTs:  For  admission,  none.  For  graduation:  "  A  candidate  for  the 
degree  if  doctor  of  medicine  must  have  attended  two  full  courses  in  this,  or  one 
in  this  and  one  in  some  other  college  in  good  standing.  No  student  of  immoral 
character  will  be  admitted  for  examination." 

Fkks:  Matriculation  (once),  )i!5;  tickets  of  full  course,  $75;  practical  anatomy 
(once),  IjllO;  diploma,  $'M). — Where  the  graded  course  of  three  terms  is  followed,  the 
usual  fees  are  charged  for  the  first  and  second  terms,  but  the  third  is  offered 
gratuitously.  Two  students  from  each  congressional  district  of  the  State  are 
admitted  gratuitously,  and  a  limited  number  of  beneficiaries  are  received  from 
South  Carolina. 

Students:  No  lists  of  matriculates  and  graduates  have  l)eeu  received.  At  the 
commencement  in  1883,  a  class  of  23  was  graduated. 

Southern    BoTANico-MEnicAL  College. 

Forsj^th  and  Macon,  Ga. 

Organized  in  1889,  at  Forsyth.  Removed  to  Macon  in  1846. 
Name  changed  to  the  Reform  Medical  College  of  Georgia,  in  1854. 
The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1841,  and  classes  were  graduated  every 
year  until  1861.  There  was  no  graduating  class  fi-om  1861  to  1867, 
inclusive.  A  class  was  graduated  in  1868,  and  in  each  subsequent  year 
until  1874,  when  the  name  was  again  changed  to  the  College  of 
American  Medicine  and  Surgery,  and  the  school  was  removed  to 
Atlanta,  where  it  now  exists — vkie  infra. 

Thompsonian  College. 
Barbourville,  Ga. 
Organized  about  1850.     Extinct. 


Savannah  Medical  College. 
Savannah,  Ga. 
Organized  185:1 — Closed  during   the   war,    1861-66.      SiLspended 


since 


1880. 


i 


.  In  1878  it 
Tho  facultj 
lecturers,    a 

«•,    and   eight 

uinj;  Novt'iuber 
■e  terms  rccom- 
L'(ineH  of  women 
loloj^y;  iiuiitoiny 
cii,  thonipeutics, 
Lin  and  venereal 
uonis. 

luididate  for  the 
s  in  this,  or  one 
lent  of  immoral 

•actical  anatomy 
s  is  followed,  the 
third  is  offered 
)f  the  State  are 
e  received  from 

received.    At  the 


icon    in 
rgia,  in 


1846. 

1854. 
raduated  every 
1861  to  1867, 
ibsequent  year 
ihe  College  of 
,8   removed   to 


.SiLspeuded 


i 


OE()K(}IA. 


77 


Atlanta  Mepioal  Collkok. 
Atlanta,    Ga.     (Poj).    87,400.) 

Organized  in  1 854.-  Closed  during  the  war,  I S6 1  65.  Reorganized 
in  1865.  Classes  were  graduated  from  1855  to  1861.  inclusive,  and 
each  subsequent  yeai-— The  fjiculty  embraces  eight  {.rofessors,'  one 
Bssistimt,  two  lecturers  and  om*  <lemonstrator. 

OounsK  OF  Inhtkuciion:  The  current  lecture  term  hejrau  t'tctober  U  188.-} 
and  will  close  March  1, 1884.  "  ( )winK  to  the  lenKthenin«  of  the  .course  of  lectured' 
the  prehmiaary  course  has  l.een  dispensed  with."  Lectures  embrace  anatomy' 
physiology,  chemistry,  materia  medica,  i.raclice,  general  pathology,  obstetrics  and 
diseases  of  women  and  children,  di.seases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  and  surgery.  Instruc- 
tion is  also  given  on  vener«ial  diseases,  diseases  of  the  throat  and  n.inor  surgery 
Medical  clinics  are  held,  and  -.[uizzes  are  given  from  time  t«  time  by  the  pro- 
fessors to  tlioso  who  desire  to  enter  their  names  on  the  lists." 

Requhiements:  For  admission,  none.  -For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  ^4)  two  full  courses  of 
lectures;  (r.)  thesis,  or  a  report  of  any  of  the  cRnics;  (0)  satisfactory  examination 
on  subjects  mentioned  above. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $5;  demonstrator,  |10;  full  course,  |76;  graduation  $30. 
In  compliance  with  a  law  making  u  donation  to  the  building  and  apparatus  of  the 
college,  tickets  for  the  full  course  are  given  gratis  to  one  student  from  each  con- 
gressional district  in  the  State. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates - 

Percent. 
■2G+ 
27+ 
42+ 
33+ 
41+ 

Average  percent,  of  graduates  to   matriculates   during   the   past  six   years 
thirty-four.  ^' 

Oglethorpe  Medical  Colleoe. 
Savannah,  Ga, 
Organized  in  1855,  and- continued  its  sessions  until  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war,  1861.     Extinct. 

Keform  Medical  College. 
Macon,  Ga. 
Organized  in  1854.     See  remarks  under  Southern  Botanico- Medical 
College,  above.     Name  changed  in   1874  to  the  College  of  American 
Medicine  and  Sm-gery — vide  infra. 

College  of  Amehican  Medicine  and  Surgery— (£c/ech"c)". 

Atlanta,  Ga. 
Organized  in  1874  as  the  successor  of  the  Reform  Medical  College 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduate 

1877-78 

88 

23 

1878  79 

125 

34 

1879-80 

101 

43 

1880-81 

93 

31 

1881  82 

135 

56 

1882-83 

126 

39     • 

7S 


MEDICAL  LAWH  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


(it  Macon.  Uouiovod  to  Atlanta  in  IHSl  —ride  snpm.  Tlio  first  class 
undor  this  iiauio  was  jjradnati'il  in  IS74.  Thoro  was  no  f^raduating 
class  in  1S77,  '78,  '7i),  "SO  or  'SI.  -The  facMilty  oiubraccs  six  profossors 
and  an  assistant  demonstrator. 

CoUHHK  i)F  Inhtiuiotion :  Two  couiKCr*  of  It'Citures  of  rtixU'»'u  we  kw'  duration 
iinnuiilly.  Lecttiros  cinhi-iice  tlii'  i)riiicii>l(w  anil  priuitife  of  iniidicine  uiid  Hurgory, 
iiiiiitoiuy,  |>hirtiolo>r.v.  lii«tolo>^j'.  iiiicroscop.v,  miitfriii  iiiedicii,  therapeutitw,  piith- 
oloify,  fheniiMtry,  toxicolojjy.  pimnimcy.  oljstt'trics  and  diHoaHi'ii  of  women  and 
children. 

Re(jiii«ementh:  For  admission,  (a)  seventeen  years  of  ag«;  {b)  good  common 
school  rdncation;  {<•)  good  moral  character.  "No  inteinpernte  i^tudent  will  be 
admitted  on  any  terms."  For  graduation:  (1)  three  years'  study;  (2)  two  courses 
of  lectures;  (A)  thesis  or  clinical  report;  (4)  '-must  have  attended  clinics  and 
dissected." 

Fees:     Matriculation,  |r>;  full  course,  $5(1;  demonstrator.  |10;  graduation,  $2r.. 

"This  college  will  educate  one  student  from  each  congressional  district  in 
Georgia  free  of  charge." 

Studenth:  Session  of  1882-83  — Matriculates,  24;  graduates,  14.  Peroeutage 
of  graduates  to  matriculates,  fifty-eiijM. 

Rem.«.kk4:  S.  F  Salteh,  M.D.,  dean  of  the  faculty,  writes  that  he 
"cannot  vouch  for  any  of  the  graduates  previous  to  1882-83,  the  earlier 
records  having  been  destroyed  l)y  fire,  and  the  late  records  stolen." 

The  Eclectic  Star,  the  organ  of  this  institution,  makes  the  follow- 
ing anuouucemeut:  "  The  janitor  will  meet  all  the  day  trains  from  the 
first  of  October,  and  will  have  a  badge  on  his  hat.  He  will  bring  you 
direct  to  the  coll(>ge  and  attend  to  your  baggage;  will  furnish  free  ride 
to  those  who  matriculate  at  this  college.  Do  not  be  misled.  Come, 
and  do  not  listen  to  a  single  drummer  until  you  visit  us." 

Georoia  Kclectic  Medioai,  College. 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

Organized  in  1877.  The  first  class  graduated  in  1877  and  classes 
have  graduated  each  subsecjuent  year.  The  faculty  embraces  eight 
professox's  and  oue  demonstrator. 

Course  t>F  Instbuotion:  One  course  of  lectures  of  five  months'  duration 
annually.  Lectures  embrace  physiology,  anatomy,  chemistry,  toxicology,  surgery, 
materia  medica,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  pathology,  medical  jurisprudence, 
nervous  and  venereal  diseases,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and  children,  dental 
practice  and  surgery.  Daily  quizzes  are  held  by  the  faculty.  Each  member  of  the 
graduating  class  is  required  to  present,  once  a  week,  a  thesis  on  some  subject 
already  covered  by  the  lectures,  and  defend  the  same. 

Requirements:  For  admission,  none.— For  graduation;  (lUwenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  thesis;  (6) 
must  have  dissected  the  best  part  of  the  term;  (6)  "must  have  been  diligent  in 
attending  the  lectures  and  clinics;"  (7)  "thorough  examination  on  the  respective 
branches  taught  in  the  college." 


llO    Hist.  clllHH 

)  fjriuluiiting 
ix  profosHors 

^1  tin'  duration 
iH  and  Hurgory, 
iiptmtitw,  path- 
)f    womon  and 

good  common 
student  will  be 
^2)  two  courses 
led  clinicH  and 

raduation,  $2ri. 
)n«l  district  in 

4.     Percentage 

krites  that  be 
i3,  the  earlier 
1  stolen." 
)s  the  foUow- 
ains  fi'oin  the 
ill  bring  yon 
tiish  free  ride 
sled.     Come, 


'7  and  classes 
ibraces  eight 

snths'  duration 
3ology,  surgery, 
1  jurisprudence, 
children,  dental 
1  member  of  the 
n  some  subject 

weuty-one  years 

(4)  thesis;  (6) 

leen  diligent  in 

1  the  respective 


OEOIUHA     IDAHO.  ^ 

Fkkh:  r,eoturHs,  ijifiO;  demonstrator,  !j!r.;  gnidiiation,  |L'.V  "The  faculty  have 
alway^  admitted  several  benetieiaries." 

STnoKNTH:  ^uraber  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates— 

Hession.  Matriculates.            Graduates.  l'(weenl. 

1881-82                        81                            24  •«,».« 

188a  83                         07                             18  27- 

Average  percent,  of  giaduales  to  luatrieulates  during  the  past  two  years, 
(wenty-i'i'dht. 

Kemauks;  The '-(lean"  of  tlio  Medical  Di>|)ai-tm(>nt  of  the  ^"  rida 
Univcn-sity  at  TiiilahasHoe  (which  see  ante,  page  73),  is  also 
anuounced  as  the  incnmbeiit  of  the  chairs  of  general  and  si)ociiil  path- 
ology ami  of  medical  jurisprndence  in  the  last  nimnal  announcement 
of  this  ('olieg«». 

SoKTHKRN  Medical  Colle(»e. 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

Organiz(>d  1879.    Faculty  embraces  nine  professors  and  two  lecturers. 

CoubheofInhtkuotion:  The  regular  annual  session  begins  the  lir.st  week  in 
October  and  ends  the  first  week  in  March.-  Lectures  embrace  principles  and  prac 
tice  of  medicine,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and  children,  physiology,  hygiene, 
surgery,  anatomy,  materia  medioa,  therapeutics,  toxicology,  disenses  of  the  eye,  ear 
and  throat,  chemistry,  venereal  diseases,  dormatology.  and  dental  surgery.  Hospital 
and  dispensary  clinics  are  given,  and  quizzes  by  the  professors  to  such  students  ae 
desire  them.     A  graded  course  of  three  years  recommended,  but  not  required. 

Recjuibements:  For  admission,  none.— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  "must  have 
attended  the  dissections;"  (5)  "must  undergo  a  personal  and  satisfactory  examina- 
tion before  the  faculty— examination  must  occur  at  close  of  session,  except  in  oases 
of  pressing  necessity,  and  then  only  by  unanimous  consent  of  the  faculty;"  (6) 
thesis,  or  report  of  clinio. 

Fees:  Matriculation  (paid  once),  |5;  tickets,  full  course,  |75;  demonstrator. 
1 10;  diploma,  $30. 

Students:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentagcK  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent 
1879-80                           64                                     8  12+    * 
1880-81                          106                                    88                            364- 
1881-82                          128                                   87                            29+ 
1882-83                          104                                    87                           35+ 
Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates,  during  the  past  four  years, 
thirty. 


IDAHO. 

Population,  82,010.    Number  of  physicians,  51.    Niunber  of  inhabi- 
tants to  each  physician,  640. 

Dk.   Jesse  K.  Dubois,  of  Boise  City,  writes:     "There  are  no  laws 


80 


MEUK'AL  LAWH  AND  INHTlTll TIONH. 


(jovorniiif^  tho  practico  of  phjHic,  in  thiH  icrritory.  Our  Ic^ifiHlatun* 
moctH  hicimially,  iind  last  winter  we  ntt('iiii>to(l  to  have  a  hill  passcnl 
roj^nlatiiif,'  tho  practice,  hut  without  avail.  Tlu«  ju-ofosHion  in  rcprowuttHl 
by  Hoiuo  j^ood  intMi  and  honest  men.  There  are  others  not  so  f^ood  or 
honest,  lint  the  meinl)ors  of  the  h^j^islatnr**  do  not  secern  inoliiiod  to 
■protect  th(>  profession  from  the  invasion  of  adveniurerh  and  charlatans 
from  the  Kastern  States  and  California,  and  we  liave  "o  means  of  relief. 
It  would  he  desirablt*  to  have  some  rej^ulations,  but  there  are  no  chances 
for  that  for  two  years  at  least." 


IM.INOIS. 

Population,  ;{,niH,0t4  (based  on  school  census,  June,  18S2).  Num- 
ber of  physicians,  5,71(5.*  Nnuiber  of  inhabitants  to  each  physician. 
582. 

While  still  a  territory  fHid  sparsely  settled  along  the  river  fronts 
and  water  courses  of  Southern  Illinois  only,  efforts  wore  already  being 
made  by  the  pioneer  practitioners  to  n>gulate  the  practice  of  medicine 
and  to  foster  and  encourage  the  cause  of  medical  education.  In  1817 
an  act  of  the  teiTitorial  legislature — with  a  })reamblo  reciting  that  "well 
regulated  medical  societies  have  been  found  to  contribute  to  the  diffu- 
sion of  true  science  and  particularly  to  the  knowledge  of  the  healing 
art" — divided  the  territory  into  two  medical  districts;  all  that  portion 
of  the  temtory  lying  east  of  the  meridian  lino  "  ninning  due  north  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,"  formed  tho  Eastern  Medical  district,  and  that 
west  of  said  line  formed  the  Western  Medical  District.  In  the  former, 
Drs.  I.  D.  WoLVEUTON,  James  E.  Thuoomorton.  Thomas  Shannon,  Henry 
OLDUA;\r,  James  Wilson,  John  Reid,  Amos  Chipp,  Samtiel  K.  Campbell  and 
Hardin  M.  Wetherford  wore  authorized  to  meet  at  Cai'mi  (White 
coitnty);  and  in  tho  latter,  Drs.  Joseph  Bowers,  "  Todd  of  Edwardsville," 
"Hancock  and  Hbath  of  St.  Clair,"  Caldwell  Carnes,  George  Fisher, 
W.  L.  Reynolds,  George  Cadwell  and  "Penn  of  Kaskaskia,"  were 
empowered  to  meet  at  Kaskaskia  (Uandolph  county),  "on  the  first 
Monday  of  May,  in  the  year  oi  our  Lord  eighteen  hundred  and  eigh- 
teen," and  there  proceed  to  the  choice  of  officers  for  the  respective 
societies  so  constituted. 

Section  2  directed  that  these  S(3cieties  should  hold  annual  meetings 
and  endowed  them  with  the  usual  powers,  duties  and  resi)onsibiJities  of 


♦This  iucluilt's  all  pliysir mus  en(»tiK'<?'l  in  pinetice— ns  well  those  exempt  frcini  the  Medical 
Prnctlce  Act  by  renwa  of  length  of  prnctico  in  the  State  before  the  [mssn^e  of  the  net,  n»  those 
holdluB  certifientes  or  licenses  from  the  State  Boaud  of  ?T«:alth.  There  are,  in  aililitiou.  nhout 
535  Knidimtes  nud  licentiates  not  eufrnsed  in  practice,  including  dentists,  drnKijists,  and  others 
engaged  iu  comniereial  or  other  pursuits,  and  also  those  who  have  retired— making  the  total,  6,251. 


r'- 


^ 


e> 


^>. 


.9u.\^^\> 


b^ 


,..# 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


Ui 


I 


40 


M 

2.2 


12.0 


1.8 


1.25 

!.4 

1.6 

*i 6"     — 

► 

p 


%^ 


/ 


'c*l 


c^>^ 


i  -^^ 


:->  s^^ 


i 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  VVEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


liMHiAi 


ts 


Q- 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


ILLINOIS.  81 

corporrtt*^  bodioH.  Section  8  empowered  them  to  examine  students  and 
grant  diplomas,  charging  a  fee  of  ten  dollars  for  each  diploma.  Section 
4  provided  for  the  appointment  of  censors,  authorized  to  examine  stu- 
dents; those  passing  such  examination  receiving  a  license  from  the 
president  of  the  society  which  entitled  thom  ''  to  practice  physic  or 
surgery,  or  both,  until  the  next  annual  meeting,"  at  which  it  is  infeired 
they  were  then  provided  with  the  diploma.  Section  5  made  it  unlawful 
for  any  person,  after  the  organization  of  the  said  societies,  to  commence 
practice  without  passing  the  examination  and  obtaining  the  diploma; 
the  penalty  for  so  doing  being  disqtialitication  "forever  thereafter,"  for 
the  collection  of  any  debts  incurred  by  such  unauthorized  practice. 
Section  6  emjxnvered  the  societies  to  acquire  and  hold  property,  real 
and  personal,  to  the  amount  of  twenty  thousand  dollars  each.  Section 
7  concerned  the  right  of  the  societies  to  make  by-laws,  rules  and  regu- 
lations. Sections  S  and  S)  related  to  the  fiscal  affairs  of  the  societies, 
the  duties  of  the  treasurer  and  jiresident  in  relation  thereto,  and  to  the 
duties  of  the  secretary.  Section  10  provided  for  the  assessment  of 
members,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  annually,  "  for  th^  purpose  of 
procuring  a  medical  libraiy  and  apparatus,  and  for  the  encouragement 
of  useful  discoveries  in  chemistry,  botany,  and  such  other  improvements 
as  the  majority  of  the  society  shall  think  proper."  Section  11  recog- 
nized the  right  of  any  one  to  come  into  the  teiTitory  to  practice  who 
was  duly  authorized  to  practice  in  the  State,  territory  or  country  from 
which  he  came,  and  "having  a  diploma  from  any  such  medical  society." 
Sections  12  and  18  provided  for  alteration,  modification  or  repeal  of  the 
act,  and  declared  it  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage,  December  31, 
1817. 

Within  a  year  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  State  was  admitted 
into  the  Union,  December  3,  1818,  and  there  is  no  record  that  any  action 
was  taken  to  carry  out  its  provisions.  During  the  session  of  the  first 
general  assembly  the  following  act  was  passed: 

An  Act  for  the  Establishment  of  Medienl  Societies.    Approved  March  24th,  1819. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  People  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  represented  in 
the  General  Assembly ;  That  the  State  shall  be  divided  into  four  medical  districts, 
in  each  of  which  there  shall  be  held  a  board  of  physicians.  The  counties  of  Bond, 
Madison,  Washington,  St.  Clair  and  Monroe  shall  form  the  tirst  district*  H  shall  l)e 
the  duty  of  each  and  every  practicing  physician  to  meet  at  the  town  o-'  Jlleville, 
on  the  second  Monday  in  May  next.  The  counties  of  Franklin,  Johnson,  Alexan- 
der, Union,  Jackson  and  Randolph  shall  form  the  second  district,  and  hold  their 
meeting  in  Brownsville,  on  the  same  day.  The  counties  of  Pojie,  Gallatin,  White 
and  Jefferson  shall  form  the  third  district,  and  meet  on  the  same  day  at  Shawnee- 
towu.  T!-.e  counties  of  Edwards,  Crawford,  Wayne  and  Clark  shall  form  the  fourth 
district,  and  meet  at  the  town  of  Palmyra,  on  the  day  before  mentioned.  And 
6 


1 


82 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


being  so  convened  bs  af orepnid,  or  any  of  tliein,  being  not  less  than  five  in  unmber, 
shnll  proceed  to  th«'  choice  of  president,  viee-jireFideiit.  secretary  and  treasurer,  who 
shall  hold  their  offices  for  one  year  and  until  others  are  chosen  in  their  places. 

§  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  whenever  said  societies  shall  be  organized 
as  aforesaid,  they  are  hereby  declared  bodies  corporate  and  [)olitic  in  fact  and  in 
name,  by  the  name  of  the  medical  society  of  the  district  where  such  societies  shall 
be  respectively  formed,  and  by  that  name  shall  in  law  be  capable  of  suing  and 
lieinf.'  =ued,  pleading  imd  being  impleaded,  answering  and  being  anf  wered  unto, 
deft  tiding  and  being  defended,  in  all  matters  and  causes  whatsoever,  and  shall  and 
mry  have  a  cuiiimon  seal,  and  may  alter  iind  renew  the  same  at  jjleasuie.  And  the 
said  medical  societies  shall  and  may  agrei'  ujjon  the  times  and  places  of  their  next 
meeting. 

§  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  said  societies  established  as  aforesaid, 
shall  hav.'  jiower  to  examine  nil  students  who  may  make  application  for  that 
purpose,  and  ^raut  dii)lomas  under  the  hand  and  stial  of  the  president,  before 
whom  such  student  may  be  examined:  Provided,  that  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be 
so  construed  as  to  prevent  any  person  coming  from  any  other  jilace  from  prac- 
ticing in  this  State,  such  person  producing  to  either  of  said  societies  a  diploma 
from  any  respectable  university  of  the  United  States,  or  any  other  country.  And 
the  person  receiving  such  diploma  shall,  upon  t  le  receipt  of  the  same,  pay  to  the 
treasurer  of  said  society  the  sum  of  ten  dollars  f'^r  the  use  of  said  society. 

§  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  fro.  •  <;nu  -ifter  the  organization  of  the 
said  medical  societies,  no  person  not  having  a  diploma,  or  previously  practicing  in 
the  State,  .hall  commence  the  practice  of  pl.ysic  and  surgery,  in  either  of  the  afore- 
said districts,  until  he  shall  have  passed  an  examination  as  hereinafter  directed; 
and  if  any  [lerson  shall  so  practice  previous  to  having  obtained  a  diploma,  he  shall 
thereafter  be  disqualified  from  collecting  any  debt  or  debts  incurred  by  sui  h  prac- 
tice, in  any  court  or  before  any  magistrate  in  this  State. 

§  5.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  aforesaid  medical  societies  shall,  at 
such  annual  meetings,  appoint  a  committee  of  live  of  their  members,  whose  duty  it 
shall  be,  or  any  two  of  them,  at  all  times  to  examine  such  student  as  may  make 
application  for  that  purpose;  and  shall  grant  to  such  student  a  certificate,  if 
qualified,  which  shall  be  ".vuicicnt  to  empower  him  to  practice  until  the  next 
meeting  of  such  society,  whereupon,  by  producing  said  certificate,  the  president 
shall  grant  a  diploma  agreeably  to  the  rules  and  regulations  of  said  society. 

§  6.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the 
medical  societies  established  by  this  act,  to  purchase  and  hold  any  estate,  real  arid 
personal,  for  the  use  of  the  societies  resjjectively. 

§  7.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  the  societies  established  by  this  act  shall 
be  empowered  to  make  such  by-laws,  rules  and  regulations,  relative  to  the  affairs 
and  property  of  said  societies,  as  they  or  a  majority  of  their  members  shall  deem 
most  proper  and  correct:  Provided,  that  the  by-laws,  rules  and  regulations  be  not 
contrary  to,  nor  inconsistent  with,  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  or  of  this 
State. 

§  8.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  physician, 
residing  within  the  bounds  of  either  of  the  aforesaid  districts,  to  keep  a  true  and 
accurate  record  of  all  the  births,  deaths  and  diseases  which  may  take  place  within 
the  vicinity  of  his  practice,  which  record,  or  a  copy  of  the  same,  he  shall  transmit 
(o  the  president  of  the  society,  and  which  list  or  record  shall  be  by  the  president 
published  in  one  or  more  newspapers  of  this  State;  and  any  physician  refusing  or 


1 


ILLINOIS. 


bH 


five  ill  uninhcr, 
il  treaBnreT.  who 
heir  places, 
all  be  or>fHiiized 
!  ill  fact  and  iu 
ill  Bocietips  shall 
lie  of  suing  itnd 
ans  wered  untii. 
fr,  and  shall  and 
asme.  And  the 
:ei<  of  their  next 

ed  as  aforesaid, 
ication  for  that 
iresident,  before 
this  act  shall  be 
ilace  from  jirac- 
ieties  a  diploma 
ir  cotmtry.  And 
same,  pay  to  the 
society. 

i;aui/.ation  of  the 
isly  practicing  in 
ther  of  the  afore- 
iinafter  directed; 
diploma,  he  shall 
red  by  su'  h  prac- 

societies  shall,  at 
ers,  whose  duty  it 
jnt  as  may  make 
t  a  certificate,  if 
ce  until  the  next 
ate,  the  president 
aid  society, 
je  lawful  for  the 
y  estate,  real  arid 

d  by  this  act  shall 
itive  to  the  aflfairs 
!mbers  shall  deem 
regulations  be  not 
i  States  or  of  this 

f  every  physician, 
o  keex>  a  true  and 
T  take  place  within 
,  he  shall  transmit 
B  by  the  president 
ysician  refusing  or 


failing  to  make  out  the  aforesaid  list  or  record,  and  transmitting  the  same  !?« 
aforesaid,  shall  pay  to  such  society  as  he  may  belong,  the  sum  of  ten  dollars  for 
the  use  of  said  society. 

§  0.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  if  any  physician  residing  iu  this  State 
at  the  passage  of  this  act,  shall  refuse  to  attend  on  the  second  Monday  in  May 
next,  or  any  other  of  the  stated  meetings  of  said  societies,  [he  |  shall  pay  to  the 
treasurer  of  tlie  society  of  wliich  he  is  a  member,  the  sum  of  five  dollars,  unless  a 
good  and  sufficient  excuse  shall  be  given  at  the  next  meeting  of  said  society. 

§  10.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  society  to 
deputize  one  of  its  members  as  a  member  of  a  general  or  State  society,  which 
shall  be  holden  eacli  year  at  the  seat  of  government,  and  organized  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  district  societies  first  before  mentioned. 

§  11.  And  be  it  further  enpcted.  That  the  board  of  physicians  may  examine 
medical  bills,  which  may  be  by  the  patieut  considered  exorbitant,  and  make  such 
deductions  as  may  to  them  seem  reasonable;  and  when  such  deduction  is  made,  it 
shall  be  obligatory  on  the  physician  making  tlie  same,  to  return  such  part  or 
surplus  as  may  be  unreasonably  made,  wliich  may  be  recovered  before  any  justice 
of  the  peace  or  court  of  law.  with  costs. 

Two  years  later,  January  3,  1821,  the  foregoing  act  was  repealed, 

and  the  Fourth  General  Awsembly  then  enacted  the  f<jllowing: 

An  Act  Prescribing  the  Mode  of  Licensing  Physicians.      Approved  January  15 
1825. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  People  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  represented  in  the  General 
Assembly : 

Section  1.     That  for  the  purpose  of   forming  a  board  of  censors,  to  grant 
license  to  practicing  physicians  in  this  State,  theie  shall  he  five  districts  foniivd: 
the  first  district  to  be  'Zomposed  of  the  counties  of  Pike.  Fulton,  Greene,  Morgan, 
Sangamon,  Mciitgomery   and  Fayette;    the   second  district,  of   tho..  counties  of 
Jackson,  Randolph,  Monroe,  St.  Clair,  Madison  and  Bond;   the  third  district,  of 
the    counties  of    Alexander,  Pope,  Gallatin,  Johnson,  Franklin    and    Union;    the 
fourth    district,  of    the  counties  of    AVhite,  Edwards,  Wabash,   Lawrence,  Edgar, 
Clark  and  Crawford;   the  fifth  district  of    the  counties  of    Washington,  Clinton! 
Wayne,  Clay,  Marion.  Jefferson  and   Hamilton;    and   the  practicing   physicians 
residing  in  the  several  districts,  shall  meet  at  Carrollton,  for  the  first  district;  at 
Belleville,  for  the  second  district;  at  Golconda,  for  the  third  district;  at  Albion,  for 
the  fourth  district;    at  Mt.  Vernon,  for  the  fifth  district,  on  the  first  Monday  in 
June,  and  hold  an  elect  .on  among  themselves,  under  such  regulations  as  they,  or  a 
majority  of  them,  may  adopt,  for  one  censor  in  each  district;  and  the  five  censors, 
so  elected,  shall  meet  at  the  seat  of  government,  on  the  first  Monday  of  November 
next,  and  they,  or  a  majority     f  them,  sliall  form  a  board,  for  the  purpose  of 
examining  and  ascertaining  the  qualifications  of  those  who  wish  to  practice  physic 
in  this  State,  and  grant  a  license  to  such  as  they  may  find  projierly  qualified.     It 
shall  not,  however,  be  necessary  for  any  one  to  make  personal  application  who 
may  heretofore  have  obtained  the  diploma  of  any  respectable  medical  college,  or 
the  license  of  any  respectable  medical  society ;  and  upon  sending  such  diploma  or 
certificate  to  the  said  board  of   censors,  they  shall,  upon  being  satisfied  of   the 
authenticity  thereof,  issue  their  license  to  such  person  to  practice  iu  this  State. 

§  2.     Be  it  further  enacted,  That  after  the  meeting  of  the  board  of  censors, 
the  resident  physicians  of  each  district  having  obtained  the  certificate  of  said 


Ih^aK-aaffiWrfm.  t 


84 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


bonrd,  shall  meet  nt  i^uch  time  and  place,  within  their  roapectivo  difitriots,  an  the 
censor  thereof  may  appoint;  notice  of  which  shall  be  ^jiven  l)y  said  censors,  by 
advertising  the  same  not  less  tlian  three  times  in  some  public  newspaper  printed 
in  this  State;  at  which  meeting  they,  or  a  majority  of  them,  may  authorize  one  or 
more  of  their  body  to  examine  physicians  emigrating  to  this  State  or  those  wishing 
to  commence  the  practice  of  phynic,  and  grant  ihem  a  liceL-se.  if  they  maj  deem 
them  qnalifled. 

§  3.  Be  it  further  enacted.  That  if  any  person  should  practice  phyric  without 
obtaining  a  license  as  aforesaid,  lie  shall  be  deemed  an  illegal  practitioner,  and 
shall  be  debarred  from  recoveriig  any  debt  or  debts  which  may  accrue  from  such 
practice;  and  if  he  charges  for  such  practice,  he  shall  lorfeit  and  pay  for  every 
such  offence,  the  sum  of  twenty  dollars,  to  be  recovered  V'efore  any  justice  of  the 
peace,  in  the  county  where  such  offence  may  be  commitied,  by  any  person  who 
may  prosecute  for  the  same;  and  the  justice  before  whom  such  conviction  may  be 
had,  shall  pay  the  amount  thereof  to  the  overseers  of  the  pooi  of  said  county  for 
the  use  of  the  poor  therein;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  overst<irs  of  the  poor 
to  prosecute  for  the  same  whenever  it  shall  come  to  their  knowledge  ihat  an  illegal 
practitioner  is  practicing  and  receiving  pay  therefor;  I'vovkled,  alway.",  that 
students  j)racticing  under  the  direction  of  legal  practicing  ])hysicians,  shall  not  be 
subject  to  such  jienalty. 

§  4.  Be  it  further  enacted.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  justices  of  the 
peace,  as  well  as  of  the  circuit  court,  to  inspect  and  allow  all  physicians'  bills, 
whenever  the  same  shall  come  before  them,  when  suit  shall  be  brought  on  the 
same,  and  shall  instruct  the  jury,  both  in  relation  to  the  proof  necessary  to  estab- 
lish the  same;  and  it  shall  be  in  the  power  of  the  jury  to  reduce  the  charge  to  a 
reasonable  amount,  if  the  same  shall  be  overcharged:  Provided,  that  the  justice  of 
the  peace  shall  select  a  jury  of  not  less  than  six  householders,  ,-e8ideut8  in  the 
county,  which  judgments  shall  be  subject  to  appeals  as  in  all  other  cases. 

§  .5.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  board  of  censors  are  hereby  required  to 
lay  before  the  next  gensral  assembly,  a  plan  for  their  consideration,  by  which  a 
permanent  system  may  be  adopted  for  be  ter  regulating  the  practice  of  medicine. 

This  act  liad  even  a  shorter  life  than  its  predecessors,  for  one  of  the 
fii"st  measures  of  the  next  General  Ass  mbly  was  its  repeal,  January 
25,  1820.  A  perusal  of  the  provisions  of  these  various  efforts  readily 
indicates  the  causes  of  their  miscarriage.  The  coimtry  was  too  new; 
the  population  sparse  and  widely  scattered;  the  number  of  physicians 
few;  facilities  for  travel  and  intercoitrse  were  wanting;  mails  were 
infrequent — and,  withal,  there  were  other  questions,  doubtless  consid 
erod  of  more  vital  importance  than  the  statutory  regulation  of  the 
])ractice  of  medicine. 

At  least  five  other  unsuccessful  attempts  were  subsequently  made 
before  the  passage  of  the  acts  now  in  force.  In  1868  a  bill  for  "An 
Act  for  the  Better  Regulation  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  in 
the  State  of  Illinois,"  was  drafted  by  Drs.  David  S.  Booth  and  H.  R. 
GuTHKiE,  of  Sparta,  Randolph  county,  and  was  entrusted  to  the  Hon. 
John  M.  McCtitcheon,  member  of  the  Twenty-Sixth  General  Assembly. 
Nothing,  however,  was  done  with  this  bill  at  that  session,  and  it  was 


ILLINOIS. 


86 


striots,  an  the 
id  ceiiHorB,  by 
piiper  printed 
thorize  one  or 
those  wishing 
hey  may  deem 

phyric  without 
(ictitioner,  and 
srue  from  such 
pay  for  every 
justice  of  the 
ny  person  wlio 
viction  mivy  be 
said  county  for 
^rs  of  the  poor 
3  Ihtit  an  illegal 
a,  alwayf,  that 
ms,  shall  not  be 

justices  of  the 
hysicians'  bills, 
brought  on  the 
jessary  to  estab- 
the  charge  to  a 
at  the  justice  of 
.-esidents  in  the 
!•  caseM, 

reby  required  to 
tion,  by  which  a 
tice  of  medicine. 

for  one  of  the 
?peal,  January 

efforts  readily 
{  was  too  new; 
•  of  physicians 
vg;  mails  were 
lubtless  conaid 
yulation  of  the 

sequently  made 
1  a  bill  for  "  An 
)  and  Surgery  iu 
ooTH  and  H.  R. 
ted  to  the  Hon. 
neral  Assembly, 
sion,  and  it  was 


tiually  presented  to  the  Southern  Illinois  Medical  Association,  at  itH 
second  meeting,  in  June,  1875.  At  a  subsequent  meeting  the  associa- 
tion appointed  Dr.  Booth  and  Dr.  S.  H.  Biindy  (thdi  of  Marion, 
Williamson  county,  subsequently  of  Metropolis,  Massac  county),  a 
committee  to  urge  the  legislature  to  action  on  the  subject. 

During  the  Thirtieth  General  Assembly  Senator  Rainey,  of  St.  Clair 
county,  introduced  a  bill  which,  after  many  modifications  and  amend- 
ments in  committee,  was  passed  by  the  senate,  April  20,  1877,  by  a 
vote  of  26  to  15,  and  was  subsequently  taken  up  by  the  house  and 
passed,  May  22,  1877,  by  a  vote  of  104  to  19  -the  house,  during  the 
session,  having  disposed  of  three  other  attempts  at  legislation  on  this 
subject 

The  Medical  Practice  Act,  now  in  the  seventh  year  of  successful 
operation,  differs  materially  fi'om  any  of  the  bills  as  originally  drafted, 
and  oven  the  most  sanguine  were  more  or  less  disappointed  with  the 
form  it  finally  assumed.  Little,  if  any,  practical  improvement  in  the 
status  of  the  profession  was  at  first  anticipated  from  its  enactment, 
owing  to  the  modifications  and  amendments  above  alluded  to,  while 
many  prophesied  the  speedy  repeal  of  both  this  act  and  of  its  com- 
plement, the  State  Board  of  Health  Act. 

The  full  text  of  the  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  and 
those  sections  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  Act  which  relate  to  it,  are 
here  given: 

An  Act  to  Create  and  Establish  a  State  Board  of  Health  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 
Approved  May  26,  1877;  in  force  July  1,  187'..  [Only  those  sections  are 
here  given  which  have  a  bearing  upon  the  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of 
Medicine.] 

Appointment  of  Mi:mbebs;  tebm  of  office;  vacancies;  Section  1.  Be  it 
enacted  by  the  People  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  represented  in  the  General  Assembly, 
That  the  governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  shall  appoint  seven 
persons,  who  shall  constitute  the  Boabd  of  HeaI/TH.  The  persons  so  appointed 
shall  hold  the'r  oiBces  for  seven  yearp:  Provided,  that  the  terms  of  office  of  the 
seven  first  appointed  shall  be  so  arranged  that  the  tdm  of  one  shall  expire  on  the 
thirtieth  day  of  December  of  each  year,  and  the  vacancies  no  created,  as  well  as  all 
vacancies  occurring  otherwise,  shall  be  filled  by  the  governor,  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  senate:  And  provided,  also,  that  the  appointments  made  when  the 
senate  is  not  in  session  may  be  confirmed  at  its  next  ensuing  session. 

Meetings  op  the  Board:  §  10.  The  first  meeting  of  the  Boabd  shall  be 
within  fifteen  days  after  their  appointment,  and  the  -lafter  in  January  and  June  of 
each  year,  and  at  such  other  times  as  the  Boabd  shall  deem  expedient.  The  meet- 
ings in  January  of  each  year  shall  be  in  Springfield.  A  majority  shall  constitute 
a  qnorum.  They  shall  choose  one  of  their  number  to  be  president,  and  they  may 
adopt  rules  and  by-laws  for  their  government,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
An  Aot  t«  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Stat«  of  Illinois.  Approved 
May  29,  1877;  in  force  July  1,  1877. 

Aduibsionh  to  pbaotioe  medicine:     Section  1.     Be  it  enacted  by  the  People  of 


86 


MEDIOAIi  LAWS  AND  INHTITUTIONS. 


r- 


the  StiUu  of  IlliuoiH,  represented  in  the  Genernl  ABHenibly,  TImt  every  perHOU 
pntcticing  inedioiue,  in  iiiiy  of  its  dupartments,  shall  possess  the  quiiliiicHtioiis 
required  by  this  act.  If  a  Kradui.ce  in  medicine,  he  shall  present  his  diploma  to 
the  St ATK  Bo '.1.0  OF  Health  *  *  ♦  for  veriflcation  as  to  its  genuine- 
nesH.  If  the  diploma  is  found  ^jenuine,  and  if  tiie  person  named  therein  be  the 
person  claiminj,'  and  presenting  the  same,  the  State  Hoabd  ob'  Health  ♦  * 
shall  issue  its  certificate  to  that  effect,  signed  by  all  of  the  members  thereof,  and 
sucli  diploma  and  certificntii  shall  be  conclusive  as  to  the  right  of  the  lawful  holder 
of  the  same  to  practice  medicine  in  this  State,  If  not  a  graduate,  the  person  prac- 
ticing medicine  in  this  State  shall  present  himself  before  said  Boabd,  and  submit 
himself  to  such  examination  as  the  said  Boakd  shall  require;  and,  if  the  examina- 
tion be  satisfactory  io  the  examiners,  the  said  Boakd  shall  issue  its  certiflcate  in 
accordance  with  the  facts,  and  the  lawful  holder  of  such  certificate  shall  be  entitled 
to  all  the  rightoS  and  privileges  herein  mentioned. 

§  2.  [This  section  is  omitted  as  void,  by  reason  of  the  passage,  at  the  same 
session,  of  the  act  establisiiing  a  State  Boakd  oi!-  Health.  The  section  refers  to 
the  mode  of  jiroviding  boards  of  exp.niiners  in  the  absence  of  such  State  Boakd. 
The  omissions  indicated  by  asterisks  in  section  one,  and  in  the  remaining  sections, 
also  have  reference  to  this  provision  for  other  boards.  | 

Oboanization,  duties  and  i'oweb  or  State  Boakd;  s?  i).  The  State  Boakd  of 
Health  *  *  *  shall  organize  within  three  montlis  after  the  passage 
of  this  act;  they  shall  procure  a  seal,  and  shall  receive,  through  their  secretary, 
applications  for  certificates  and  examinations;  the  |)resident  *  *  * 
shall  have  authority  to  administer  oaths,  and  the  Boakd  to  take  testimony  in  all 
matters  relating  to  their  duties;  they  shall  issue  certificates  to  all  who  furnish  satis- 
factory proof  of  having  received  diplomas  or  licenses  from  legally  chartered  medical 
institutions  in  good  standing;  they  shall  prepare  two  forms  of  certificates,  one  for 
persons  in  possession  of  diplomas  or  licenses,  the  other  for  candidates  examined 
by  the  Board;  they  shall  furnish  to  the  county  clerks  of  the  several  counties  a  list 
of  all  persons  receiving  certificates.  In  selecting  places  to  hold  their  meetings, 
they  shall,  as  far  as  reasonable,  accommodate  applicants  residing  in  different 
sections  of  the  State,  and  due  notice  shall  be  published  of  all  their  meetings. 
Oertif.cates  h!-all  be  signed  by  all  the  members  of  the  Boakd  granting  them.  *       * 

Vebification  of  diplomas:  fee  and  penalty:  §  4.  Said  State  Boabd  of 
Health  *  *  *  shall  examine  diplomas  as  to  their  genuineness,  and  if 
the  diploma  shall  be  found  genuine  as  represented,  the  secretary  of  the  State 
Boabd  of  Health  *  *  *  shall  receive  a  fee  of  one  dollar  from  such 
graduate  or  licentiate,  and  no  other  charge  shall  be  made  to  the  applicants;  but  if 
it  be  found  to  be  fraudulent,  or  not  lawfully  owned  by  the  possessor,  the  Br>ABD 
shall  be  entitled  to  charge  and  collect  twenty  dollars  of  the  applicani  -jresenting 
such  diploma.  The  veriflcation  of  the  diploma  shall  consist  in  tbe  affidavit 
of  the  holder  and  applicant  that  he  is  the  lawful  possessor  of  the  same,  :,nd  that  he 
is  the  person  therein  named.  Such  affidavit  may  be  taken  before  any  person 
authorized  to  administer  oatha,  and  the  same  shall  be  attested  under  the  hand  and 
official  seal  of  such  officer,  if  he  have  a  seal.  Graduates  may  present  theii 
diplomas  and  affidavit  as  provided  in  this  act,  by  letter  or  by  proxy,  and  the  State 
Board  of  Health  *  *  *  shall  issue  its  certiflcate  the  same  as  though 
the  owner  of  the  diploma  was  present. 

Examination  OF  non-obaduatbs:  §  5.  All  examinations  of  persons  not  grad- 
uates or  licentiates  shall  be  made  directly  by  the  Board,  and  the  certiflcate  given 


aakii 


II,LrN<  )IS. 


87 


BVery  jiernou 
luiiliflctitions 
rt  diplouiii  to 
J  its  fjimuine- 
lierein  be  the 

TII  *  * 

;  thereof,  nud 
lawful  holder 
(  ptrson  prnc- 
3,  aud  submit 
the  exniniiiii- 
i  certificate  in 
all  be  entitled 

e,  at  the  same 
jtion  refers  to 

StATB   Bt>AKD. 

iuinK  sections, 

iTATK  BOABD  OF 

er  the  passage 
heir  secretary, 

*         *         * 

^stiinony  iu  nil 
o  furnish  satis- 
iirtered  medical 
iflcates,  one  for 
dates  examined 
,  counties  a  list 

their  meetings, 
ag  in  different 
their  meetings. 
:ng  them.  *  * 
Jtatb  Boabd  op 
luineness,  and  if 
y  of  the  State 
loUar  from  such 
iplicants;  but  if 
(saor,  the  Boabd 
icani  -jresenting 

in  tbe  affidavit 
ame,  ;.nd  that  he 
fore  any  person 
der  the  hand  and 
\y  present  theii 
ly,  and  the  8tati! 
5  same  as  though 

persons  not  grad- 
oertiflcate  given 


by  the  BoAUD  -(hall  authorize  the  possessor  t.i  praitice  nu^dicinc  uiul  surgery  in  the 
State  of  Illinois. 

Ckbthtoatks  muht  hk  iikcoudki).  s?  iI.  Kvery  person  lioldiiiK  a  (•.•rtiticate 
from  tlie  Statk  Boahd  of  Hkat.th  ♦  *  *  f,i,„ii  |„i^.„  ^  recorded  in  the 
office  of  tlie  elerk  of  the  county  in  wliioli  he  resid(>s,  and  the  record  .ihall  be 
endorsed  thereon.  Any  person  removing  to  imother  county  to  i)raetice  slinll  pro- 
cure au  endorsement  to  tliat  effect  on  the  certiticate  from  the  county  clerk,  and 
shall  record  the  certificate,  in  like  manner,  in  tlie  county  to  which  he  removes, 
and  the  holder  of  the  certificate  shall  pay  to  the  county  clerk  the  usual  fee  for 
making  the  record. 

Rkc<ibu  books  to  iik  KKi'T  uv  COUNTY  oi.KUK :  4?  7.  The  county  clerk  shall  keep, 
in  a  book  provided  for  that  purpose,  a  complete  list  of  the  certificates  recorded  l>y 
him,  with  the  date  of  the  issue.  *  *  *  jj  ji,^  certificate  be  based  on  a 
diploma  or  license,  he  simll  record  the  name  of  ti;'!  medical  institution  conferring 
it,  and  the  date  when  conferred.  Tlie  register  of  the  county  clerk  sluill  be  open  to 
public  inspection  during  business  hours. 

Fee  fob  examinino  non-obaduates :  4?  8.  Candidates  for  examiiiation  sliall 
p.iy  a  foe  of  live  dollais,  in  advance,  which  shall  be  returned  to  them  if  a 
candidate  be  refused.  The  fees  received  by  the  Boabd  shall  be  paid  into  the 
treasury.         *        *        * 

Ohauaoteb  OF  KXAMiNATtoN:  §  il.  Examinations  may  be  in  whole  or  iu  part 
in  writing,  aud  sliall  be  of  an  elementary  and  ^)ractical  oharactei'.  l)ut  sutticieiitly 
strict  to  test  the  (jualifications  of  the  candidate  as  a  practitioner. 

Cebtifioatks  may  hk  KKFUSKi)  OB  KEVoKED:  g  10.  The  State  Boabu  ok 
HBA,,rii  *  *  ^  ,jj„y  refuse  certificates  to  individuals  guilty  of  unpro- 
fessional or  dishonorable  conduct;  and  tliey  may  revoke  certificates  for  like  causes. 
In  all  cases  of  refusal  or  revooati(ni.  the  api)licant  may  appeal  to  the  body 
appointing  the  Boabd. 

Definition  OF  "PUACTrotNo  Mi'.DK'iNK":  {5  11.  Any  person  shall  be  regarded 
as  practicing  medicine  within  the  moaning  of  this  act,  who  shall  profess  publicly 
to  be  a  physician,  and  to  prescribe  for  the  sick,  or  .who  shall  append  to  his  name 
the  letters  "  M.D."  But  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  prohibit  students 
from  prescribing  under  the  supervision  of  preceptors,  or  to  prohibit  gratuitous 
services  in  cases  of  emerf^ency.  And  this  act  shall  not  apply  to  commissioned 
surgeons  in  'he  United  States  army  and  nr.vy. 

LioENSE  TO  itinebant  vendeum:  §  12.  Any  itinerant  vender  of  any  drug, 
nostrum,  ointment  or  appliance  of  any  kind,  intended  for  the  treatment  of  disease, 
or  injury,  or  who  shall,  by  writing  or  printing,  or  any  other  method,  publicly 
profess  to  cure  or  treat  disease,  injury  or  deformity  l)y  any  drug,  nostrum,  inanip 
ulation  or  other  expedient,  shall  i)My  a  license  of  one  hundred  dollers  a  month,  to 
be  collected  in  the  usual  way. 

PENAiiTiES  FOB  NoN-coMPLiANCK  WITH  THIS  ACT:  i^  lij.  .Vuy  persou  practicing 
medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State  without  complying  with  the  provisions  of  this 
act,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  lifty  dollars  nor  more  than  five 
hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  for  a  period  of  not  less 
than  thirty  days  nor  more  than  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  days,  or  by  both  such 
fine  and  imprisonment,  for  ea^  .1  aud  every  offense;  and  any  person  filing,  or 
attempting  to  file,  as  his  own.  the  diploma  or  certificate  of  another,  or  a  forged 
affidavit  of  identification,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  felony,  and.  upon  conviction,  shall  be 
subject  to  such  fine  and  imprisoninout  as  are  mtide  and  i)rovi(.led  l)y  the  statutes  of 


H8 


MEDICAL  LAWH  AND   INriTITUTIONS. 


thin  Htnte  for  thf  crime  of  forKcry,  but  the  pei^HltieH  hIiiiII  not  be  (tnforotid  till  ou 
and  lifter  the  thirty-first  dny  of  December,  eixhtreii  hundred  imd  Heventy-Heven : 
I'roridrd,  that  the  proviBioHH  of  tliin  net  shall  iiot  ajiply  to  Iho"!-  that  liuve  been 
prnoticinK  medicine  ten  yenrn  within  thin  State. 

Illinois  Statk  Board  of  Health. 

Organizod  July,  1877. — First  oxnminatioii  was  hold  Novpinbor  I. 
1877.  Examinations  arc  now  hold  in  (Chicago  or  S|)riL<;tio]d  onc»* 
annually. 

This  BoAun,  in  accordance  with  the  Medical  Practice*  .\ct  of  lllinuiH, 
grants  licenses  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  within  the  State. 

The  following  are  extracts  from  the  act  conferring  this  power — see 
fnll  text  above: 

The  State  Boakd  of  Health  *  *  *  shall  receive  through  its  secretary 
applications  for  certiflcntes  and  examinations.  *  *  *  if  not  a  graduate,  the 
person  practicin^f  medicine  in  this  State  shall  present  himself  before  said  Boabd. 
and  submit  himself  to  sucli  examination  as  the  said  Board  shall  require;  and  if 
the  examination  be  satisfactory  to  the  examiners,  the  said  Boabd  shall  issue  its 
certificate  in  accordance  witli  the  facta,  and  the  lawful  holder  of  such  certificate 
shall  be  entitled  to  all  the  rights  and  privileges  herein  mentioned. 

It  shall  prepare  two  forms  of  certificates,  one  for  persons  in  possecsion  of 
diplomas  or  licenses,  the  other  for  candidates  examined  by  the  Boabd;  and  shall 
furnifh  to  the  county  clerks  of  the  several  counties  a  list  of  all  persons  receiving 
certificates. 

Tiie  State  Boabd  of  Health  may  refuse  certiflca*  as  to  individuals  guilty  of 
unprofessional  or  dishonorable  oo'iduct,  and  may  revoke  certificates  for  like  causes. 
In  all  cases  of  refusal  or  revocation  the  a])plicant  may  appeal  to  the  body 
appointing  the  Boakd. 

1?  8.  Candidates  for  examination  shall  pay  a  fee  of  five  dollars,  in  advance, 
which  shall  be  returned  to  them  if  a  certificate  be  refused. 

2  !>.  Examinations  may  be  made  wholly  or  in  part  in  writing,  r.nd  shall  be  of 
an  elementary  and  practical  character,  but  sufficiently  strict  to  test  the  (jnalifica- 
tions  of  the  candidate  as  a  practitioner. 

All  examinations  of  persons  not  graduates  or  licentiates  shall  be  made  dire<!tly 
by  the  Boabd,  and  the  certificates  given  by  the  Boabd  shall  authorize  the  possessor 
to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

Where  the  candidates  have  any  special  views  of  theory  and  practice  of  medi- 
cine or  of  therapeutics,  respect  is  paid  to  such  views,  and  they  are  allowed,  npon 
request,  to  appear  before  individual  members  of  the  Boabd  for  special  examina- 
tion in  such  branches.  Examinations  are  conducted  in  the  English  language.  If 
made  in  another  language,  interpreters  must  be  furnished  at  the  expense  of  the 
applicant. 

All  candidates  must  pass  a  preliminary  examination,  such  as  is  indicated  in 
the  "minimum  requirements."  and  must  fill  out  the  following : 

Application  for  Examination  before  the  Illinois  State  Bo^  rd  of  Health,  under  the 
Art  to  Ref/ulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  State  of  Illinoif,. 

1.  Name  in  fnll 

2.  Nativity  and  age — (must  be  at  least  twenty-one  years  of  age) 


iiiiforoud  till  <>u 
I  Hoventy-Heveii : 
that  have  l>ef" 


I  Novombor   I. 
iriiigtif'ld  <)nct» 

,\ct  of  lUinuiH, 

ho  State. 

lis  power     nee 

.i^h  its  Beoretary 
t  II  graduatf.  tlie 
Bfore  said  Boabu. 
1  require;  and  if 
BD  shall  iKsue  its 
if  such  certificate 

in  {lOHceBfioii  of 
Boabb;  and  shall 
jierfonp  receiving 

lividnals  giiilt.v  of 
tee  for  like  canses. 
peal   to   the    body 

loUars.  in  advance. 

ng,  and  shall  be  of 
test  the  (jTialiflca- 

lU  be  made  directly 
orize  the  possessor 

1  practice  of  inedi- 
are  allowed,  npon 
)r  special  examina- 
glish  language.  If 
the  expense  of  the 

1  as  is  indicated  in 

f  Health,  under  the 
if  IlUnoif,. 


>  of  age) . 


ILLINOIH. 


8» 


3. 
4. 
S. 


8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 


Residence  and  postotBoe 

Time  spent  in  professional  studies — (must  be  at  least  three  yearB) 

Physician  or  preceptor  under  whom  the  studies  were  pursued,  with  post- 
ofHce  address  — (must  be  a  licentiate  uf  the  Boaud  or  reputable  prac- 
titioner)  

Courses  of  medical  lectures  attended ' 

Name  of  medical  school  attended — (time  spent  at  schools  not  recognized 
by  the  Boabd,  will  not  be  counted) 

Time  spent  in  hospital,  if  any 

Time  of  practice,  if  any 

School  of  practice  chosen 

References  as  to  character — (must  present  certificate  of   good  character 

from  two  licentiates  of  the  Board  or  reputable  practitioners) 

Approved 18H 


President  of  the  Boahd. 
Suhjecta  of  Examination, 

1,  imatomy;  2,  materia  medica;  8,  theory  and  practice;  4,  gynecology:  6, 
physiology;  6,  pathology;  7,  obstetrics;  8,  chemistry;  9,  surgery;  10,  hygiene;  11, 
medical  jurisprudence. 

Eighty  per  cent,  of  correct  answers  required. 

We  have  examined  this  applicant  and  find  him  to  stand  as  above. 

Signed  by  the  members  of  the  Boabd. 

Number  of  candidates  examined,  678.  Number  of  candidalea 
licensed,  210.  Average  percentage  of  licentiates  to  those  examined, 
thirty.  Number  of  licentiates  now  practicing  in  the  State,  80 — the 
discrepancy  being  accounted  for  h\  rwnovals  (.r  h\  {he  ^wh^cK^nQnt 
graduation  of  the  licentiates. 

During  the  past  year  eighteen  candidates  applied  for  examination; 
thirteen  of  these  were  examined,  but  failed  to  come  up  to  the  required 
standard.  The  remaining  five  made  no  attem])t  to  pass  on  any  of  the 
branches. 

Rush  Medical  College. 
Chicago,  111.     (Pop.  560,693,  school  census,  June,  1882.) 

Organized  in  1842.  The  first  class  graduated  in  1843.  Classes  have 
graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  fotuieen  pro- 
fessors, two  adjunct  professors,  twelve  lecturers  and  assistants  and  seven 
demonstrators. 

CouasBOP  Instbuotion;  "Instruction  is  given  in  this  institution  by  lectures, 
clinics,  practical  work  in  1  he  dissecting  room  and  laboratories,  and  by  repeated  oral 
examinations."  One  regular  course  of  twenty-one  weeks,  one  spring  or  reading 
course  of  sixteen  weeks,  and  one  practitioners'  course  of  four  weeks,  are  held 
annually.  Graded  course  of  three  years  recommended  but  not  required. — Lectures 
embrace  the  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  obsictrics  and  diseases  of  children, 
eargery,  diseases  of  the  chest,  eye  and  ear,  gynecology,  physiology,  diseases  of  the 
nervous  system,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  medical    jurisprudence,  anatomy, 


(H) 


Medio  A  L  laws  and  imstitupionh. 


ohemlrttry.  phitrniitcy,  toxicolo(?y.  dttrniatotouy.  vonerpiil  diHenrteH,  hygiene,  deiitiil 
Anr^^nry  iind  piitliolot^y,  d*<ntul  iiniitoiny  and  phyxiolDKy,  diHoiiHC-H  of  childivn,  phyH- 
ipiil  diiitfiioxiH,  inicroHRopy,  liistolo^fy,  pathology  mid  lnryiiKol()>{y. 

Kkcjuiiiemknth:  Kor  ndiniHHiuu,a  niatricnlatiuii  (txaiiiinatiou  wliicli  will  include 
the  writiuK  of  a  lirii<f  paper  on  a  subject  to  b*:!  (liven;  and  an  cxnniination  in  the 
elementary  principles  of  phyHicn  and  nintheniaticpi  an  tauj^ht  in  the  jniblic  scIiooIh 
of  the  country  will  be  rei|uired.  The  written  paper  will  be  a  MufTicient  indication 
of  the  rttndent'n  knowledge  of  ortho^fraphy,  at*  well  ar*  the  nubjcct  ^iveu.  Uraduateg 
of  a  literary  or  !<cientiflc  colle^;e,  academy  or  hij^h  nchool.  or  who  have  pn^n-d  the 
entrance  exarniii.tt.on  to  a  literary  collej^o  in  >/o()d  slaiidiiiK;  or  piTHonH  having  a 
State  or  county  teacher'H  certificate;  or  j;raduates  in  medicine;  or  previous  inatriou- 
lateH  of  thiH  collet^e;  or  students  wlio  desire  to  pursue  a  special  course  of  study — 
other  than  for  the  purpose  of  securinj^  the  UeKree— wiii  b«  exempt  from  examina- 
tion. Students  who  have  completed  a  full  course  of  study  eipiivalent  to  that 
reiiuired  for  admission  to  this  coUe^je,  may,  by  special  arran)^ement,  be  admitted 
on  the  certiflcHtes  of  their  instructors. — For  ^^raduation:  (I)  a^e, twenty-one  years; 
(2)  )^ood  moral  character;  (!t)  three  years'  study;  (41  two  full  courses  of  lectures; 
(5)  clinical  instruction  for  two  terms;  (C)  disse*  don  of  each  region  of  the  body; 
(7)  one  course  in  practical  chei..istry;  (H)  "full  and  satisfactory  written  or  oral 
examination  on  each  branch  taught  in  the  college." 

Pbks:  Matriculation,  ^fi;  lectures,  175;  demonstrator,  IS;  chemistry,  #5;  final 
examination,  $H0, 

Studrnth  :  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  (^rradnates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent. 

1877-78 

879 

128 

83.8 

1878  '» 

864 

laa 

33.fi 

1879-80 

481 

147 

30.5 

1880-81 

669 

172 

30.7 

1881-82 

688 

186 

31.7 

1882-83 

649 

188 

33.3 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
thirty-t\un. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  year,  246. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  900. 

Medical  Department  of  Illinois  College. 
Jacksonville,  111. 

Organizoil  in  1(S43. — Suspended  lectures  in  1848.  Graduates  in 
niinois,  10. 

Remarks:  The  faculty,  as  given  in  the  catalogues  and  announce- 
ments still  extant,  embraced  six  professors,  three  of  whom  resided  at 
Jacksonville,  one  at  Springfield,  one  at  Alton,  and  one  at  Geneva,  Kane 
county;  and  who  lectured  on  chemistry,  physical  etiology,  obstetrics, 
diseases  of  women  and  children,  surgical  and  pathological  anatomy, 
surgery,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  materia  medica,  therapeu- 
tics, anatomy  and  physiology.     The  course  of  lectures  was  of  sixteen 


Iiy^itini",  (l<<iit.Hl 
'  chlldwii,  phyH- 

Hich  will  inclmle 
imhmtion  in  flu- 

HI  )>ulilic  HcllOOlrt 

iciunt  imliciition 
riven.  Oriiduates 
i  liHVO  pdf  led  the 
|)orHi)iiw  ImviiiK  ii 
irovioux  nmtricn- 
ioursti  of  ntudy— 
)t  from  exninina- 
[iiivnlent  to   that 
lent,  be  admitted 
wenty-one  years; 
nrsoH  of  lectures; 
ion  of   the  body ; 
ry  written  or  oral 

lemifttry,  ffi;  final 

1  HeHBlon  reported. 

Percent. 
88.8, 
88.6 
80.S 
80.7 
81.7 
33.3 
;he  past  Bix  years, 


Graduates   iu 

i  and  announce- 
whom  resided  at 
at  Geneva,  Kane 
ology,  obstetricH, 
)logical  anatomy, 
nedica,  therapeu- 
»s  was  of  sixteen 


ILLINOIS. 


91 


weekH'  duratiuii.  The  foen  wore:  leetnroH,  !$(J0;  diHHection,  $h;  matricu- 
lation, $;J;  gra<lnati()ii,  120.  The  reciiiirementH  for  graduation  were,  (I) 
thorough  course  of  Htiuly  with  hoiik*  piiictitioner,  (thin  course,  according 
to  tlio  hint  catalogue,  nniHt  ext»>n(l  over  three  yoarw);  (2)  two  fullcournea 
of  lectures;  provided,  however,  that  several  years  of  reputable  experience 
in  the  practice  of  medicine  may  l)e  accepted  in  the  place  of  one  course 
of  lectures;  (:{)  full  and  satisfiu-tory  examination  in  all  the  branches  of 
medical  study;  (4)  thesis.  Students  applying  for  graduation  wore 
expected  to  possess  a  competetit  English  and  classical  education.  Dis- 
section was  ojjtional.  During  its  existence  ir  itruction  was  given  to 
about  seventy-five  students,  and  1  hirty-seven  wei'e  graduated. 

Medioal  Depaktment,  University  of  St.  Charles. 
St.  Charles,  111. 

Organized  in  1847.-  Annual  courses  of  lectures  were  delivered  imtil 
1848,  when  the  institution  was  transffdTod  to  Kock  Island,  and  subse- 
<piently,  in  1850,  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  when  it  became  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Iowa,  now  the  Keokuk  College  of  Physicians 
and  Siu'geons. 

Koc'K  Island  Medical  College. 
Rock  Island,  111. 

Organized  in  184U.  Lectm-es  were  delivered  during  the  years 
1840-50.     College  extinct.     Graduates  in  Illinois,  one. 

Chic!Ac.  1    Medicaj.    CohLEQE.  —{ikedical     Department 

Narthicestern  University.) 

Chicago,  111. 

Organized  in  1859  as  the  Medical  Department  of  Lind  Univejjity. 

It  continued   under   that  name  and  connection  until    1804,  when  it 

became  independent  under  the  name  of  the  Chicago  Medical  College 

and   remained   independent   of    all   connections   until    1809,  when    it 

assumed  its  present  name  and  relation. — The  faculty  embraces  eighteen 

professors,  one  lecturer  and  two  demonstrators. 

CouBHE  OF  Instbi'ction :  Graded,  coniprisiuj^  three  annual  consecutive  terms 
of  twenty-six  weeks  each.  Accredited  certificates  of  one  year's  study  entitle 
holders  to  enter  as  second-course  students  after  satisfactory  examination  in  studies 
of  first-year  course.  Certificates  of  two  years'  study  and  of  attendance  on  one 
full  course  of  lectures  entitle  to  ""try  as  third-course  students  after  examination 
in  studies  of  first  and  second  y-  ;i.  Studies:  First-year  course — Descriptive 
anatomy,  physiology,  histology,  ical  microscopy,  general  chemistry.     Second- 

year  course— Surgical  anatomy,    ^jerations  in  surgery,  general  pathology,  patho- 
logical anatomy,  general  therapeutics,  state  medicine,  public  hygiene,  nervous  and 


92 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


mental  diseasen,  medionl  chemistry,  medical  jurisprudence,  dermatology,  honpitnl 
and  dispensary  clinics.  Third-year  course — Theory  and  practice  of  medicine, 
clinical  medicine,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  gynecology, 
obstetrics,  diseases  of  children,  ophthalmology,  otology,  hospital  and  dispensary 
clinics.     Daily  examinations  or  quizzes,  by  each  professor, 

Requibeuents:  For  admission,  a  certificate  of  graduation  from  a  literary 
college,  academy  or  scientific  school;  or  satisfactory  evidence,  through  matricula- 
tion examination,  of  a  good  English  education. — For  graduation:  Evidence  of  (1) 
good  moral  character;  (2)  three  years'  study;  (3)  required  age,  twenty -one  years: 
(4)  attendance  upon  three  courses,  or  two  courses  of  lectures  and  sustaining 
satisfactory  examination  in  studies  embraced  in  first-year  course  of  lectures;  (fi) 
dissection  of  three  parts  of  the  human  body;  (6)  one  year  of  hospital  attendance; 
(7)  passing  all  examinations;  (8)  satisfactory  thesis. 

Fees:  For  the  college  year,  $75;  final  examination,  $80;  matriculation,  $5; 
demonstrator,  $5;  laboratory,  $5;  hospital,  $6;  or  for  first-year  course.  $90; 
second-year  course,  $91;  graduation  course,  $111. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates 

Graduates. 

Percent 

1877-78 

163 

50 

82.6 

1878-79 

lfi2 

87 

24.4 

1879-80 

148 

88 

25.6 

1880-81 

152 

46 

29.6 

1881  82 

155 

89 

26+ 

1882-83 

137 

42 

30.6 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  t<i  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years. 
twenty-seven. 

The  total  number  of  matriculates  in  the  twenty-four  years  of  the  existence  of 
this  college  has  been  2,654,  and  the  total  number  of  graduates  832.  Average  per 
cent,  of  matriculates  to  graduates  (24  years)  31. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  year,  79, 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  .S56. 

Remarks:  The  establiBhment  of  this  school  was  the  first  attempt 
in  this  country  to  place  medical  college  education  upoi  a  full  graded 
and  systematic  plan,  in  accordance  with  the  same  principles  that  govern 
in  all  other  branches  of  education.  Tt  also  n;ade  actual  attendance 
upon  hospital  clinical  instruction  during  at  least  one  college  term,  one 
of  the  regular  requirements  for  graduation.  The  plan  thus  adopted 
in  the  beginning  has  been  continued  to  the  present  time,  making 
such  changes  only  es  would  render  the  system  more  complete  in  its 
practical  working. — [^Uontributions  to  the  History  of  Medical  Educa- 
tion and  Medical  Instruction  in  the  United  States,  1776-1876.  By 
N.  S.  Davis,  A.M.,  M.D.,  p.  40.] 

During  the  last  thirteen  years  between  eighty  and  ninety  per  cent, 
of  the  graduates  of  this  college  have  passed  through  the  regular  three 
courses  of  instruction. 


^^ 


ILLINOIS. 


98 


(ilology,  hospital 

,ce  of   medioino, 

ery,  gynecology. 

and  diHpenaary 

from  a  literary 
rough  uiatricula- 
;  Evidence  of  (1) 
weaty-one  years: 
1  and  sustaining 
e  of  lectures;  (fi) 
jpital  attendance; 

natriculatiou,  $5;  . 
^ear   course.  $90; 

1  session  reporteid. 

Percent, 
32.6 

a«.4 
as.6 

29.6 

26+ 
30.6 
the  past  six  years. 

of  the  existence  of 
832.     Average  per 


the  first  attempt 
>i  a  full  graded 
>.ipleB  that  govern 
ictual  attendance 
college  term,  one 
Ian  thus  adopted 
nt  time,  making 
5  complete  in  its 
Medical  Educa- 
1776-1876.     By 

d  ninety  per  cent, 
the  regular  three 


Hahnemann   Medical  Colleok  and  Hohpitai,. 
Chicago,  III. 
Orgauizini  in  1S5U.     The  first  class  graduated  in   1860.     Classes 
have  graduated  each  subsequent  year.— ^The  faculty  embraces  twelve 
professors,  one  assistant  and  one  demonstrator. 

CounsK  OF  Instbuction:  Oue  regular  course  of  twenty  weeks,  and  one  practi- 
tioners' course  of  six  weeks'  duration  annually.  The  instruction  given  is  largely 
clinical  and  practical.  —  Lectures  embrace  principles  and  practice  of  medicine, 
obstetrics,  medical  and  surgical  diseases  of  women,  principles  and  practice  of 
surgery,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  ophthalmology,  otology,  clieinistry,  toxi- 
cology, descriptive  and  practical  anatomy,  physiology,  histology,  minor  surgery, 
medical  jurisprudence  and  hygiene. 

Requibements:  For  admis'sion  — "  (J])on  application  for  admission,  each 
student  must  possess  a  good  moral  character,  and  must  i)resent  to  the  registrar 
satisfactory  evidence  of  a  good  English  education.  Sucli  as  are  graduates  of  a 
literary  or  scientific  college,  academy  or  high  scliool,  or  who  have  passed  the 
entrance  examination  to  a  literary  college  in  good  standing;  who  have  a  county  or 
state  teacher's  certificate;  graduates  in  medicine;  previous  matriculates  of  this 
college;  and  students  who  desire  to  pursue  a  special  course  of  study — other  than 
for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  degree — will  be  exempt  from  this  requirement, 
providing  they  furnish  this  documentary  evidence  to  the  registrar.  Students  who 
have  completed  a  full  course  of  study  equivalent  to  that  required  for  admission  to 
this  college,  may,  by  special  arrangement,  be  admitted  on  the  certificates  of  their 
instructors.  It  is  not  intended  to  make  this  a  critical  examination;  but  what  is 
required  and  insisted  upon  is,  that  every  student  shall  possess  a  fair  English  educa- 
tion."— For  graduation:  (1)  good  moral  character;  (2)  twenty-one  years  of  age; 
(3)  two  full  courses  of  lecturer;  (4)  satisfactory  examination  in  (o)  obstetrics  and 
diseases  of  women,  (6)  surgery,  (c)  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  (d) 
materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  (e)  physiology,  (/)  chemistry,  (g)  anatomy,  (h) 
diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  |5;  lectures,  $50;  grauuation,  $25;  hospital  free  to 
matriculates;  demonstrator,  $6. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent. 

1877-78 

165 

94 

50.7 

1878-79 

197 

67 

34+ 

1879-80 

205 

87 

42.4 

1880  81 

195 

100 

51+ 

1881-82 

264 

108 

40.9 

1882-83 

297 

134 

45+ 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
forty-four. 

The  total  number  of  matriculates  in  twenty-three  years  (spring-course  students 
counted  for  seven  years),  2,894;  graduates,  1,014.  Average  percent,  of  graduates 
to  matriculates,  35. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  yefir,  86. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  302. 


-->? 


»4 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  1N8TITUTION8. 


Bennett  College  of  Eclectic  Medicine  and  SintoEhV. 
Chioago,  111. 

OrgfiniztHl  iu  KSO!S.  The  lirHt  dads  graduated  in  1869.  Classes 
havo  graduiitod  each  aiibseqneut  year.  —  Faculty  embraceB  fourteen 
professors  and  two  demonstrators. 

CooBHE  oi  iNSTBnoTioN:  One  course  of  lectures  of  six  months'  duration, 
itnnually,  and  a  spring  (reading)  course  of  eight  weeks'  duration.  "Tuition  at  this 
collage  la  by  didactic  lectures,  with  demonstrations,  clinical  teaching,  Inboratory 
iiist  ructions  with  experiments,  recitations  and  personal  teaching  in  cases  demand- 
ing physical  manipulation." — Lectures  embrace  principles  and  j)ractico  of  surgery, 
clinical   surgery,    obstetrics,    gynecology,  materia    medica,   therapeutics,    clinical 

licine,  surgical  anatomy,  orthopedy,  chemistry,  pharmacy,  toxicology,  princi- 
ples and  practice  of  medicine,  physiology,  diseases  of  children,  general  and 
descriptive  anatomy,  ophthalmology,  otology,  diseases  of  the  respiratory  and 
ciiciilatory  organs  and  of  the  nervous  system.,  electro-therapeutics,  dermatology, 
venereal  diseases,  medical  jurisprudence,  hygiene,  and  dental  pathology. 

IIkquibkmenth:  For  admission,  i  good  elementary  English  education,  including 
niiithematics,  English  composition  and  elementary  physics,  as  attested  by  the 
presentation  of  a  diploma  of  graduation  from  some  literary  and  scientific  college 
or  high  school,  or  by  a  creditable  examination  upon  those  branches  by  a  committee 
appointed  for  that  purpose — For  graduation:  (1)  the  candidate  must  possess  satis- 
factory references  as  to  good  moral  character  and  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years;  (2)  three  years'  study;  (3)  must  have  attended  two  courses  of  lectures, 
with  dissections,  the  last  of  wliich  must  be  in  this  college— documtntary  evidence 
of  these  facts  must  be  presented  to  the  dean  with  the  application;  (4)  must  have 
com[)leted  the  prescribed  course  of  analytical  chemistry;  (6)  sustain  a  satisfactory 
and  honorable  examination  iu  every  department. 

Fkeh:  Matriculation,  $6;  lectures,  $50; demonstrator  (including  material),  $10; 
analytical  chemistry  (including  material),  $10;  examination,  $25;  perpetual  scholar- 
ship, $100.    Lectures  are  free  to  graduates  of  this  or  other  colleges  in  good  standing 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates— 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent 

1877-78 

139 

65 

46 

1878-79 

106 

29 

87 

1879-80 

123 

87 

80 

1880-81 

127 

» 

40 

1881  82 

113 

88 

» 

1882-83 

147 

52 

85 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates,  during  the  past  six  years. 
thirty-six. 

Number  nf  IlLnois  students  during  the  last  session,  49. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois.  205. 

Edinburgh  University  of  Chicago. 
Chicago,  111. 
Incorporated  under  the  general  incorporation  act,  September  23, 
1870.     A  fraudulent  institution,  exposed  by  the  Illinois  State  Board 
or  Health,  and  since  defunct. 


'l>\_l^»^f!,l^V>' 


';,-;','■•'  '••i^./'-'W;,'V*  .'"  ..'J!"'r*»!'»'l(r" 


ILLIN(  >I8. 


95 


llOEKY. 

869.     Classes 
■act.H   fourteen 

onthp'  duration, 
"  Tuition  at  thift 
;hing,  laboratory 
in  cnBes  demand- 
iictice  of  purgery, 
ipeutics,  clinical 
ixicology,  priuci- 
reu.  general   and 

respiratory    and 
ics,  dermatology, 
hology. 
ication,  including 

attepted  by  the 
1  scientific  college 
SB  by  a  C'-mmittee 
aust  possess  satis- 
the  age  of  twenty - 
Durses  of  lectures, 
imtntary  evidence 
an;  (4)  must  have 
tain  a  Batisfactory 

ing  material),  |10; 
perpetual  scholar- 
B  in  good  standing 
h  session  reported, 

Percent. 
46 
9t 
8^ 
10 
88 
86 
the  past  six  years. 


Woman's  Medical  Colleoe  of    Chicago. 
Chicago,  111. 

Organized  in  1870.  The  first  class  graduated  in  1871.  No  class 
graduated  in  1872.  Classes  have  gi-aduated  each  subsequent  year.— 
The  faculty  embraces  foiu-teen  professors  and  one  associate  professor, 
two  lecturers,  four  assistants,  and  two  demonstrators. 

CouBBE  OF  Inbtbuction:  One  annual  graduating  course  of  thirty -one  weeks' 
duration.  Instruction  is  given  by  didactic  lectures  and  recitations,  clinical  lectures 
and  practical  work,  and  attendance  on  hospitals.  Graded  course  of  three  years 
recommended  but  not  requi 

Lectures  embrace  gynecology,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  diseases  of 
children,  pathology,  rennl  diseases,  surgery,  medical  jurisprudence,  diseases  of  the 
nervous  system,  obstetrics,  anatomy,  chemistry,  toxicology,  dermatology,  ophthal- 
mology, otology,  diseases  of  chest  and  throat,  physiology,  materia  medica, 
therapeutics,  hygiene,  histology. 

Requiiuimenth:  For  admission,  («)  certificate  of  graduation  from  high  school, 
or  like  institution,  or  teacher's  certiflcnte  from  county  superintendent  of  schools, 
or  matriculation  examination  sufficient  to  prove  a  good  English  education  ; 
(b)  good  moral  character.  For  graduation :  (1)  three  full  years'  study:  {2)  two  full 
courses  of  lecturas;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  dissection;  (4)  one  course  in  practical 
chemistry;  (5)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (6)  satisfactory  oral  and  written  examina- 
tion; (7)  one  course  in  hospital  instruction. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  |5;  lectures,  $50;  laboratory,  $6;  demonstrator,  |6; 
graduation,  $.10. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 
1877-78 
1878-79 
1879-80 
1880-81 
1881-82 
1882-83 


Matriculates. 
82 


Graduates. 
7 
£ 
10 
17 


Percent. 
22— 
18- 

13+ 
22 
87 
22 


i,  September  23. 
soie  State  Boabp 


76 
77 
88  28 

79  18 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
twenty. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  year,  31. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  44. 

Remarks:  The  spring  term  has  been  abandoned,  and  the  college 
year  lengthened  to  seven,  instead  of  five  months. 

Chicago  Hom(i;opathic  Medical  College. 
Chicago,  111. 
Organized   in   1876.     The  first  class  graduated  in  1877.     Classes 
have  been  graduated   each   subsequent   year. — The  faculty  embraces 
fifteen  professors,  two  lecturers  and  three  demonstrators. 

OouBRB  or  Inbtbuction:     A  regular  session  of  twenty-three  weeks'  duration. 


96 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INHTITUTiONS. 


fc,:. 


and  K  .pring  .e.«iou  of  .ix  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Three  years'  graded  course 
^ecoZended  hut  not  required.  A  junior  and  a  senior  course  (two  separate  and 
dXcTcourscs)  are  delivered  during  each  college  term.  Clnucs,  hospital  and 
S  spen  a  y-L-tures  embrace:  Junior  year,  anatomy,  physiolog;-,  histology, 
m  croscopy,  materi.  medica,  chemistry,  toxicology,  pharmacology,  minor  surgery 
TdZZy  sanitarj  .cienc  and  clinics.  Senior  year,  institutes  and  practice  of 
Id  dne  and  surg  ly,  gynecology,  pedology,  materia  medica,  obstetrics,  ophthaL 
ToJlgy-f  otology!  mental  and   nervous   diseases,  medical   jurisprudence  and 

"""tE.o.BKMKNTs:  For  admission:  •' Thi«  college  requires  that  all  applicants 
for  admiJon  must  possess  good  moral  character,  and  present  to  the  secretary 
satisfactory  e^  Idence  of  a  good  English  education,  such  as  is  required  of  all  matric- 
nttes  by  L  Sa.rK  Bo.hd  «k  Hk^.th  or  Ix.i.xnois.  It  is  not  intended  to  make 
threxam  nation  technical  or  rigid,  but  every  student  must  possess  a  .ur 
EtgliTeducation.  Previous  medical  matriculates,  graduates  of  colleges  and  high 
schools  will  be  exempt  from  this  examination."  ,„n  .„„ 

For  graduation:  (1)  twenty  one  years  of  age;  (2)  three  years' study ,  (3)  two 
full  courses,  U)  practical  anatomy  to  the  extent  of  having  dissected  every  region 
of  the  bodv;(  5)  pass  all  the  regular  examinations.  .,.*„„«     , 

;..s  '  MaUculation.  |5-,  full  lecture  course,  *50;  perpetual  ticket,  |90,  flna 
examination     $25.     To   students  who  have    attended   two   full   courses   in   other 
crgrTcluS  matriculation,  the  full  lecture  course  is  $30;  to  graduates  of 
olr  mescal  coJeges,  $25.     For  partial  course,  each  chair  *10-,  county  hospital, 

,   . i„  i,„ar,ital  and  demonstrator's  ticket,  $5  each. 

'     sLkZ     Cu  '  er  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
)f  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Matriculates.  Graduates. 

107  25 

%110  81 

86  SO 

87  M 
128  88 
126  40 

Average  percentage  of    graduates  to  matriculates   during  the  past  six  years. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  year,  64. 

Number  of  graduatt,.^  in  Illinois,  81. 

Remarks-  The  course  has  been  lengthened  one  week  since  the  last 
announcement.  Female  students  are  no  longer  admitted.  They  are 
excluded,  not  from  any  hostility,  but  because  of  the  peculiar  conditions 
by  which  they  are  sun-ounded.  .        • 

_^ College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Chicago. 

Chicago,  111. 
Organized  in     1882.      First  class   graduated  in    1883.-Faculty 
embraces    twenty-one   professors,    seven    lecturers,    and  two   demon- 

'^'^^oL.  o.  INBTB.0X10N:     One  r  .ular  course  of  twenty-four  weeks'  duration, 


and  percentage 
Session. 
1877-78 
1878-79 
1879-80 
1880-81 
1881-82 
1882-83 


Percent. 
23.3 
28+ 
23.2 
28.7 
29.6 
82 


graded  course 
o  separHte  and 
I,  hospital  and 
jg;-,  histology, 
minor  surgery, 
jnd  practice  of 
etrics,  ophthal- 
isprudence  and 

!  all  applicantH 
o  the  secretary 
>d  of  all  matric- 
tended  to  make 
possess  a  fair 
lUeges  and  high 

^'  study;  (3)  two 
«d  every  region 

ticket,  |90;  final 

ourses   in   other 

to  graduates  of 

county  hospital, 

session  reported, 

rcent. 
23.3 
28+ 
23.2 
28.7 
2!».6 
32 
he  past  six  years. 


ik  since  the  last 
ted.  They  are 
uliar  conditions 


[OAGO. 

1883.— Faculty 
id  two   demon- 

ir  weeks'  duration, 


ILLlNi  )I8. 


H7 


B  spring  or  reading  course,  and  a  practi  ioners'  course  of  four  weeks'  duration 
Graded  course  of  three  years  recommendej,  but  not  re<iuired.  "  Ipstruction  will 
be  given  by  didactic  and  clinical  lectures,  practical  work  in  the  dissecting  room, 
clinical  and  physiological  laboratories  and  by  oral  and  written  examinations."-  - 
Lectures  embrace  descriptive  and  practical  anatomy.  i)hysiology,  chemistry, 
materia  raodica,  therapeutics,  laryngology,  state  medicine,  j-ublic  hygiene,  medical 
jurisprudence,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery,  operative  surgery, 
surgical  pathology,  surgical  anatomy,  obstetrics,  ophthalmology,  demonstrations 
of  surgery,  otology,  diseases  of  children,  gynecology,  dermatology  orthopedic 
surgery,  medica'  chemistry,  diseases  of  the  genito-urinary  organs,  dental  surgery, 
mental  and  nervous  diseases. 

Re<^uibements:  For  admission:— "No  previous  reading  or  study  of  medicine 
is  re(,uired  before  entering  college  "  (a)  eighteen  years  of  age;  (b)  good  moral 
character;  (e)  if  not  a  graduate  of  a  good  literary  and  scientific  college  or  high 
school,  "  he  must  undergo  a  satisfactory  examination  in  the  branches  of  a  good 
English  education,  before  a  committee  of  the  faculty."- -For  graduation:  (1) 
twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  three  full  years'  study;  (3)  attendance  on  two  courses 
of  lectures;  (4)  a  complete  dissection;  (6)  attendance  during  two  courses  in 
hospital;  (6)  satisfactory  examination  in  all  branches  taught  in  the  college. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  s|!5;  lectures,  |50;  demonstrator,  $10;  examination.  $;((); 
hospital,  $5, 

Students:  Session  of  1882-88 -matriculates,  152;  graduates,  62.  Percentage 
of  graduates  to  matriculates,  thirty-four. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  year,  65. 
Number  of  gradaates  in  Illinois,  9. 

QuiNCY  CoLLKGE   OF  Medioine.— (il/edtca/  Department 

Chaddock  College.) 

Quincy,  111.     (Pop.  28,208.) 

Organized  in  1882.— The  faculty  emV)races  eleven  profe-ssors  and 
one  demoujjtrator. 

CouBSE  OF  Instbuotion:  One  regular  course  beginning  on  the  second  Monday 
in  October  and  coutiuuiug  until  the  last  Wedi-esday  in  the  following  March,  with 
a  holiday  vacation  of  ten  days.  Three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not 
required.  Lectures  embrace  the  principles  and  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery, 
obstetrics,  diseases  of  women,  clinical  surgery,  chemistry,  toxicology,  anatomy^ 
ophthalmology,  otology,  physiology,  hygiene,  clinical  medicine,  diseases  of  the' 
mind  and  ne-vous  system,  and  pharmacy.  (The  chair  of  materia  medicn  and 
therapeutics  was  not  filled  at  the  time  the  announcement  was  issued.)  Examina- 
tions, quizzes  and  reviews  are  given  frequently. 

Requibements:  For  admission— "All  applicants  who  can  present  evidence  of 
a  good  FT-;;aah  education  sufficient  to  enable  them  to  understand  medical  literature 
and  to  readily  and  thoroughly  comprehend  the  necessary  technicalities  of  our 
profession,  are  eligible  to  our  class.  This  may  be  made  apparent  by  diplomas, 
evidence  or  certificates  from  proper  authorities,  or.  in  their  absence,  by  oral  or 
written  examinations."— For  graduntion-(l)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good 
moral  character;  (3)  two  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  two  courses  of  instruction  in 
anatomy,  including  dissections  and  demonstrations;  (5)  three  years'  study;  (6) 
"  pass  a  creditable  examination  in  all  the  branches  taught  in  the  institution  " 
7 


■a 


'.IS 


MEDICAL  1AW8  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Fkkh:     Mutricutntioii,  $5;  IccturuH,  ;(|40;  deiiiuiiHtriitor,  ^10;  ttxainiuiitioii,  |I26. 
STtn)BNTfl:     Sensioii   of  1882-8,S — inatriouIiiteH,  (i;   j^rndimteA,  0.     Numlier  of 
Illiiioii^  Mtadentiii  durinf^  the  past  year,  2. 

Chii;ag()  School  of  Midwifeky  and  Lvino-In  Hospital. 
Chicago,  111. 

Organizod  in  1880.  The  first  conrHH  was  givon  in  1880-81.— The 
faculty  etubrac'os  throe  profesHc.r-s. 

CouKHE  OK  Inbtbiicti')n:  One  course  of  lectures,  of  twerty-eight  weeks'  uurn- 
tioii,  in  given  nuuuiilly.  Lectures  are  delivered  in  English,  Gerninn  and  Scandina- 
vian. "  Instruction  at  this  institution  is  liy  didactic  lectures,  demonstrated  by  the 
bony  pelvis,  foetal  skull,  manikin,  specimens,  cimtts,  and  attendance  upon  cases  of 
labor,  either  in  the  hospital  or  among  outside  patients.  Every  student  must  attend 
at  least  two  obstetrical  cases,  under  the  supervision  of  the  instructor,  before  grad- 
uating," 

Rbquibemgnts:  For  admission — Students  must  pass  a  |)re!imiuary  examination 
and  furnish  references  as  to  moral  character.  For  graduation-  The  candidate  iiiust 
be  twonty-one  years  of  age,  and  must  have  regularly  attended  one  whole  term.  She 
must  pass  a  rigid  written  examination,  and  have  the  required  practical  iustruotion. 
Eighty  per  cent,  of  the  prescribed  questions  must  be  correctly  answered. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  $6;  lectures,  $50;  graduation,  $5. 

Students:  Twelve  candidates  graduated  at  the  close  of  the  session  of  1880-81, 
and  eighteen  at  the  close  of  the  session  of  1881  82. 

Remarkh  :  Graduates  of  this  school  ai'e  rocjnired  to  pass  examina- 
tions, conducted  by  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Health,  before  certifi- 
cates entitling  them  to  practice  midwifery  in  Illinois  are  granted  them. 


INDIANA. 

Population,  1,978,301,  Number  of  physicians,  4,i>08.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  896. 

There  is  no  law  regulating  the  practice  of  medicine  in  this  State, 
By  section  4995  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  "  every  physician  in  each  town, 
city  and  county  shall  be  recjuired  to  report  to  the  secretary  of  the  board 
of  health  of  such  town,  city  or  county  such  facts  and  .statistics  as  may 
be  required  of  him,  under  the  direction  of  the  county  board,  or  of  the 
State  l)oard  of  health,  through  such  county  board.'' 

Section  4995  provides  that:  "It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  physicians 
and  accoucheurs  in  this  State  to  register  their  names  and  postoffice 
address  with  the  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  of  the  county  in  which  they 
reside;  and  all  such  physicians  and  accoucheurs  shall  report  to  the 
secretary  of  the  board  of  health  of  the  town,  city  or  county  in  which 
they  occur,  and  within  fifteen  day;-,  thereafter,  all  births  and  deaths 
which  may  occur  under  their  sitpervision,  with  a  certificate  of  the  cause 
of  death,  and  such  co-relative  facts  as  may  be  required  in  the  blank 


INDIANA. 


90 


iniuntiou,  f  86. 
).     Number  of 


VtkU. 

i80-Hl.-The 

ht  weeks'  uurn- 
i  aud  Scaudinii- 
)nhtrated  by  the 
je  upon  caseB  of 
leut  must  attend 
;or,  before  grad- 

ary  examination 
B  candidate  must 
whole  term.  Bhe 
tical  instruction. 
Bwered. 

ission  of  1880-81, 

pass  exainina- 
[,  before  certifi- 
.  granted  them. 


;l     Number  of 

iu  this  State. 
,n  in  each  town, 
u-y  of  the  board 
tatisticH  as  may 
joard,  or  of  the 

f  all  physicians 
3  and  postoffice 
y  in  which  they 
1  report  to  the 
oanty  in  which 
iths  and  deaths 
ciite  of  the  cause 
ed  in  the  blank 


forms  funiirthed,  as  provided  in  this  act.  Any  physician,  accoucheur  or 
householder  willfully  or  purposely  (after  notice  by  the  secretary  of  the 
local  l)oard  under  whose  jurisdiction  such  householder  may  live)  failing 
or  refusing  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  section,  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  tind,  upon  conviction  thereof,  shall  be 
fined  in  any  sum  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  ten  dollars." 

Section  4iK(0  requires  the  clerk  of  the  circuit  cour*  of  each  county 
to  keep  a  boo!  especially  prepai'ed  and  set  apart  for  the  registration  of 
namen  iiul  postoffice  addresses  of  |)liysicians  aud  accoucheurs  of  such 
county.  ''  *  *  "  Provided,  that  the  clerk  shall  be  entitled  to  charge 
each  physician  and  accoucheur  so  registered  a  fee  of  ten  cents,  and  no 
more." 

Section  11)21  provides  that,  *'  Whoever,  in  a  state  of  intoxication, 
prescribes  or  administers  any  poison,  (bnig  or  medicine  to  another,  which 
endangers  the  life  of  such  other  person,  shall  l)e  lined  not  more  than  one 
hundred  dollars  nor  less  than  ten  dollars,  and  imprisoned  in  the  county 
jail  not  more  than  three  months  nor  less  than  ten  days."  By  section 
1H22  a  similar  penalty  is  ordained  for  any  person  who  prescribes  any 
secret  medicine. 

University  of  Indiana. 
New  Albany,  Ind. 

Organized  in  1833.  The  following  interesting  history  of  this,  the 
tirst  fraudulent  medical  school  in  the  West,  is  taken  from  the  minutes  of 
the  New  York  County  Medical  Society  of  the  date  December  16,  1833. 

It  aonears  that  John  Cook  Bennett,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  chancellor,  secre- 
tary, etc.,  of  this  institution,  journeyed  to  New  York  City  iu  the  summer 
of  1833,  and.  having  appointed  two  members  of  the  county  medical 
society  as  assistants,  proceeded  "  to  examine  candidates  and  dispense 
diplomas,"  the  persons  usually  paying  therefor  the  sum  of  twenty-five 
doUai-s.  This  proceeding  becoming  known  to  the  society,  a  committee 
was  appointed  "  to  investigate  and  report  on  the  subject  of  diplomas 
pui-porting  to  be  issued  by  the  University  of  Indiana."  The  committee 
reported — 

(1.^  That  such  an  institution  was  in  existence,  having  been  incor- 
porated by  an  act  entitled  "An  Act  to  incorporate  the  Christian  College, 
in  New  Albany,  in  Floyd  county,  Indiana." 

(2.)  That  said  college  was  organized  by  a  meeting  of  eight  per- 
sons, at  the  house  of  Bennett,  in  New  Albany. 

(3).  That  the  said  college,  under  its  charter,  claims,  and  probably 
exercises  the  right,  to  confer  eight  different  kinds  of  degi'ees  on  males, 
and  seven  on  females. 


MM 


1(K) 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS 


^ 


(4.)  That  this  iinivorHity  ombracos  seven  dopartmontfl,  including  a 
department  of  medicine. 

(5.)  That  John  Cook  Bennett  was  bishop  and  Hecretary  of  the  gen- 
«rflJ  nniversity,  and  president,  chancellor,  and  professor  of  midwifery 
in  the  medical  depiu<,iiK'r?h 

(6.)  By  a  by-law,  the  bishop  was  luithony  id  to  send  ont  commis- 
sioners to  confer  degrees,  etc. 

(7.)  That  at  the  time  of  issuing  the  diplomas,  this  nniversity  did 
not  possess  buildings,  apparatus  or  facilities  of  :my  kind  to  teach  physic 
and  surgery;  had  not  given  any  full  course  of  instruction,  nor  had  any 
lectures  on  medical  science  been  delivered. 

And,  finally,  that  the  charges  against  the  members  of  the  society 
were  true;  wheretipon  the  society  publicly  reprimanded  the  offenders. 

Indiana  Medical  College. 
La  Porte,  Ind. 
Organized  in  1844.  —Lectures  were  contiuued  at  this  college  until 
1848,  when  the  institution  was  removed  to  St.  Charles,  111.,  from  thence 
to  Rock  Island,  111.,  1849,  and  finally  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  where  it  remains 
as  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Keokuk. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  0. 

Medical    College  of  Evansville. 
Evansville,  Ind.     (Pop.  29,280.) 

Organized  in  1849.— Classes  were  graduated  during  the  years  '50, 
'51,  '52,  '53  and  '54,  numbering  44  alumni.  Lectures  were  suspended 
from  '54  to  '71;  reorganized  1871.  Classes  have  been  graduated  since 
1873. — Faculty  embraces  ten  professors,  one  lecturer,  two  assistants, 
and  one  demonstrator. 

OouBHE  OP  Instbuotion:  Oue  twenty-one  weeks'  course  annually.  "Examin- 
atioHB  will  be  held  at  each  lecture  oh  the  instructions  of  the  previous  day,  and  the 
standing  and  improvement  of  each  student  carefully  noted."  Dispensary  and 
hospital  clinics  are  afforded  — Lectures  on  principles  and  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery,  obstetrics,  chemistry,  toxicology,  anatomy,  diseases  of  nervous  system, 
gynecology,  ophthalmology,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  venereal  diseases,  clin- 
ical surgery,  physiology,  diseases  of  children,  minor  surgery,  practical  anatomy, 
practical  chemistry,  histology,  pathology,  and  dermatology. 

Requibements :  For  admission: — "Each  student  shall  furnish  evidence  that 
he  possesses  a  good  moral  character,  a  good  English  education,  or  pass  an 
examination  on  mathematics,  English  grammar  ;.nd  composition  and  natural 
philosophy." — For  graduation-  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  unexceptionable 
moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  prac- 
tical anatomy  during  two  courses;  (6)  practical  chemistry  during  one  course  of 
lectures;  (7)  satisfactory  err.ininixtion  on  tlu  various  branches  taught;  (8)  thesis. 

Fees:    Matr.  julates.  $5;  lectures,  $40;  demonstrator,  $5;  graduation,  ^26. 


including  a 

■y  of  the  t;pn- 
of  midwifpry 

out  coiorais- 

iniverHity  did 
)  teach  physic 
.  nor  had  any 

)f  the  society 
the  offenders. 


college  until 
I.,  from  thence 
ere  it  remains 


the  years  '50, 
rere  suspended 
raduated  since 
two  assistants, 

ually.  "Examiu- 
ious  day,  and  the 

Dispensary  and 
3  of  medicine  and 

nervous  system, 
eal  diseases,  clin- 
ractical  anatomy, 

ish  evidence  that 
ition,  or  pass  an 
ition  and  natural 
)  unexceptionable 
ectures;  (6)  prac- 
,ng  one  course  of 
aght;  (8)  thesis, 
aduation.  ^25. 


IND1.\N.\. 


101 


HrtiOKNi'M.     Number  of  inatriculateH  and  of  ((ruduaten  at  each  neoHion  re;)ort«d, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  lo  matriculates — 

Session.                      Matriouhites.                 (Jratluates.  Pcrivut. 

1877  78                             37                                   ai  ftC-J- 

1878  7!)                             :U!                                   U  88-(- 
187!)  m                             '.T.                                     S  90 

1880  HI                                H                                       6  35 

1881  8-2                               17                                     11  9i+ 
1882-83                             1(5                                     7  48+ 

Xv«rage  percentage  of   graduate*  t<i    iniitriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
foiii/'iiue. 

Number  of  Illinois  ritudenln  J.'jriii^  the  past  year,  3. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  2H. 

PHYStoMEmCAL    COLLEUE     OF     InMANA. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.     (Poo.   7''),04(5. ) 
Ori^fanized  in  ISTH.     The  first  class  was  {i;raduatod  in  1874.    Classes 
have  been  graduated  each  snbswpiont  year.     The  faculty  omhraces  nine 
professors  and  three  lecturers. 

CouBHK  OK  Instui'otion:  One  course  of  twenty-four  weeks  annually. --Ijj»cture« 
embrace  princi))Ies  and  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  i)rincipios  and 
practice  of  surgery,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and  cliildren,  botany,  m".teria 
medica,  thern]>eutics,  histology,  general,  descri|)tivo  and  surgical  anatomy,  micro- 
scopy, pathological  histology,  chemistry,  toxicology,  medical  jurisprudence,  sani- 
tary science  and  diseases  of  the  rectum.  Clinics  at  the  city  hospital  twice  a  week. 
REQtiiBR.MKNTs;  For  admission  under  the  liead  of  reiiuiremeiits  for  graduation 
the  following  statement  is  found:  " applicants /o;'  (jraiUiation  must  give  satisfac- 
tory evidence  of  having  a  good  English  education,  the  fact  to  be  established  by 
presentation  of  a  diploma  from  a  reputable  liter  ry  college,  or  pass  an  exaniiiui- 
tion  by  a  board  of  censors. —For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2) 
three  years'  study;  (3)  attendance  at  hospital  clinics;  (4)  two  courses  of  dissection; 
(5)  good  English  education  I  see  above);  ((!)  ''a  competent  knowledge  of  all  the 
branches  taught  in  this  college;  qualiflcations  su-tlcient  to  rightly  apply  the  prin- 
ciples inculcated  in  every-day  practice,  is  the  only  basis  upon  which  degrees  are 
conferred." 

Feks:     Matriculation  (paid  but  once),  $5;  hospital,  13;  lectures,  1^75;  demon- 
strator, |5;  graduatiim,  ($25. 

Studbntm:    Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  re|>orted, 
:ind  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1877  78  19  8  42+ 

1878-7S»  15  7  4(5 

1879  80  16  8  53 

1880-81  aO.  10  M 

1881-82  24  10  40 

1882-83  26  11  40 

Average  percentage  of   graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six   years, 
fortij-jive. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  yt'ar.  1. 
Nnmher  of  graduates  in  Illinois.  4, 


102 


MEDICAL  LAVVH  AND   INHTITUTIONS. 


Medical  Collkok  ok  Four  \Naynk. 
Fort  Wayne,  Intl. 
Orjraiii/AHl  in  1876.     ClaHHtw  wort-  jrradnatetl  in  oach  year  from  IH77 

to  1H83.  inoluHivp. 

During  tho  HUmmer  of  \HH'A,  the  effectn  of  the  colleRf  were  sold 
under  execution,  and  the  orKunizntion  Lecume  extinct.  (For  what  .h 
Htated  to  have  l,een  -all  th(.  furniture  and  all  the  iUuHtrationH  of  the 
entire  establishment,"  a  little  over  Hfty  di)llarH  wan  receive.!.) 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  2. 

Mkdioai-  College  of  Inpiana. 
Indianapolis,  Ind, 
Organized  in  1H78,  when  the  Indiana  Medical  College  (organized 
I8(i8)  and  the  College  of  Physiciann  and  Surgeons  of  Indiana  (organ- 
ized 187;J)  were  united  to  form  this  college.  This  college,  formerly  the 
medical  department  of  »ntler  University,  severed  its  connection  witli 
that  institution  in  1888.  -The  faculty  embraces  ten  professoi-s.  four 
assistants,  two  demonstrators,  a  ciwator,  and  prosector. 

COUK8K  OK  Inhtkuotion:  one  .•«««!«,•  term  of  twenty-two  weeks'  du.at.o,. 
rtnnually.  The  course  of  instruction  cover«  two  years;  daily  (luizzes,  chnics  and 
practical  instruction  are  ^iven. -Lectures  embrace  principles  and  practice  of 
RurKerv,  clinical  Hurgery,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  Kynecolo^y,  mental  un.l 
nervous  diseases,  physiology,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  children,  anatomy,  n.ate.  , 
medica,  theraneiHics,  ophthalmoloRy.  otology,  chemistry,  toxicology. 

Reqiiibkmentb:  For  admission:  (1)  credible  certificate  of  good  moral  stand- 
ing-'  (2)  diplomas  of  graduation  from  a  good  literary  ana  scientific  college,  or  high 
school;  or,  lacking  this,  (3)  a  thorough  examination  in  the  branches  of  a  good 
English  education,  including  mathematics,  English  composition,  and  elementary 
physics  or  natural  philosophy.  -For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2 1 
good  moral  character;  (.S)  three  years' study;  H)  two  full  courses;  (fi)    'examina- 

.  >?'.^  >>v  the  faculty  on  oil  the  branches  of  medicine." 

„  .,  .  •     ■;  :■  '-     I  ■.■,.■  i< ■;■■■■     •?•"     Irrt'-'rp.n     *4-0;  demonstrator.  iflO; 

Fees:     Matnculaiiou,  t",  Vuo-o>'.>i.v^k j^  r.  ,   tfCTt^f.-  ^»i  .  udiu^ 

hospital.  $6;  graduation,  |26.  .          .                .    i 
STtTDENTS:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported. 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates 

Session.                   Matriculates.  Graduates. 

1878-79              ;^   '^        I4fi  '^^ 

1879-80                       '   tSi  «0 

1880  81                           200  8$ 

1881  82                         164  *8 
1882-88                          131  ^3 

Average  percentage  of   graduates  to   matriculates  during  the  past  four  years. 

thirty-nine. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  year,  13. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  37. 


Percent. 
46-f- 
88— 
41.6 
35+ 
40.4 


lawiiiOnniliiiLiiiuM'm'i  '»'  ' 


nar  from  IH77 

<ge  werf  sold 

(Fcr  what   in 

•utioiiH  of  thf 


idiana  (or^^uu- 
e,  formerly  the 
onnection  witli 
rofeBHots.  four 

weeks'  dunitioii 
izze»,  clinicw  mid 

unci  prnclice  of 
)lof;y,  mental  nin' 
umtomy,  iiiatj'i    . 

rood  moral  ntaud- 
ic  college,  or  liif?li 
uichea  of  H  good 
I,  aud  elementary 
'  years  of  age;  (2) 
is;  (5)  "examina- 

emonstrator.  ijilO; 

li  KeHHlon  reported. 

Percent. 
46-1- 
33— 
41.6 
35-f 
40.4 
;he  past  four  yearn. 


INDIANA. 


10» 


Central  Coli.eoe  of  PHVMiriANK  and  Sukokonh. 
IiulinimpoliH,  Iiul. 
Orf^iiiiiztHl  in  I87i>.     The  tirHt  chws  whh  ^riulimtod  iu  INNd.     The 
faculty  ornbrnpeH  eleven  profesnorH,  three  leetnrerH,  three  tleraoiintrutorH 
and  one  i)roHector. 

OouuHE  OP  iNHTKtioTioN;  One  |>r>'liininary  oourne  of  one  weekV,  and  one  regnlnr 
winter  courne  of  twenty-one  weeks' duration  annually;  three  yearn' gra<led  coiirce 
recommended,  l)ut  not  recjuired;  clinical  teaching  i«  given  at  hospitals,  city  and 
college  dispeni  iry.-  -Lectures  embrace  anatomy,  physiology,  microscopy,  histology, 
chemistry,  materia  medicn,  th(>rapeutics,  obstetrics,  medical  and  surgical  diseases 
of  women,  surgery,  siirgicrd  pathology,  ophthalmology,  otology,  laryngoscopy, 
principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  mental  and  nervous  diseases,  sanitary  science 
and  medical  jurisprudence. 

Rbijuibkmenth:  For  admission,  "satisfactory  evidence  of  a  good  Knglish 
education."  Certificates  of  graduation  from  a  high  school  or  like  institution,  or  a 
teacher's  certificate  from  a  county  superintendent  of  schools,  will  be  accepted  as 
sufficient  evidence  of  such  education.  Students  who  have  ,tttended  one  course  of 
lectures,  and  practitioners  in  good  standing,  are  exempt  fr«>m  this  reijuirement, — 
For  gradnation:  (1)  good  moral  character;  (2)  twenty-one  yeart,  of  age;  (8)  three 
years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  must  pass  saiisfactory  examina- 
tion in  anatomy,  including  dissections,  physiology,  chemistry,  materia  medica,  ther- 
apeutics, obstetrics,  surgery,  principles  aud  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $r>;  lectures,  |40;  laboratory,  $5;  demonstrator.  |5; 
hospital,  |6;  graduation,  |25. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  (Graduates.  Percent. 

1879-80  42  12  28.5 

1880-81  62  17  27.4  • 

1881-82  48  10  284- 

1882-83  U  24  54.0 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  four  years, 
thirty-three. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  year,  1. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  4. 

Remarks:  Dr.  Eastman,  secretary,  writes:  "The  candidate  for 
graduation  who  makes  ttO^  per  cent,  in  all  departments  is  passod. 
Failing  in  one  important  chair,  and  making  a  very  high  average  in  other 
important  chairs,  he  may  be  balloted  for;  but  if  he  falls  below  in  three 
chairs,  he  can,  under  no  circumstances,  have  a  ballot  for  gradtmtioiu 
Our  school  was  organized  to  change  the  mode  of  graduation  in  Indiana, 
and  we  will  stand  up  in  line.  The  following  is  an  extract  from  the  fifth 
annual  announcement :  "  The  time  is  close  at  hand  when  "lo  medical 
school  can  afford  to  confer  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine  upon  any 
one  not  known  to  be  qualified  for  the  responsible  duties  of  the  pro- 
fessioa" 


104 


MKI)I(!AIi  lAWR  AND  INHTITUTIONS. 


FoKT    Wayne    CJoi.leok    i>f    Mkdioink. 
Fort  Wiiyiie,  Ind.     (Poj).  2(3,8«0). 
()i>,'niiiz<Hl   iti    1870.      The   tirst  clasH   gnidnattMl   in    1880.— The 
fftCTilty  ombraces  tliirteon  [JiofoHHorn,  two  aBHiHtantH  anil  three  lecturers. 
CouurtK  OK  iNSTUticriiiN:     (Jriuli'il  conrHn  of  three  yciirH  rt'CiiiiinitMuloilbut  not 
re((uired|  one  couine  of  twenty-four  weeki*' duriition  iinnimlly ;  oMnu'iil  inHtructioii 
giTeu  nt  hoBpitnl  iind  dispenHnry.-  Lecturew  embnice  anatomy,  phyniology,  uliem- 
iHtry,   toxicology,   iniiteria    uiedicii,   tlierupouticn,  norvour*   imd    inentiil   diseHseo, 
orthopedic  Hurwery,  iiygieno  iind  medical  jurisprud'.'nce. 

IlEyuiKKM  ,  a:  For  HdnuHHion;  "  Helieving  that  tlie  time  iiuH  conio  wlien  the 
pul)lie  demands  men  of  at  leant  a  fair  degree  of  culture  in  the  medical  profet  -i, 
we  will  HMiuiro  satisfactory  evidence  that  the  student  has  at  least  a  fair  profloiency 
in  tl-.'  fundamental  branches  of  an  English  education.  Kvidenco  of  graduation  in 
a  high  school,  academy  or  college,  or  u  license  to  teach  in  the  public  schools,  will 
be  accepted."— For  graduation:  (I)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  char- 
acter;  (3)  throe  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures,  not  within  the  sime 
twelvemonth;  (5)  dissection  for  one  session;  (6)  instruction  in  chemistry  during 
one  session;  (7)  must  have  followed  the  practice  of  a  hospital;  (8)  must  pass 
monthly  and  terminal  examinations;  premature  examination  will  be  granted  if  good 
and  sutllcient  reasons  are  given  for  requesting  it. 

Feks:  Matriculation,  l|f.;  lectureB.  |40;  demonstrator.  $t,;  laboratory,  |B; 
hospital,  $5;  graduation,  1^25. 

8TUDKNT8:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  nach  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculates.  (haduates.  Percent. 
1881-82                            27                                  16  50+ 
1882-83                            26                                  12  48 
\verage  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  i)a8t   two  years, 
fiftn-IUrce. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  2.  , 

Indiana  Eclectic  Medical  (Jolleoe. 
Iudiana]iolis,  Ind. 
Organized  in  1880. — The  faculty  embraces  thirteen  profeaHors  and 

two  demonBtrators. 

Course  of  Instbuotion:  One  course  of  lectures  of  twenty  weeks'  duration 
annually.  Will  embrace,  in  addition  to  didactic  lectures,  as  far  as  practicable, 
oli  .ical  instruction.— Lectures  embrace  physiology,  anatomy,  otology,  ophthal- 
mology, chemistry,  toxicology,  medical  jurisprudence,  hygiene,  surgery,  surgical 
pathology,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  obstetrics,  materia  medica,  thera- 
peutics, gynecology,  dermatology,  diseases  of  children. 

RK(iUiBEMENT8:  For  admission;  "Every  student  m 'st  ,  osssess  a  good 
English  education,  including  mathematics.  English  composition  and  elementary 
physics.  A  diploma  from  a  high  aclv-^'^'  r  college  is  preferred."— For  graduation: 
(1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  three  years'  study;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lect:'res; 
(4)  must  produce  evidence  of  attendance  on  lectures  on  practical  anatomy;  (5) 
thesis  or  clinical  report;  (6)  examination  on  the  regular  and  essential  branches  of 
imdicine;  (7)  good  moral  character. 


^^ 


1  1880.— 'I'ho 
liroo  locturerf.. 

inioiuloil  but  not 
liciil  iiiHtructiou 
lyHiology,  cheni- 
ntnitul   disoiiRef, 

H  coino  wlitiii  the 
(liciil  profet  'i, 
,  fiiir  profloieucy 
)f  ^raduntion  in 
l>lic  Hchools,  will 
;()«)d  luornl  chiir- 
within  tho  n.xmn 
lioniiHtry  during 
1;  (8)  must  pans 
<  jfi-iiuted  if  good 

laboratory,    )f5; 

Mexsion  reported, 

Percent, 

594- 
48 
i  past   two  years, 


profeaHors  and 

weeks'  duration 
tr  aa  practicable, 
itology,  ophthal- 
surgery,  surgical 
ia  medica,  thera- 

^  osssess  a  good 
I  and  elementary 
—For  gradn.ition: 
)urses  of  lect:''res; 
ioal  anatomy;  (5) 
jutial  branches  of 


INDIANA. 


1 05 


Fkhh:  Matriculation,  |A;  donionrttrntur,  |A;  loctnren,  l|4U;  graduation,  i|2S; 
laboratory,  l|tA. 

Studrnth:  Number  of  inatrloulateK  and  of  graduntoH  nt  each  «eaAion  reported, 
and  piToentagort  of  graduattm  to  niatriinilatcM — 

HeMsiou.  MatrifMilatex.  OraduiiteM.  Percent. 

1B8()-81  il7  lit  44.4 

1881-81)  Itf  11  58+ 

1882-88  '24  7  2o4- 

Average  percentage  of  graduaten  to  niatrioulateH  during  the  past  three  yearn, 
forty-lhrfe. 

..'.  .inber  of  lUinoiH  •<tudt'iitH  during  the  past  /ear,  .H. 
'.i.-nber  of  graduates  in  Ulinoir*,  !t. 

Kkmaukh:  At  tho  April,  1S(S;{,  meetiiif?  of  th«»  Ii.linoih  Staik  Boahd 
OF  Health,  cluirgt^s  nfjiiinst  this  oolloge  \muff  uiuW  coiiHidenitioii,  it 
WHH  roHolvtJcl  thiit  its  diploniiiH  woiild  l;o  rocojjnizod  in  tho  future  by 
Haid  BoAUD,  whenever,  and  tto  lotiy  an,  it  shall  apiiear  that  Uh  inethodn 
and  i>racticen  entitle  it  to  mieh  tecoynition. 

Hospital  Medkjal  College  of  Evanhvillk. 
EvJinsville,  Ind. 

Or^.uiizod  in  I  j'2.  Firet  chisH  gi-aduivtod  in  the  spring  of  1888.  — 
Faculty  conHistH  of  nine  profosHorH  and  three  lecturorH. 

OouRHE  OF  Inhtbuction  embraces  a  preliminary  course  of  four  weeks  during 
Sei)temlH>r.  free  to  matriculates  of  the  college;  and  u  regular  winter  course,  begin- 
ning about  the  ttrst  of  October  and  continuing  live  inonthc- -Lectures  are  giv«»n  on 
surgery,  obstetrics,  chemistry,  anatomy,  therapeutics,  j)hysiology,  practical  medi- 
cine, medical  jurisprudence,  ophthalmology  and  otology;  together  with  daily  clinics 
in  medicine,  surgery  and  obstetrics  "  as  the  material  will  justify." 

UBt^uiUBMBNTS:  There  are  no  re(|uirements  announced  for  admission  to  the 
lecture  courses,  but  for  graduation  they  are  stated  to  be  "three  full  years  of  study 
with  a  regular  physician;  two  fall  courses  of  lectures,  the  last  being  at  this  college; 
the  candidate  must  have  reached  his  majority,  and  possess  a  good  moral  character; 
he  must  have  dissi  ^led  three  parts  of  the  human  body  and  pass  a  satisfactory 
examination  in  c     h  of  the  seven  branches  taught  in  this  college." 

Fkes:    Matriculation.  |5;  lectures,  if!40;  practical  anatomy,  $5;  graduation,  $25. 

Students:  Session  of  1882-83,  matriculates,  11;  graduates,  5.  The  secretary 
of  the  college  writes:  "One  of  thi'  graduates  had  already  graduated  in  another 
college.     Our  percentage  [of  graduates  to  matriculates],  therefore,  is  forty. 

<  hif  graduate  in  I'/inoiK. 

Beach    Medical  CohhEoz —(Eclectic). 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Orjjanized  in  1888.     The  faculty  embraces  eight  profoasors. 

CouitSB  OF  Instbuotion:  One  i)reliniiuary  course  of  twelve  days'  duration; 
one  regular  course  of  live  months'  duration,  and  one  practitioner's  course  of  eight 
weoks'   duration  will   be   given   annually. — Lectures   embrace  anatomy,  surgery. 


106 


iMEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


theory  and  prnctice  of  medicine,  obfltetricB,  materia  medica,  tberapeutioH,  phjsti- 
ology,  hir.tology,  gynecology,  diseases  of  children,  electro-therapeutics,  chemistry, 
toxicology,  botany,  and  medical  jurisprudence  (taught  by  the  different  chairs). 

Reqtjibementb:  For  admission  and  graduation:  Twenty -one  years  of  age, 
testimonials  of  good  moral  character,  and  good  English  education,  including 
mathematics,  English  composition,  and  elementary  physics,  or  natural  philoscphy. 
Such  proof  to  consist  of  u  diploma  of  graduation  from  some  literary  and  scientific 
college  or  high  school;  or  be  furnished  by  an  examination,  by  a  i-ommittee 
appointed  for  that  purpose.  The  ninth  "article  of  incorporation,"  printed  in  the 
announcement,  provides  that "  no  student  shall  be  admitted  to  the  graduating  class, 
without  furnishing  to  the  faculty  satisfactory  evidence  of  good  character,  of  being 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  of  having  read  medicine  with  one  or  more  reputable  i)rac- 
titioners  for  three  years,  and  of  attendance  on  two  courses  of  medical  lectures  in 
a  legal  mndical  college,  the  last  of  which  shall  have  been  in  this  college." 

Fees:  Matriculation,  15;  laboratory.  |6;  demonstrator,  $5:  lectures,  !|!4fl; 
graduation,  $25. 


IOWA. 

Population,  1,624,615.  Number  of  physicians,  3,035.  Niiml)er  of 
inhabitanfa  to  each  physician,  535. 

An  act,  passed  in  1882,  granting  additional  powers  to  cities,  pro- 
vides that  cities  organized  under  the  general  incorporation  laws  of  the 
State,  in  addition  to  the  powers  already  granted  them,  shall  have  power: 
To  regulate,  license,  and  tax  itinerant  doctors,  physicians  and  siU"geons. 

Section  8,643  of  the  General  Statutes  prohibits  a  doctor  from  giving, 
in  his  testimony  before  a  court,  any  confidential  cominunication  prop- 
erly entrusted  to  him  in  his  professional  capacity,  and  necessaiy  and 
proper  to  enable  him  to  discharge  the  functions.of  his  office  according 
to  the  usual  covu-se  of  practice. 

College  of  Physicians  and  Scikgeons  {Formerly  Medical  Department 

University  of  Iowa). 

Keokuk,  Iowa.     (Pop.,  12.117.) 

Organized  in  1850.    The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1851.    Classes 

were  graduated  each  subsequent  year.  —  Faculty  embraces  six  pro- 

fesso '8,  two  lecturers,  and  one  "taxidermist  and  curator  of  museum." 

OouiisE  OF  Instruction:  One  course  of  lectures  of  twenty  weeks'  duration, 
annually;  three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required.  Clinics 
given  at  the  college  infirmary ;  practical  anatomy  and  practical  chemistry. — Lec- 
tures embrace  institutes  and  practice  of  surgery,  chemistry,  toxicology,  mate^a 
medica,  institutes  and  practice  of  medicine,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women,  anatomy, 
pathology,  physiology,  therapeutics,  ophthalmology,  otology,  medical  jurisprudence, 
metric  system. 

Rbquibements :  For  admission:  "A  certificate  of  graduation  from  a  literiiry 
college,  academy,  high  sclu)ol,  or  first-class  teacher's  certificate,  or  a  matriculation 
examination  in  the  branches  of  a  good  English  education." — For  graduation:  (1) 


It>WA. 


107 


mtiop.  phjai- 
is,  chemistry, 
t  chairs). 
^earp  of  age, 
m,   including 
,1  philoscphy. 
and  scientific 
a   i-ommittee 
)rinted  in  the 
duating  cla8», 
cter,  of  being 
putable  i)rac- 
lal  lectures  in 
ge." 
lectures,   $46; 


Number  of 

i  cities,  pro- 
lawB  of  th*' 
have  power: 
ad  surgeons, 
from  giving, 
cation  prop- 
ecessaiy  and 
ice  according 

Department 


851.  Classes 
ices  six  pro- 
of museum." 

reeks'  duration, 
uired.  Clinics 
hemistry.— Lec- 
cology,  matei^a 
omen,  anatomy, 
A  jurisprudence. 

from  a  literary 
a  matriculation 
graduation:  (1) 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

1875-7G 

276 

1876-77 

206 

1878-79 

201 

1879-80 

266 

1881-82 

276 

1882-83 

180 

twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (8)  two  full  courses  of  lectures; 
(4)  three  years'  study;  (5)  no  thesis  required;  (6)  satisfactory  examination,  either 
oral  or  written,  at  the  discretion  of  the  faculty,  in  anatomy,  physiology  and 
pathology,  chemistry,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery. 

Fejss:     Matriculation,  ^5;  demonstrator,  $5;  lectures,  $20;  graduation,  |3(i. 
Students:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  nt  each  session  reported, 
and  percentnges  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Graduates.  Percent. 

118  42.7 

115  46 

81  40.4 

117  44— 

126  46+ 

64  41.5 

Average  peroer.tage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  sii  ytthr^, 
forty-four. 

Number  ^f  Illinois  students  during  the  first  year,  80. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  275. 

lowA  Medical  College. 
Keokuk,  la. 
Organized  in  1858.     Extinct  since  1800. 

Medical  Department  of  the  State  University  of  Iowa. 
Iowa  City,  la.     (Pop.  7,123.) 
Organized  in  1870.    The  first  class  graduated  in  1871.    Classes  have 
graduated  each  subsequent   year.  —  The  faculty  embraces  eight  |)ro- 
fessors,  one  assistant,  one  lecturer  and  one  prosector. 

CouBBE  OF  Instbuotion:  One  course  of  twenty-two  weeks'  duration  annually; 
graded  course  recommended  but  not  required.  Instruction  is  given  by  lectures, 
recitations,  clinics,  practical  work  in  laboratories,  dissections,  and  daily  oral  exam- 
inations, a  record  of  which  is  preserved  for  future  reference.  AH  students  in  the 
advanced  classes  of  both  courses  will  receive  special  practical  instruction  in  physi- 
cal diagnosis,  mechanical  obstetrics,  application  of  bandages,  splints,  and  surgical 
dressings.-  -Lectures  embrace  anatomy,  physiology,  microscopic  anatomy,  oliem- 
istry,  toxicology,  materia  medica,  practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  gyne- 
cology, ophthalmology,  otology,  medical  jurisprudence. 

Recjuibements :  For  admission:  "  All  candidates  for  admission  to  the  course 
of  medical  lectures  must  give  evidence  of  a  good  English  education.  If  the 
applicant  is  a  graduate  of  a  literary  or  scientific  college,  or  presents  the  certificate 
of  having  passed  the  entrance  examination  of  such  an  institution,  or  the  certifi- 
cate of  graduation  from  a  high  school  or  academy,  it  will  be  accepted  in  lieu  of 
an  examination.  In  any  other  case,  the  candidate  must  pass  an  examination 
before  a  committee  of  the  faculty,  as  follows:  A  written  composition,  not  to 
exceed  a  page  of  foolscap,  on  a  given  subject,  which  will  be  the  test  of  orthog- 
raphy, grammar,  etc.;  an  examination  in  common  arithmetic,  history  of  the 
United   States,   in   geography   and   elementary    physics,   or   natural    pliilosuphy. 


I  ii.iii  ilirrAriiii 


lOH 


MEDICAL  LAWH  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


8tadt*uti<  from  other  Hohoolf*  not  requiriu^r  prelimiuary  exiiminationH  mnat  preneiit 
oredeutiaU  or  be  examined  for  admission." — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  unexceptiouttble  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  courses 
of  lectures;  (5)  satisfactory  examination  in  all  the  branches  taught.  In  cases 
where  the  three-term  course  is  adopted,  a  certificate  of  time  of  study  is  not  an 
absolute  re()uirement. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  #5;  lectures,  !|;20;  demonstrator,  SjilO;  laborat«>ry,  $5; 
graduation,  !|'J5. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  ])ercentage8  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates, 

Percent. 

1877-78 

82 

19 

23+ 

1878-79 

92 

lf> 

16+ 

1879-80 

126 

22 

17+ 

1880-81 

liP 

M 

23+ 

1881-82 

IM 

*(> 

30+ 

188a-83 

162 

35 

21+ 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
ttvenly-two. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  year.  9. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  31. 

Remarks:  Thirty-seven  per  cent,  of  the  matricultitos  pursne  the 
three  years'  graded  course,  an  increase  over  the  preceding  year  of 
seven  per  cent.  Hygiene  is  taught  by  the  chairs  ot  practice  and 
physiology. 

HoMlBOPATHlC    ..IeDICAL    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    StATE    UNIVERSITY    OF   loWA. 

Iowa  City,  la.      '  ' 

Organized  1877. — Faculty  embraces  two  professors,  five  lectiu'ers, 
and  an  assistant  to  the  chair  of  materia  medica.  The  teaching  of  this 
department  is  supplementary,  the  peculiar  views  of  the  school  only 
being  taught.  The  lecturer  on  subjects  common  to  both  schools  are 
delivered  by  the  professois  in  the  regular  department. 

OouBSE  OF  Inhtbuotion:  One  course  of  twenty -two  weeks'  duration  annually. 
— Jjoctures  embrace  theory  and  pii  tice,  materia  niedicn,  diseases  of  women  and 
ohildrei:,  and  obstetrical  and  surgical  therapeutics,  dermatology,  pharmacy,  physi- 
cal diagnosis,  minor  surgery,  dentistry,  anatomy,  physiology,  obstetrics,  surgery, 
chemistry  and  medical  jurisprudence. 

Kkquibembnth:  For  admission,  no  requirement  is  printed  in  the  regular  annual 
announcement,  but  the  dean  writes  that,  since  the  announcement  was  issued,  the 
board  of  regents  have  adopted  the  preliminary  requirements  given  in*  the  synopsis 
of  the  regular  department  (vide  sii}>ra).  and  that  they  "are  now  in  full  force  in 
both  departments." — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty -one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral 
character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  '"  must  have 
been  engaged  in  the  study  of  practical  anatomy  and  practical  chemistry;"  (6) 
satisfactory  examination  in  all  the  branches  taught  in  the  department.  "The  final 
examinations  will  be  conducted  in  writing,  by  the  faculty  of  the  department,  sub- 
ject to  approval  or  rejection  by  a  board  of  examiners,  selected  for  that  purpose 


T-jTrW^-?  ^IW^-^JlWi  ■  ' 


fl  nmat  present 
renty-one  yeiirs 
(4)  two  courses 
ght.  lu  cases 
tudy  is  not  an 

laboratory,  $5; 

?ssion  reported, 

Percent. 
23+ 
16+ 
17+ 
2.i+ 
30+ 
21+ 
past  six  years, 


3s  pursiie  the 

iding  year  of 

practice  and 

isiTY  or  Iowa. 

live  lecturers, 
aching  of  this 
le  school  only 
;h  schools  are 

iratiou  auniially. 
IS  of  women  and 
ihai-macy,  physi- 
istetrics,  surgery, 

le  regular  annual 
t  was  issued,  the 
n  in'  the  synopsis 
in  full  force  in 
i;  (2)  good  moral 
;  (5)  "  must  have 
I  chemistry;"  (6) 
uent.  "  The  final 
department,  sub- 
for  that  purpose 


IOWA. 


109 


from  the  homceopathic  physicians  of  Iowa,  The  adeimdem  degree  in  this  dej>art- 
ment  may  be  conferred  under  the  following  circumstances;  The  candidate  must  be 
in  possession  of  an  accredited  diploma,  and  must  present  letters  from  two  respect- 
able physicians  in  regard  io  his  moral  character  and  professional  standing.  An 
attendance  upon  lectures  from  time  to  time  during  the  session,  and  a  satisfactory 
examination  must  be  passed  on  all  subjects  taught  in  the  department.'" 

Fees:  Matriculation,  |5;  lectures,  |20;  demonstrator,  |10;  laboratory  course, 
$6;  graduation,  $25. 

STiroENTS:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates, 

Graduates, 

Percent 

1877-78 

18 

1 

6.6 

1878-79 

*>*• 

8 

9.3 

1879-80 

i  i 

8 

19+ 

1880-81 

16 

26.6 

1881-92 

46 

15 

32.6 

1882-83 

44 

12 

27.2 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years. 
twenty-three. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  3. 

Remabks:  Twenty-seven  per  cent,  of  the  students  pursue  the  three 
years'  graded  course,  a  decrease  over  the  preceding  year  of  one  j)er  cent. 

Iowa  Medical  Coi.i,ege  —  (Eclectic.) — Medical  Department  of  Drake 

University. 
Des  Moines,  la.     (Pop.  22,408.) 
Organized  in  1881   as  the  Iowa  Eclectic  Medical  College,  Medical 
Department  of  Drake  University;  assumed  its  present  name  in  1883. 
The  first  class  graduated  in  1882. — The  faculty  embraces  eight  pro- 
fessors and  five  lecturers. 

CouBSE  OF  Instbuotion:    Two  sessions  of  twenty  weeks  each,  held  each  year. 

Lectures  embrace  chemistry,  toxicology,  physiology,  descriptive  and  surgical 
anatomy,  obstetrics,  materia  medica,  therajjeutios,  principles  and  practice  of  medi- 
cine, gynecology,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  diseases  of  the  thorax, 
alimentary  tract  and  children,  dental  pathology,  medical  jurisprudence. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good, moral  character;  (3)  good  English  education;  (4)  must  have  read 
medicine  three  years  and  attended  two  full  courses  of  lectures,  not  in  the  same  year; 
(5)  dissection  for  two  terms;  (6)  satisfactory  examination  in  anatomy,  chemistry, 
materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  obstetrics,  physiology,  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery,  either  written  or  oral,  at  discretion  of  the  faculty. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  .'^iC;   lectures,  ^26;  demonstrator,  $6;  graduation,  |25. 
Students:    Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates : 

Session.  Matriculates.  (Tniduntes,  Per  cent. 

Jan.  to  June,  1882,  25  7  22+ 

Sept.,  1882,  to  Jan.,  1883  19 

Jan.  to  June,  1883.  19  8  42+ 

Total  number  of  individual  students  who  have  attended  lectures  at  this  school. 


J^- ^Ttbtt'-itfTaW'ainttfa&Jt . 


iia 


MKIDIOAI,  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


^ 


t' 


39.      Total   number   i^rnduiited,    15.      Fflrceutnf^i.  of    graduatefl   to   matrioulateH, 
thirfii-night. 

Remarks;  E.  H.  Carter,  M.D.,  dean,  writes:  "Our  annouDce- 
moafc  just  published  "  (issued  iwfore  the  receipt  of  documents  inform- 
ing him  oi!  the  minimum  requirements  of  the  Board)  "  does  not  fill 
your  requirements.  We  will  gladly  put  ourselves  in  harmony  with  the 
present  custom  of  the  liest  schools  in  this  country.  Wo  have  sent  out 
a  few  annoiancements  Hke  the  one  I  sent  you.  Will  send  no  more, 
however,  but  will  have  new  ones  printed."  Under  date  October  13, 
1883,  Dr.  Carter  adds,  concerning  requirements  for  admission,  "candi- 
dates must  possess  a  good  English  education.  *  ♦  #  w^  Yi^y^ 
examined  all  who  have  been  admitted." 

Iowa  College  of  Physicians  and  Sdroeons. 
Des  Moines,  la. 

Organized  in  1882.  The  first  class  gi-aduated  in  1883. — The  faculty 
embraces  fifteen  professors. 

OouBHE  OK  Inbtbuction:  One  course  of  lectures  of  twenty-three  weeks' 
duration  annually;  three  yearn'  graded  courso  recommended  but  not  required. — 
Lectures  embrace  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  principles  and  practice  of 
surgery,  clinical  surgery,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  diseases  of  children,  anatomy, 
physiology,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  chemistry,  toxicology,  pathology, 
histology,  microscopy,  ophthalmology,  otology,  laryngology,  medical  jurispru- 
dence, mental  and  nervous  diseases,  dermatology,  orthopedic  surgery,  hygiene, 
genito-urinary  diseases. 

Rkquibkments:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years; 
(2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures; 
(5)  satisfactory  examination  in  the  several  branches  taught  in  the  college,  "  and 
present  satisfactory  evidence  of  a  preliminary  examination  in  the  higher  English 
branches  as  taught  in  the  high  school,  academy  or  college,  or  be  subject  to  an 
examination  in  the  same,  at  the  discretion  of  the  faculty." 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  $40;  demonstrator,  $6;  graduation,  $26; 
laboratory,  $6. 

Students:  Session  of  1882-83 — matriculates,  9;  graduates,  3.  Per  cent,  of 
graduates  to  matriculates,  thirty-three. 


KANSAS. 

Population,  99(5,096.  Number  of  physicians,  1,904.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  "lO?. 

In  1879  an  act  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Kansas  was 
pc-ised,  which  authorized  the  Kansas  Medical  Society,  the  Eclectic  Med- 
ical Society  of  the  State  of  Kansas,  and  the  Homoeopathic  State 
Medical  Society,  each,  to  appoint  a  board  of  examiners.  These  boards 
were  empowered  to  grant  certificates  to  those  presenting  diplomas  duly 


\ 


Mi 


K  A  N  S  AH     K  KNTIK^  K  Y . 


Ill 


matrioulatea, 

announce- 
nts  inform- 
oes  not  fill 
ny  witli  the 
ive  sent  out 
d  no  more, 
October  13, 
on,  "candi- 
We  have 


-The  faculty 

r-three  weeks' 
ot  required. — 
md  practice  of 
iren,  aniitomy, 
fjr,  pathology, 
iioal  juriapru- 
•gery,  hygiene, 

mtyone  years; 
(68  of  lectures; 
>  college,  "  and 
higher  English 
subject  to  an 

•aduation,  $26; 

Per  cent,  of 


authenticated,  as  well  as  to  those  passing  an  examination  by  either  one 
of  the  boards;  and  such  certificates  were  conclusive  as  to  the  right  of 
the  recipients  to  practice  in  the  State. 

In  otlier  respects,  also,  the  act  reseml)led  the  California  act,  the  text 
of  which  is  given  elsewhere. 

Dr.  D.  W.  Stormont,  of  Topeka,  president  of  one  of  the  Boards  of 
Examiners,  writes  that  this  act  was  declared  unconstitutional,  on  the 
ground  that  the  medical  examiners,  l)eing  State  officers,  should  have 
been  appointed  by  the  (iovernor,  instead  of  by  the  State  medical  soci- 
eties. No  examinations  have  been  made  since  1880.  Complaint  was 
also  made,  that  the  law  was  defective  in  operation,  in  that  pei-sons  who 
failed  to  pass  the  examination  of  on(^  board  were  not  debarred  from 
appearing  before  either  of  the  others;  and  that  in  this  way  incompetent 
individuals  IxHJame  legally  qiialified. 

Medical  Department  Univehhitv  of  Kansas. 
Lawrence,  Kas.  (Pop.  8,571.) 
Organized  in  1880. 

CouBSE  OF  Inbtbuotion:  Two  terms  of  twenty  weeks'  duration,  annually. 
First  term — chemistry  lectures  and  recitations  daily,  for  twenty  weeks;  laboratory 
practice  for  twenty  weeks;  physiology  lectures  daily,  for  ten  weeks;  comparative 
anatomy,  dissections,  etc.,  etc.,  ten  weeks.  Second  term — botany  recitations  and 
laboratory  practice  daily,  for  twenty  weeks;  chemistry,  physiology  and  pathology 
recitations  and  laboratory  practice,  for  fourteen  weeks;  toxicology,  six  weeks; 
materia  medica  recitaiions  and  practice  daily,  for  twenty  weeks. 

REtjuiBEUENTs:  A  full  collegiate  course  *8  recommended  for  all  professional 
students.  Any  student  admitted  to  the  special  course  in  medicine  must  be 
prepared  at  least  for  freshman  class  in  all  English  studies. 

Number  of  students  attending  the  last  session,  seven. 

Remarks:  This  is  a  preparatory  medical  courae,  and  is  claimed  to 
be  "  accepted  by  all  the  leading  colleges  of  the  West  as  the  first  of  a 
three-years'  com'se,  and  students  passing  examinations  in  these  classes 
will  be  admitted  to  the  second  year  in  those  colleges  on  the  certificate 
of  the  faculty  of  this  institution." 


Number  of 

Kansas  was 
Eclectic  Med- 
pathic  State 
These  boards 
iplomas  duly 


KENTUCKY. 

Population,  1,048,6^K).     Number  of  [jhysicians,  2,U85.     Niunber  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  551. 
An  Act  to  Protect  Citizens  of  this  Commonwealth  from  Empiricism. 

Whkbeas,  The  people  are  liable  to  be  imposed  upon  by  charlatans  and  incom- 
petent physicians  and  surgeons;  and  whekeas  it  is  of  the  highest  importance  that 
none  but  persons  with  competent  (]ualifications  should  be  allowed  to  practice  a 


112 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


profeHoion  to  whoBe  ekill  and  nbility  the  life  of  the  individual  if  iutnift^d;  there- 
fore, 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Oonimonwenlth  of  Kentucky: 

Se<;tion  1.  That  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  pemon,  for  reward  or  compen- 
sation, within  the  limits  of  this  State,  to  practice  medicine  in  any  of  its 
departments,  or  to  prescribe,  or  attempt  to  proscribe,  medicine  for  any  sick  person, 
or  perform,  or  attempt  to  perform,  any  surgical  operation  upon  any  person  within 
said  limits,  who  has  not  graduated  at  some  chartered  school  of  medicine  in  this  or 
some  foreign  country,  or  who  cannot  produce  a  certificate  of  qualiflcatton  from 
some  one  of  the  boards  of  examiners  provided  for  in  this  act,  and  is  not  a  person 
of  good  moral  character. 

g  2.  Any  person  who  has  been  regularly  and  honorably  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  in  any  of  its  departments,  for  ten  years,  shall  be  deemed  to 
have  complied  with  the  provisions  of  this  act.  Any  person  having  been  so  engaged 
for  five  years  shall  be  allowed  one  year  in  which  to  comply  with  said  provisions. 

§  3.  The  governor  shall,  within  sixty  days  from  the  passage  of  this  net, 
appoint  five  citizens  in  each  and  every  judicial  district  in  this  State;  said  citizens 
shall  be  practicing  physicians  of  acknowledged  learning  and  ability,  and  regular 
graduates  of  some  chartered  medical  college,  who  shall  constitute  and  be  styled. 
"The  Board  of  Medical  Examiners,"  for  said  district;  three  of  whom  shall  consti- 
tute a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business.  Their  term  of  ofiice  shall  bo  four 
(4)  years,  beginning  the  first  day  of  Ai)ril,  1874;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
governor,  each  four  years  thereafter,  and  prior  to  the  first  day  of  April,  to  appoint 
their  successors,  who  shall  have  the  qualifications  herein  required. 

§  4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  of  said  boards  to  meet  and  hold  annual 
sessions  in  their  respective  districts,  at  some  central  convenient  place,  easy  of 
access,  to  be  by  them  selected,  commencing  on  the  first  Monday  in  June  of  each 
year,  for  the  purpose  of  examining  all  applicants  who  desire  to  practice  medicine, 
in  any  of  its  departments.  The  examination  shall  be  conducted  in  such  manner 
and  to  such  extent  as  the  examiners  may  deem  most  conducive  to  the  interests  and 
wants  of  the  people  and  the  advancement  of  learning  in  the  medical  profession. 
and  to  embrace  the  following  branches  of  medical  soience,  viz:  Chemistry, 
anatomy,  physiology,  obstetrics,  surgery,  and  so  much  of  practical  medicine  as 
relates  to  the  nomenclature,  histology  and  symptoms  of  disease.  The  several 
boards  may  hold  extra  sessions,  if  they  deem  it  necessary,  at  any  time  and  place 
in  their  respective  districts  they  may  think  proper. 

§  6.  The  examiners  shall  require  all  applicants  to  produce  satisfactory 
evidence  of  good  moral  character,  and  to  jiay  an  examination  fee  of  not  inore 
than  twenty  dollars.  The  sessions  of  the  several  boards  shall  continue  long 
enough  to  give  all  who  desire  it  an  opportunity  to  undergo  a  fair  and  impartial 
examination. 

§  6.  The  examiners  shall  grant  all  applicants— who  shall  be  found  ui)on 
examination  to  possess  a  fair,  practical  knowledge  of  the  branches  named  in 
section  four  of  this  act — a  certificate  of  (jualification,  signed  by  at  least  three 
members  of  said  board,  which  shall  entitle  the  holder  thereof,  for  the  time  speci- 
fied, to  practice  any  or  all  of  the  branches  named  in  said  certificate,  anywhere  in 
said  district  or  adjoining  district. 

8  7.  The  members  of  the  several  boards  shall  receive  as  compensation  for 
their  services,  all  of  the  fees  j)aid  by  applicants  for  examination  before  said  board.' 
Certificates  shall  designate  the  time  and  the  branches  the  holder  thereof  shall  l)e 


KENTUCKY. 


11 :} 


?U>d;  there- 

entucky : 
or  compen- 
any  of  its 
sick  person. 
BTSon  within 
Qe  in  this  or 
cation  from 
not  ft  person 

in  the  prftc- 
p  deemed  to 
n  so  en>j;aned 
i  provisiouB. 

of  this  act, 
Bftid  citizens 
,  nnd  regiiliw 
nd  be  styled, 
I  shall  consti- 
shall  be  four 
e  duty  of  the 
ril.  to  appoint 

d  hold  annual 
place,  easy  of 
June  of  each 
tice  medicine, 
such  manner 
>  interests  and 
;al  profession. 
Chemistry, 
il  medicine  as 
The  several 
ime  and  place 

satisfactory 
of  not  more 
I'jntiuue  loiijj 
and  impartial 

found    upon 

hes    named  in 

at  least  three 

the  time  speci- 

anywhere  in 

ipcnsation  for 
ore  said  l)oard. 
lereof  shall  be 


entitled  to  practice,  and  shall  not  be  ^{ranted  for  a  longer  period  than  five  yeari", 
nor  a  less  period  than  one  year. 

§  8.  Any  person  liTing  in  this  State,  or  any  person  coming  into  this  State, 
who  shall  practice  medicine  or  attempt  to  practice  medicine,  in  any  of  its  depart- 
ments, or  who  shall  perform  or  attempt  to  perform  any  surgical  operation,  for  or 
upon  any  person  within  the  limits  of  this  State,  for  reward  or  rompeusation,  in 
violation  of  the  i)rovisions  of  this  act,  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof,  be  fined  fifty 
dollars,  and  upon  each  and  every  subsequent  conviction  shall  be  fined  one  hundred 
dollars  and  imprisoned  thirty  days,  or  either,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  jury; 
and  in  no  case  where  any  provision  of  this  act  has  been  violated,  siiall  the  person 
so  violating  be  entitled  to  receive  compensation  for  services  rendered. 

§  9.  Prorided,  that  nothing  herein  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  apply  to 
persons  practicing  dentistry. 

§  10.     This  act  shall  lie  in  force  from  its  passage. 

Approved,  February  28,  1874. 

DrB.  PiNCKNEV  THOMrsoN  and  J.  W.  Holland,  of  the  Kentucky 
State  Board  of  Health,  write  that,  in  all  but  a  few  coiinties  or  diBtricts, 
this  law  is  a  dead  letter. 

Medical  Department  of  Thansylvania  University. 
Lexington,  Ky,  (Pop.  16,656.) 
Organized  in  1817.  Lectures  were  delivered  at  Lexington  nntil 
1859,  when  the  institution  became  extinct. ^-From  1850  to  1859  lectures 
were  delivered  during  the  summer  only,  the  winter  sessions  being  inter- 
mitted to  establish  the  Kentucky  School  of  Medicine,  at  Louisville. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  1 7. 

Medical  Dipartment  of  the  University  of  Louisville. 
Louisville,  Ky.     (Pop.  123,758.) 

Organized  in  1817.  No  lectures  were  delivered  from  June,  1862, 
to  June,  1868,  and  no  class  graduated  in  1863,  because  of  the  rebell- 
ion.— The  facility  embraces  eight  i)rofessor8,  two  lecturers  and  five 
demonstrators. 

CouBHE  OF  Inbtbuotion:  One  regular  course  "f  twenty -three  weeks'  duration, 
one  spring  course  of  twelve  weeks'  duration,  and  one  post-graduate  (practitioners') 
course  of  six  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Clinics  given  at  dispensary  and  hospitals. 
Frequent  quizzes  are  condncted  by  the  faculty. — Lectures  embrace  anatomy, 
ophthalmology,  otology,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  and  clinical  medicine, 
physiology,  diseases  of  the  chest,  state  medicine  and  sanitary  science,  pathology, 
nervous  diseases,  surgery— clinical  and  operative,  surgical  pathology,  obstetrics, 
gynecology,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  chemistry. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  complete  courses 
of  lectures;  (5)  one  course  of  practical  anatomy;  (6)  one  course  of  clinical  instnic- 
tion;  (7)  examination  on  all  the  branches  taught  in  the  college. 

Fees:      Matriculation,   $5:   lectures.    it75;  demonstrator,   flO;   hospital.   f5; 
graduation,  i(i30. 
8 


114 


MEDIOAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Students:     Number  of  mntrionlatew  and  of  RrnduateR  at  each  seHrtiou  reported, 
and  percentnKei*  of  ^raduateR  to  matrioulates — 


Session. 
1877  78 
1878-79 

1879  80 

1880  81 
1881-82 
1882  83 


Matriculates. 
200 
210 
244 
213 
181 
194 


Graduates. 
69 
84 
95 
100 
96 
68 


Percent. 
84+ 
40 
884- 
47+ 
63+ 
86+ 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 

forty-one. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  last  session,  3. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  94. 

Remarks:     The  course  has  been  lengthened  three  weeks  since  the 

last  session. 

•  Kentucky  School  or  Medicine. 

Louisville,  Ky. 
Organized  in  1850.     The  lirst  class  graduated  in  1851.     Classes 
have  gi-aduated  each  subsequent  year.— The  faculty  embraces  nine  pro- 
fessors, one  lecturer  and  one  demonstrator. 

CouBHB  OF  Instbuotion:  One  course  of  lectures  commencing  February  11, 
1884,  after  the  close  of  lectures  in  the  winter  schools,  and  ending  June  21;  exami- 
nations beginning  June  23.  Quizzes  are  held  each  day  by  the  members  of  the 
faculty.  Clinics  at  hospital  and  college.  Three  years'  graded  course  recommended, 
but  not  required.— Lectures  embrace  anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  materia 
medica,  Kurgical  pathology,  microscopy,  therapeutics,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women, 
surgery,  clinical  surgery,  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  nervous  diseases, 
ophthalmology,  otology,  laryngology,  venereal  diseases,  and  minor  surgery. 

Kequibements:  For  admission  —  "Applicants  for  matriculation  must  give 
evidence  that  they  possess  a  good  English  education."— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty- 
one  yearri  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  o.  ectures:  the 
interval  between  the  beginning  of  the  first  and  the  close  of  the  second  course  must 
be  at  least  fifteen  months;  (4)  "dissection  of  the  several  regions  of  the  body;"  (5) 
one  course  of  hospital  clinics;  (6)  examination  on  all  branches  taught  in  the 
college.  "  If,  after  examination  for  the  degree,  he  be  found  to  have  received  three 
negative  votes,  he  shall  be  entitled  to  another  examination.  Should  he  decline 
this,  he  may  withdraw,  and  will  not  be  considered  as  rejected.  The  degree  will  not 
be  conferred  upon  any  candidate  who  is  often  absent  from  the  regular  lectures  of 
the  college,  or  who  absents  himself  from  the  public  commencement  without  special 
permission  of  the  faculty." 

Fbes:     Matriculation,   *6;    demonstrator,   $10;    hospital,  $5;   lectures,  |75; 
graduation,  $30. 

Students:   Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculates  Graduates.  Percent. 

1879  186  .  *#       ,  31+ 

1880  to?   ,  W  *0+ 
'    1882          188   *           W  41+ 

1883  188  «  32+ 


KENTUCKY. 


115 


rtion  reported, 

Percent. 

34+ 

40 

38+ 

47+ 

63+ 

85+ 
lUflt  8ix  years, 


ks  since  the 


31.     Classes 
ces  nine  pro- 

February  11, 
me  21;  exami- 
embers  of  the 
recommended, 
liatry,  materia 
HHeRof  women, 
rvous  diHeaaes, 
lurgery. 
ion  mast  give 
>n:  (1)  twenty- 
j.  -ectures:  the 
nd  course  must 
the  body;"  (5) 

taught  iu  the 
3  received  three 
)uld  ho  decline 
degree  will  not 
ular  lectures  of 
without  special 

lectures,   $75; 

Bssion  reported, 

Percent. 


81+ 
4(H- 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  four  years,  thirty-nix. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  10. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  47. 

Remarks:  Although  no  mention  is  made  of  the  subjects  in  the 
announcements  of  this  school,  the  dean  writes,  October  11,  1883,  that 
hygiene  and  medical  jurisj)rudence  are  taught;  and  adds,  "We  require 
pupils  to  take  the  hospital  instruction  each  year  of  attendance  at  college." 

Louisville  '  "edical  Colleoe. 
Louisville,  Ky. 
Organized  in  1869.     The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1870.  Classes 
have   been   graduated  each   subsequent  year —The  faculty  embraces 
eight  professors  and  three  demonstrators. 

OouBSB  OF  Instruction  :  One  preliminary  course  of  four  weeks'  duration,  and 
ft  regular  session  of  twenty-one  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Daily  quizzes  held  by 
members  of  the  faculty.  "  The  plan  of  instruction  includes  lectures,  clinics,  quizzes, 
and  practical  demonstrations." — Lectures  embrace  theory  and  practice  of  medicine, 
anatomy,  materia  medica,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  chemistry,  physiology,  histology, 
surgery,  therapeutics,  diseases  of  children. 

Requibementb:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty -one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of 
lectures  (not  in  the  same  twelvemonth);  (6)  one  course  of  dissection;  (6)  one 
course  of  hospital  clinics;  (7)  satisfactory  examination. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $5;  demonstrator,  |10;  lectures,  $75;  hospital,  $5;  grad- 
uation, $30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates  - 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates. 

1877-88  14!)  70 

1878-79  136  61 

1879-80  129  56 

1880-81  116  54 

1881-82  ■       125  54 

1882-83  157  51 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
forty -three. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  past  year,  1, 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  60. 

Hospital  College  of  Medicine. — {Medical   Department,  Central 

University.) 

Louisville,  Ky. 

Organized  in  1873.  The  first  class  was  gi-aduated  in  1875. 
Classes  have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty 
embraces  eight  professors  and  a  demonstrator. 

Course  of  Instruction  :  One  preliminary  course  of  three  weeks'  duration, 
one  regular  (graduating)  course,  and  one  practitioners'  course  are  given  annually. 


Percent. 
46+ 
44+ 
4.3+ 
47+ 
43+ 
32+ 


110 


MEDICAL  'J^W8  AND  INBTITUTIONH. 


The  next  remiliir  ((riidimtiiiK  ci.nrHe  beKiiH  Jiinnury  10,  1884,  niicl  end«  Jnne  3.  1884, 
Daily  qnizzes  nre  ooiiducted  Ity  the  fiiculty.  Clinics  iire  given  ut  hoHpitHltt  find 
diBpenr'^ry, — Leotari  s  embrnoe  obHtetricn,  gynecology,  [ihyHiology,  hygiene,  nientnl 
diseRHen,  Hurgery,  princii)leM  iind  practice  of,  and  clinical  medicine,  dencriptive, 
uomparative  and  Htirgiciil  Hiialomy,  materia  medicu,  therapeutics,  diHeaneH  of  rtiil- 
dren,  ophthulmology,  otology,  microHcopy,  practical  chemistry,  practical  physiology, 
minor  snrgery. 

KRitDiUBMENTH:  For  admission:  "Applicants  for  admisgion  to  lectures  must 
be  of  good  moral  standing,  and  have  a  good  English  education." — For  gradnatitm: 
(I)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (8)  three  years'  study;  (4) 
two  complete  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  praotionl  anatomy  for  one  session;  (6)  clin- 
ical instruction  at  hospital  during  one  session;  (7)  examination  on  all  branches 
taught  in  the  college. 

Fkbh:  Matriculation,  !|5;  lectures.  i|(7B;  demonstrator,  )|110;  hospital.  $6; 
practical  chemistry,  ;|6;  graduation,  i|30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates 

(iraduates. 

Feroeut. 

1877-78 

64 

19 

29-f 

1878-79 

87 

M 

27+ 

1879-80 

W 

88 

40 

1880-81 

TT 

81 

40+ 

1881-82 

If 

88 

40 

1882-88 

n 

80 

88k4 

Average  i)ercentttge  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
Ihirty-seteii, 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  2. 
Nnmber  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  12. 

Jefferson  School  of  Medicine. 

Louisville,  Ky. 

Organized  in  1882.     This  school  graduated  one  class  (in  1882),  and 
then  suspended  operations. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  1, 


LOUISIANA. 

Population,  939,946.     Number  of  physicians,  1,033.      Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  009. 

An  Acr  Relative  to  the  Practice  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Louisiana : 
Section  1.  That  no  person  shall  be  allowed  to  practice  medicine  or  snrgery, 
as  a  means  of  livelihood,  in  any  of  its  departments,  without  first  making  affidavit 
before  a  duly  qualified  judge  or  justice  of  the  peace,  or  clerk  of  the  district  court, 
or  notary  public,  in  the  parish  wherein  he  resides,  of  his  having  received  the  degree 
of  doctor  of  medicine  from  a  regularly  incx)rporated  medical  institution  of  respect- 
able standing  in  America  or  Europe,  and  designating  its  name  and  locality,  and 


I,(H;IHIANA. 


117 


June  3.  1884. 
tioxpitiilH  lind 
^{iene,  iiifiitiil 
■,  d*Hori|itiv«<, 
leiiHCM  of  chil- 
ikl  phywDlony. 

leotnres  inu»t 
)r  grnduation: 
iirs'  study;  (4) 
.sion;  (6)  flin- 
1  nil  brunches 

hoK)>ital.   IB; 

nsion  reported, 

Percent. 
20-h 
27+ 
40 

40+ 

48 
39.4 

paBt  ni  years, 


in  1882),  and 


Number  of 


,na: 

icine  or  surgery, 
ninking  affidavit 
he  district  court, 
ceived  the  degree 
iution  of  reBpect- 
and  locality,  and 


the  date  of  liii«  diploma,  nuoh  decree  (o  lie  iiiaiiifi'Htetl  hy  ii  diploma  iHdUfd  liy  xwh 
inxtitutiou,  and  itn  rexpectalile  Htaiidin^  t<i  lie  evidenced  l>y  the  endotHemenl  or 
certificate  of  the  State  Hoard  of  Health  written  on  the  face  of  .''aid  di|iloma  and 
nixned  l>y  the  necretary ;  Huid  attldavit  nhall  alno  contain  tlie  full  name  of  the  person 
making  the  nanit*,  the  dale  and  place  of  his  liirtli,  and  the  names  and  places  where 
he  may  have  previously  practiced  medicine  or  surjjery;  and  for  every  diploma 
certified  or  vineil  by  the  said  Hoard  of  Health,  a  fee  of  tlfty  centu  shall  be  paid  by 
the  applicant,  and  a  record  of  diplomas  certified  shall  be  presefed  by  said  State 
Board  of  Health,  and  the  copies  thereof,  certified  by  the  secretary,  shall  be  received 
in  evidcnice  by  the  courts  of  this  State:  Pn.vMeti,  that  the  said  State  Board  of 
Health  shall  be  re<|uired  to  certify  the  diploma  of  any  medical  institution  of  credit 
and  reHjieotaliility,  without  regard  to  its  systen>  of  therapeutics,  and  whether  the 
same  be  regular,  homieopathic  or  eclectic. 

S  2.  That  the  attldavit  reijuirod  in  the  first  section  of  tlii:*  act  shall  be  recorded 
in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  district  court  of  the  parish,  wli.:  shall  make  such 
record  iu  h  book  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose  only,  and  also  certify  such  recorda- 
tion by  an  endorsement  on  the  original  alfldavit,  which  the  afHaut  shall  transmit  to 
the  State  Board  of  Health;  the  oflicer  before  whom  the  atlUlavit  is  made,  unless  he 
be  a  judge,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  fee  of  fifty  cents;  and  the  oflicer  recording  the 
same,  to  a  fee  of  one  dollar;  the  clerk  of  the  court  shall  charge  no  fee  for  the  pres- 
ervation of  the  original  afWdavits,  but  a  copy  thereof,  duly  certified  by  the  clerk  of 
the  court,  shall  be  admissible  in  evidence,  and  a  fee  of  fifty  cents  shall  be  paid  for 
said  copy. 

§  3.  That  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  apply  to  female  practitioners  of 
midwifery  as  such,  nor  to  persons  who  have  been  practicing  medicine  or  surgery 
in  this  State  without  diplomas  for  the  period  of  live  years  prior  to  the  jiassage  of 
this  act,  nor  to  persons  who  have  been  practicing  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State 
with  diplomas  emanating  from  a  reguhirly  incorporated  medical  institution  of 
reputable  standing  in  America  or  in  Europe,  for  ten  years  prior  to  the  passage  of 
this  act:  I'rovhletJ,  that  such  practitioners  of  medicine  or  surgery  shall  make  an 
aflidavit  before  any  judge,  justice  of  the  peace,  notary  public  or  clerk  of  court  of 
the  parish  wherein  he  resides,  setting  forth  the  following  facts:  The  full  name  of 
the  person  making  the  nfiPdavit,  the  date  and  i)lace  of  iiis  birth,  the  date  of  his 
diploma,  if  he  have  any.  and  the  name  and  locality  of  the  institution  by  which  it 
was  made,  the  date  and  place  where  he  began  the  [iractice  <> '  medicine  in  Louisiana, 
and  the  names  of  the  places  where  he  may  have  previously  practiced  medicine  or 
surgery;  such  aiUdavit  shall  be  tre-  uiitted  or  delivered  to  the  State  Board  of 
Health,  and  shall  entitle  the  affiant  to  be  jilaced  on  the  list  of  registered  physicians 
or  surgeons,  the  publication  of  which  is  hereinafter  provided  for,  and  the  oflBcer 
before  whom  such  affidavit  is  made  shall  be  entitled  to  a  fee  of  fifty  cents;  and  the 
said  State  Board  of  Health  shall  jireserve  said  affidavits,  and  a  copy  thereof, 
.  Tfned  by  the  secretary,  shall  be  received  as  evidence  in  the  courts  of  this  State,  and 
for  such  copy  a  fee  of  fifty  cents  shall  be  ])aid.  And  any  person  who  shall,  in  the 
affidavit  required  by  this  section,  willfully  make  any  false  statement,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  the  crime  of  perjury,  and  punished  in  the  manner  ]>rovided  by  existing 
laws  for  the  punishment  of  the  crime  of  perjury. 

«5  4.  That  a  copy  of  the  affidavit  recorded  by  the  clerk  of  the  district  court, 
certified  by  him,  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  that  the  person  making  the  affidavit 
is  a  duly  registered  physician  or  surgeon,  and  a  certified  copy  of  the  original 
affidavit  filed  with  the  State  Board  of  Health,  or  a  certificate  emanating  from  said 


118 


MEDICAL  LAWa  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Btnto  Hunrd  of  Hciilth,  thnt  the  niiitie  of  the  pernon  mentioned  in  the  certiflcnte  \n 
on  the  liHt  of  renii.tered  i)iiyHicinn«  imd  durKPonn,  nhnll  lie  conclunive  evidence  ot 
the  fiiot. 

%  5.  1'hiit  it  Hhall  l>e  the  duty  of  the  Htate  Roiird  of  Health  to  publish  nunn- 
nlly,  in  he  oWciiil  jduniiil  of  the  Htiite,  imd  if  tliere  l)e  no  hhcIi  Journal,  in  one  of 
the  daily  iiewHiiaperx  puliliHhed  in  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  a  lixt  of  all  re){tHtered 
phyHiciauH  and  HurKeoim  in  the  Htate,  and  their  plaoux  of  reHidence,  and  ouch 
publiHhed  \Ut  nhall  he  received  in  evidence  l>y  the  conrtn  of  thin  Htnte  ax  proof  that 
the  phyHiciauH  and  nurneonw  therein  named  are  duly  re({i»tercd,  hm  re(|uired  by  law; 
and  the  Raid  Htate  Hoard  of  Health  in  hereby  required  to  xtrike  from  Haid  lint  the 
namen  of  such  persons  who  may  have  b«en  convicted vf  any  infamous  crimes  by 
any  court  of  this  Htate  or  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  Htate  oi  t''"  United  Htates, 
whether  such  conviction  occur  prior  or  posterior  to  .x^iHtration;  and  it  i-<  also 
empowi'rcd  to  strike  from  said  list  the  names  of  persons  who  may  die  after  rej^is- 
tration.  If  any  person  is  improperly  stricken  from  said  list,  he  may  be  restored 
by  writ  of  »ia>i({«»it(J«,  issued  by  the  judicial  tribunals  of  the  State,  sitting  in 
chambers,  competent  to  investigate  such  cases. 

§  t!.  That  any  practitioner  of  medicine  or  surgery,  failiu^  to  comply  with  the 
requirements  of  this  act,  shall  not  be  exempt  from  jury  or  •  ilitia  duty,  nor  be 
permitted  to  collect  any  fees  or  charges  for  services  rendered,  nor  \>f  allowed  to 
testify  as  a  medical  or  sur^'ical  expert  in  legal  or  Htate  medicine  in  any  court  of 
this  Htate,  nor  to  execute  any  certificate  as  a  surgeon  or  physician,  no;  to  lioUl  any 
medical  oHlce,  nor  to  be  recognized  by  the  Htate  or  any  parish  or  municipal  corpo- 
ration as  a  physician  or  :-.urgeon;  uor  shall  he  be  entitled  to  enjoy  any  of  the 
privileges,  rights  or  exemptions  granted  to  ythysiciaus  or  surgeons  by  the  laws  of 
this  Htate;  and  moreover,  he  shall  forfeit  and  be  liable  to  a  penalty  of  <me  hundred 
dollars  for  each  and  every  violation  of  this  act,  and  for  each  and  every  time  he  so 
.  violates  it,  said  sum  or  sums  tj  be  recovered  in  a  civil  action  Ui  be  brought  before 
any  court  of  competent  jurisdiction,  in  the  name  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  Charity 
Hospital  at  New  Orleans;  and  he  shall,  in  addition  thereto,  be  subject  to  criminal 
prosecution  and  be  punished  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  law  for  violations  of 
this  act. 

t?  7.  That  this  act  shall  not  apply  to  practitioners  of  medicine  or  surgery 
residing  and  practicing  in  other  States,  who  may  be  summoned  in  sjtecial  instances 
to  attend  patients  in  the  Htate  of  Louisiana  by  any  registered  physician. 

S  H.    That  this  act  shall  take  effect  on  and  after  the  first  day  of  January,  1883. 

Approved  June  26,  1882. 

S.  S.  Herrick,  M.D.,  secrptary  of  the  Louisiana  State  Board  of 
Health,  in  his  preface  to  the  Kegiater  of  Physicians,  says  : 

"Shortly  after  undertaking  the  registration  of  physicians,  it  became 
evident  that  a  very  grave  responsibility  was  involved  in  this  woi'k, 
especially  in  deciding  what  medical  institutions  should  be  regarded  as 
being  of  'respectable  standing,' within  the  proper  meaning  of  the  law. 

"  Experience  soon  taught  us  the  utility  of  a  specific  regulation,  to 
supplement  the  classification  furnished  by  the  Illinois  State  Board  of 
Health;  for  diplomas  were  found,  in  two  instances,  emanating  from 
schools  rated  as  respectable,  which  were  granted  after  attendance  upon 
only  one  course  of  lectures,  some  years  of  practice  without  a  diploma 


n  the  ctTtiflcnte  is 
flui«ive  evidence  ot 

h  to  publirih  nnna- 

juurnnl,  in  oiif  of 

it  of  111!  rt'«iMtered 

'Ridence.  nnd   duch 

Htiit«(  iiH  proof  thiit 

iH  recjuired  hy  liiw; 

from  Raid  lint  the 

iifiunouH  criiiu'K  i)y 

t'"'  United  HtiiteH, 

on;  iukI   it  i"   hIho 

my  die  after  re^ii*- 

le  iniiy  be  rentored 

le  StHte,  Hitting  in 

to  comply  witii  the 
ilitiii  duty,  nor  be 
,  nor  Xf  ulUiwt'd  to 
ine  in  imy  eoiirt  of 
nn,  no;  to  liold  imy 
ir  municipal  corpo- 

0  enjoy  any  of  the 
Bons  by  the  laws  of 
ilty  of  one  hundred 
id  every  time  he  «o 
)  be  brought  before 
inefit  of  the  Charity 
subject  to  criminal 
iw  for  violations*  of 

ledicine  or  surgery 
in  special  instances 
physician. 
*y  of  January,  1883. 

1  State  Board  of 
ays  : 

jicians,  it  became 
ed  in  this  woi-k, 
Id  be  regarded  as 
?aning  of  the  law. 
ific  regulation,  to 
8  State  Board  of 
,  emanating  from 
r  attendance  upon 
ithout  a  diploma 


IjOUIHIANA. 


IIU 


having  been  accepted  hh  equivalent  to  a  courm>  of  l»tcttin>H.  Thin 
cnstom  was  common  enongh  even  among  reHpectablo  colleges,  np  to  a 
recent  period,  but  has  been  diHavowod  by  all  r(*putal)le  institutions,  and 
thif  Board  has  <loterniiti(Hl  to  give  it  lu)  coniitenance. 

"Holders  of  <liplomas  from  every  schw^l  known  to  have  conferred  a 
degree  after  only  one  course  of  lectures  are  re<piired  to  incorporate  in 
their  affidavits  the  declaration  that  they  have  attended  not  less  than 
two  full  courses  and  passed  a  final  examinatit)n. 

"Experience  has  disclosed  Heveral  defects  [in  th(»  law),  some  of  them 
of  a  serious  nature,  which  are  here  noted: 

1.  The  law  provides  for  no  examination  of  candidates  for  registration.  A 
number  of  meritorious  men  are  consequently  obliged  to  be  classed  with  those  who 
can  make  no  just  claim  to  medical  knowledge,  but  who  are  privileged  to  register 
as  practitioners  of  more  than  Ave  years'  standing.  Some  of  these  gentlemen  have 
failed  to  obtain  diplom,.s,  after  pursuing  their  medical  studies  nearly  or  <iuite  the 
prescribed  {)eriod,  and  could,  if  allowed  opportunity  and  time  for  preparation, 
pass  a  creditable  eramination.  This  would  give  them  a  footing  at  once  resj.ect- 
able  and  satisfactory  to  themselves;  whereas,  now,  several  individuals  who  rank 
well  in  their  own  communities,  both  socially  and  as  medical  practitioners,  feel 
wronged  and  humiliated  by  the  operation  of  this  act. 

a.  The  act  does  not  recognize  the  degree  of  M.B.,  nor  the  <iualiflcatioun 
granted  by  the  Royal  Colleges  of  Physicians  and  of  Surgeons,  and  the  Society  of 
Apothecaries,  in  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  It  is  presumed 
that  it  was  not  the  imen'ion  of  our  General  Assembly  to  debar  them  from  the 
privilege  of  a  respectable  registration  in  this  State.  Accordingly  the  law  has 
received  an  interpretation  in  their  favor;  ond  a  similar  construction  has  been  put 
upon  it  with  reference  to  those  who  have  .toeived  secondary  diplomas  in  France 
which  entitle  their  holders  to  practice  as  Offlciers  Uc  saute.  It  is  hoped  that  the 
legislatury  may  give  express  sanction  to  this  liberal  construction  by  suitable 
amendment  to  the  act. 

3.  The  law  specifies  no  mode  of  registration  for  those  whose  diplomas  are 
disapproved,  and  a  possible  construction  would  be  to  deny  them  registration  alto- 
gether. Applicants  for  registration  are  required  to  make  affidavits  either  as 
holders  of  approved  diplomas,  or  as  practitioners  of  more  than  five  years  prior  to 
the  passage  of  the  act,  without  diplomas.  Those  having  disapproved  diplomas 
strictly  do  not  belong  to  either  class;  but  it  has  been  presumed  that  the  legislature 
did  not  intend  to  out  them  off  altogether,  and  accordingly  they  are  allowed  to 
register  as  those  having  no  diplomas.  This  defect  might  be  remedied  by  admit- 
ting them  to  an  examination,  or  granting  them  the  same  privileges  as  those  with- 
out diplomas, 

4,  No  provision  is  made  in  the  law  for  loss  or  destruction  of  a  diploma.  An 
examination,  if  authorized  by  law,  would  place  an  individual  of  this  class  on  an 
equitable  footing. 

6.  The  term  "  practitioner  of  medicine  and  surgery,"  is  not  defined  in  the 
act,  and  this  omission  has  been  found  a  serious  obstacle  to  successful  prosecution 
of  those  who  have  failed  or  neglected  to  register.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  evident 
that  fictitious  claims  to  registration  might  be  set  up  by  those  pretending  to  have 
practiced  for   periods  of  years,  so  as  to  claim  the  privileges  of  section  3. 


■yg.¥HW!jw!^iw»WJi»iigjMit&iUMJiM:«to^ 


120 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


"The  difficulty  of  framing  a  law  so  perfect  as  to  satisfy  all  concerned 
has  already  been  hinted  at.  In  fact,  complaints  are  freely  made  of  this 
Rct,  and,  singularly,  made  for  the  most  part  by  those  who  might  be 
supposed  to  derive  the  greatest  benefit  from  its  strict  enforcement. 
Indeed,  there  is  good  reason  to  believe  that  many  are  neglecting  to 
register  simply  from  captiousness.  Some  practitioners  of  less  than  ten 
yeai-s'  standing  think  it  a  discrimination  against  themselv.^s,  because 
they  are  put  to  more  trouble  and  expense  to  register  than  men  without 
diplomas  who  practiced  more  than  five  years  in  the  State  prior  to  the 
passage  of  the  act.  They  do  not  stop  to  consider  that  all  those  having 
approved  diplomas,  no  matter  how  recent,  can  register,  while  thoee  who 
practiced  in  Louisiana  less  tlian  the  five  years  prior  to  the  passage  of 
the  act  cannot  register  at  all,  luiless  they  obtain  diplomas. 

"  Another  complaint  is,  that  a  wide  door  to  registration  is  left  open 
to  many  ignorant  men  who  claim  it  under  the  five-year  clause;  and 
fault  is  found  with  the  law  because  it  is  not  immediately  operative  in 
ridding  the  State  of  unqualified  practitioners.  It  should  be  remem- 
bered that  great  and  useful  reforms  cannot  be  created  full-grown  and 
mature,  but  must  have  a  beginning  and  a  gi-adual  gi'owth  from  mod- 
erate proportions.  In  a  few  years,  with  faithful  execution  of  this  law, 
amended  of  its  defects,  our  State  will  be  practically  rid  of  unqualified 
practitioners  of  medicine,  by  the  dying  out  of  those  who  have  registered 
under  section  3,  without  diplomas.  Finally,  it  should  not  be  forgotten 
that  the  real  object  of  the  law  is  the  pi'otection  of  tite  public  front 
unqualified  practitioners  of  medicine,  rather  than  the  creation  of  a 
privileged  class  of  individuals.  Physicians  have  no  moral  nor  legal 
right  to  claim  the  latter,  though  it  may  incidentally  follow;  while  it  is 
certainly  their  duty,  as  law-abiding  citizens,  to  put  themselves  to  the 
slight  trouble  and  t::pense  required  to  carrj-  out  effectually  the  provi- 
sions of  the  law.  State  and  city  license  taxes  have  ')een  required  by 
law  here  for  many  years." 


Medioal  Department  of  xm    Universitv  of  Louisiana. 
New  Orleans,  La.     (Pon.  215,060.) 

Organized  in  IS.Sl,  as  thj  Medical  College  of  Louisiana.  Trans- 
ferred to  its  present  connection  in  1847.  The  war  caused  suspension 
during  the  years  1863,  '64  and  '65;  reorganized  in  1865.— The  faculty 
embraces  seven  professors  and  a  demonstrator.' 

CouBSE  OP  Insttjuotion :  One  annual  course  of  twenty-two  weeks'  duration; 
three  years'  graded  course  recommended  but  not  required;  daily  rounds  of 
hospitals  made  by  students  with  professors  and  chiefs  of  clinics,— Lectures 
embrace  general  and  clinical  surgery,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  and  clinical 


LOUISIANA— MAINE, 


121 


all  coucerned 
r  made  of  thiw 
vho  might  be 

enforcement, 
neglecting  to 
'■  lesa  than  ten 
eh-^s,  because 

I  men  without 
te  prior  to  the 

II  those  having 
hile  those  who 
the  passage  of 

3, 

on  is  left  open 
ar  clause;  and 
ly  operative  in 
Ud  be  remem- 
fuU-grown  and 
wth  from  mod- 
on  of  this  law, 
of  unqualified 
have  registered 
ot  be  forgotten 
le  public  from 
creation  of  a 
loral  nor  legal 
low;  while  it  is 
(mselves  to  the 
tally  the  provi- 
len  required  by 


)DISIANA. 

lisiana.  Trans- 
ised  suspension 
5.— The  faculty 

3  weeks'  duration; 
daily  rounds  of 
clinics.— Lectures 

dicine,  and  clinical 


medicine,  pl^ysiology,  pathological  anatomy,  chemistry,  anatomy,  obstetrics,  die- 
eases  of  women  and  children,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  hygiene. 

Requibbmemth:  For  admission,  none.  For  graduation:  (1)  good  moral 
character;  (2)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (3)  threo  years'  study;  (4)  two  complete 
courses  of  lectures;  (5)  two  complete  courses  of  dissection;  (6)  thesis;  (7)  pass 
satisfactory  examination. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  ^5;  lectures,  $140;  demonstrator,  $10;  graduation,  $80. 
Students:    Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Per  cent. 

1880-81  *204  41  20 

1881-82  *220  ■  t5d  '  25.4 

1882-83  *212  73  34.4 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  three  years, 
twenty-six. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  1. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  3. 

New  Orleans  School  of  Medicine. 
New  Orleans,  La. 
Organized  in  1856.     Extinct  since  April,  1870.     Number  of  gradu- 
ates in  Illinois,  3. 

Charity  Hospital   Medical  College. 
New  Orleans,  La. 
Organized  in  1873.     Extinct  since  1877.     Number  of  graduates  in 
Illinois,  2.  • 

Medical  Department  New  Orleans  University. 

Medical  Department  Straight  University. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

Both  are  for  colored  students,  and  open  to  males  and  females.     I 

do  not  know  tliat  any  medical  diplomas  have  actually  been  issued  from 

either.     If  so,  we  could  not  recognize  them  here,  for  they  certainly 

have  not  given  such  courses  of  instruction  as  to  qualify  men  or  women 

to   practice   medicine.      [Official    letter,   Louisiana   State   Board   of 

Health.]  , 


MAfNE.  ■  '^ 

Population,   848,936.     Number  of.  physicians,   969.     Number  of 

inhabitants  to  each  physician,  670. 

An  effort  was  made  at  the  last  session  of  the  legislature  to  pass  a 


*  iDoladea  phanuaoy  stadente. 
t  iDcIudAs  pharmacy  graduates. 


liSM 


122 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


bill,  of  which  the  following  were  the  provisions:  Graduates  of  institu- 
tions legally  qualified  to  confer  medical  degrees  and  all  who  had  prac- 
ticed without  a  diploma  for  thirteen  or  more  years  continuously,  should 
be  allowed  to  register.  All  persons  practicing  medicine  without  having 
been  registered  should  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on 
conviction  thereof  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  from  one  to  five  handred 
dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  of  from  three  to  twelve  months,  or  both. 

Medical  School  or  Maine,  at  Bowdoin  College. 
Brunswick,  Me.     (Pop.  5,384.) 
Organized  in  1820.     The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1820.  Classes 
ave  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — Faculty  embraces  eight 
professors  and  two  demonstrators. 

OouBSE  OF  Inbtbuotion:  One  annual  course  of  lectures  of  sixteen  weeks' 
duration,  commencing  in  February.  Clinics  are  given  once  a  week.  Daily  exami- 
nations are  made  by  the  faculty. — Lectures  embrace  pathology,  practice  of  medicine, 
obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and  children,  medical  jurisprudence,  anatomy, 
chemistry,  physiology,  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  materia  medica,  therapeutics. 

Requibrmemth:     For  admission,   (a)  diploma  from  college,  high    school   or 
normal  school;  (b)  tickets  showing  passage  of  entrance  examination  to  any  recog- 
nized college;  or  (c)  examination  necessary  to  prove  good   English  education, — 
For  graduation,  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two 
full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  satisfactory  written  and  oral  examination  on  subjects 
lectures;  (5)  thesis;  (6)  dissection  of  two  "  parts."   " 
Fees:     Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  $78;  graduation,  |26;  laboratory,  $10. 
Stddents:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent. 

1878 

94 

25 

26.6 

1879 

99 

31 

31.3 

1880 

105 

22 

21— 

1881 

115 

30 

26+ 

1882 

104 

28 

27— 

1883 

94 

28 

29.7 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
twenty-six. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  11. 

Portland  School  for  Medical  Instruction. 
Portland,  Me.     (Pop.  33,810.) 

Organized  in  1855. — The  faculty  embraces  ten  professors  and  one 
demonstrator.     Two  terms  of  sixteen  weeks  each,  annually. 

"  The  aim  of  the  school  is  to  afford  to  medical  students  greater 
facilities  for  obtaining  a  higher  grade  of  professional  education  than 
can  usually  be  given  under  the  direction  of  a  single  preceptor." 


MAINE. 


i2;j 


Btes  of  institu- 
who  had  prac- 
luously,  should 
without  having 
eanor,  and  on 
3  five  hundred 
ths.  or  both. 

SGE. 

I  1820.  Classes 
embraces  eight 

of  sixteen  weeks' 
ek.  Daily  exami- 
ictice  of  medicine, 
ideuce,  anatomy, 
therapeutics. 
i,  high  school  or 
tiou  to  any  recog- 
jlish  education. — 
character;  (3)  two 
lation  on  subjects 

boratory,  f  10. 

h  session  reported, 

Percent. 
26.6 
31.3 
21— 
26+ 
27— 
29.7 
he  past  six  years, 


3N. 

ifessors  and  one 
lally. 

students  greater 
education  than 
receptor." 


The  course  comprises  systematic  daily  recitations,  familiar  lectures 
and  demonstrations,  clinical  instruction  and  practical  anatomy. 
No  diplomas  are  conferred. 
Tuition,  $00. 

Eclectic  Medical  College  of  Maine. 
Lewiston,  Me.     (Pop.  19,088.) 

Organized  in  1881.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1882. — The 
faculty  embraces  five  professors,  three  lecturers,  one  instructor  and  one 
demonstrator. 

CouBBB  OF  Instbuotion:  One  regular  course  of  twenty  weeks'  duration, 
annually.  "  Medical,  surgical  and  dental  clinics  are  held  two  or  three  times  each 
week."  Examiuatious  are  made  daily  and  weekly. — Lectures  embrace  obstetrics, 
gynecology,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  general  and  descriptive  anntoray, 
physiology,  chemistry,  materia  medioa,  therapeutics,  theory  and  practice  of  medi- 
cine, microscopy,  operative  dentistry,  medical  jurisprudence,  and  urinology. 

Requirements:  For  admission:  "Must  give  evidence  of  possessing  a  good 
moral  character,  and  of  having  had  the  advantages  of  at  least  a  good  common 
school  education.  A  knowledge  of  the  rudiments  o*  the  Latin  language  is  also 
very  desirable.  The  certificates  of  the  medical  preceptor  will  be  taken  as  evidence 
of  the  above  qualifications."  For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2) 
good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  three  years'  study;  (5) 
thesis;  (6)  satisfactory  examination  in  the  seven  principal  branches. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  |6;  lectures,  $75;  demonstrator,  |10;  graduation,  !j;25. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  •  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1881-82  23  8  13 

1882-83  18  *t  87    ' 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  years, 
twenty-five. 

The  Penobscot  Valley  Gorsedh  of  Bards  and  State  of  Maine  Branch 
OF  the  Druidic  University  of  America. 

Lewiston,  Me.  ^ 

Organized  in  1880. 

"  The  purpose  of  the  Draidic  University  is  to  promote  literature, 
science,  art,  medicine,  philosophy  and  other  branches  of  knowledge 
and  industry.  We  have  teachers  in  all  departments,  under  the  direction 
of  the  chair  board.  A  charter  was  granted  by  the  legislature  in  1880, 
and  the, institution  was  founded  in  the  State  of  Maine.  We  graduate 
students  according  to  the  seven  years'  curriculum  of  the  bards.  No 
charge  for  diplomas.  Terms  for  one  year,  sixty  dollars;  for  one  term 
of  three  mouths,  twenty  five  dollars." 


124 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  IN8TITUTTONS. 


MARYLAND.  ' 

Population,  934,943.  Number  of  physicians,  2,S45.  Nntnlwr  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  329. 

Geo.  H.  Rohe,  M.D.,  writes: 

"  The  following  facts  concerning  the  regulation  of  medical  practice 
in  the  State  of  Maiyland  are  furnished  in  obedience  to  yom*  request. 

"In  the  beginning  of  the  present  century,  the  medical  and  chirurgi- 
eal  faculty  of  Maryland,  by  act  of  the  general  ass"  -ibly  (passed  Januaiy 
29,  1799),  was  incorporated,  and  authorized  to  elect  by  ballot  a  board 
of  •  twelve  persons  of  the  greatest  medical  and  cliirm'gical  abilities  in 
the  State,  who  shall  be  stvled  the  Medical  Board  of  Examiners  for  the 
State  of  Maryland.'  The  duty  of  this  board  was  '  to  grant  licenses  to 
such  medical  and  chirurgical  gentlemen  as  they,  either  upon  a  full 
examination,  or  uj)on  the  production  of  diplomas  from  some  respectable 
college,  may  judge  adequate  to  commence  the  practice  of  the  medical 
and  chirurgical  arts,  each  person  so  obtaining  a  certificate  to  pay  a 
sum  not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  to  l)e  fixed  on  or  ascertained  by  the 
faculty.'  ,    ' 

"  Section  five  of  this  act  provided  *  That  after  the  appointment  of  the 
aforesaid  medical  board,  no  person,  not  already  a  practitioner  of  medi 
cine  or  surgery,  shall  be  allowed  to  practice  in  either  of  the  said 
branches,  and  receive  payment  for  his  services,  without  having  first 
obtained  a  license  certified  as  by  this  law  directed,  under  the  penalty 
of  fifty  dollars  for  each  offence,  to  be  recovered  m  the  county  court 
of  the  county  where  he  may  reside,  by  bill  of  presentment  and  indict- 
ment, one  half  for  the  use  of  the  faculty  and  the  other  for  that  of  the 
informer.' 

"  This  fifth  section  of  the  charter  of  the  medical  and  chirurgical 
faculty  was  abrogated  by  an  act  of  the  general  assembly  passed  some- 
time between  1840  and  1850,  in  f .  .or  of  the  Thompsoniaus,  who  then 
had  a  large  following  in  the  State.  This  opened  the  door  to  quackery 
of  all  sorts,  and  luitil  1807  there  was  no  regulative  act  in  existence. 

"  In  the  latter  year  an  act  was  passed  constituting  a  board  of  medical 
examiners  appointed  by  the  governor,  whose  duty  it  was  to  register  all 
practitioners  holding  recognized  diplomas,  examine  and  grant  licenses 
to  such  as  applied,  and  gi'ant  certificates  to  practice  to  such  as  had 
been  in  continuous  practice  in  the  State  for  ten  years  previous  to  the 
passage  of  the  act.  The  first  prosecution  under  the  act  showed  its 
insufficiency,  and  in  the  following  year  (1868)  the  law  was  repealed, 
and  only  one  section,  relating  to  abortion,  was  re-enacted. 

"  The  latter  act  (section  16  of  article  72  of  the  revised  code  of  1878) 


MARYLAND. 


125 


5.      Numlx^r  of 


nodical  practice 
;o  youi"  request, 
jal  and  cbirurgi- 
(passed  January 
y  ballot  a  board 
;ical  abilities  in 
saminers  for  the 
grant  licenses  to 
her  upon  a  full 
jome  respectable 
e  of  the  medical 
lificate  to  pay  a 
tertained  by  the 

pointment  of  the 
titioner  of  medi 
her  of  the  said 
lout  having  first 
ttder  the  penalty 
the  county  court 
inent  and  indict- 
sr  for  that  of  the 

[  and  chirorgical 
bly  passed  some- 
jonians,  who  then 
door  to  quackery 
it  in  existence. 
I  board  of  medical 
was  to  register  all 
ad  grant  licenses 
a  to  such  as  had 
8  previous  to  the 
le  act  showed  its 
law  was  repealed, 
cted. 
ised  code  of  1 878) 


is  the  only  existing  regulation  on  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  State. 
It  provides  that  any  person  who  shall  knowingly  publish  or  furnish 
means  for  procuring  abortion  shall  be  punished  by  impriaonment  in 
the  penitentiary  for  not  less  than  three  years,  or  by  a  fine  of  not  less 
than  five  hundred  nor  more  than  one  thousand  dollars,  or  both,  at  the 
discretion  of  the  court. 

"In  1880,  some  attempts  w<?ire  made  to  pass  a  regulative  act,  but  I 
believe  it  was  not  generally  sustained  by  the  profession,  owing  to 
serious  defects  in  the  measiire  proposed. 

"  It  is  proposed  to  bring  the  matter  up  before  the  next  session  of 
the  general  assembly,  if  the  medical  and  chirurgical  faculty  can  be 
induced  to  lend  the  movement  its  support  and  encouragement. 

"  In  the  city  of  Baltimore  there  is  in  force  an  ordinance  for  the 
registration  of  physicians  and  midwives;  but  as  there  is  no  other  guide 
to  the  competency  of  the  persons  applying  for  registration  than  the 
statement  of  the  parties  themselves,  the  commissioner  is  obliged  to 
register  all  who  apply.  The  commissioner  can  of  course  refuse  to 
register  an  applicant,  but  it  would  probably  result  in  a  suit  at  law 
against  the  city  or  the  commissioner.  Hence,  the  ordinance  is  not 
much  of  a  safeguard  against  unqualified  practitioners. 

"A  State  boaid  of  health  is  also  in  existence.  It  consists  of  seven 
members.  The  secretary  of  the  board  must  be  an  'educated  phy- 
sician and  experienced  in  sanitary  science.'  He  is  a  member  of  the 
board,  beingr  elected  to  the  position  by  the  other  six  members.  The 
salary  of  the  secretary  (act  of  1880)  is  $1,800  per  annmn;  $1,200  are 
appropriated  for  expenses  of  the  board." 

Dr.  C.  W.  Chancellor,  secretary  of  the  State  board  of  healtli,  in 
his  report  to  the  governor  (1882)  says,  under  the  head  of 

Qualification  and  Registration  of  Physicians  : 

"It  is  very  important,  in  the  interest  of  the  people,  that  there 
should  be  some  efiQcient  law  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the 
State.  The  facilities  for  becoming  professional  men,  with  the  suffix  of 
'M.D.,'  are  so  great  that  many  persons  are  seduced  into  an  attempt  to 
become  physicians,  without  the  basis  of  primary  education  or  any  . 
knowledge  of  the  science  of  medicine  and  surgery.  There  are  others, 
again,  who,  having  received  a  good  primary  education,  are  inc  ced, 
from  motives  of  economy  or  convenience,  to  purchase  diplomas  irom 
bogus  medical  schools  without  having  obtained  any  anatomical  knowl- 
evlge  or  clinical  instruction.  The  great  multiplication  of  medical 
schools  in  every  section  of  the  country,  together  with  the  proverbial 
facilities  for  becoming  licensed  practitioners,  has  so  lowered  the  standard 


12fi 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


of  professional  excellence,  and  so  manifestly  degraded  the  medical 
character  of  the  United  States,  that  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  an  enlight- 
ened public  opinion  will  in  this  as  in  other  States,  take  decided  steps 
towards  putting  down  such  a  vicious  system.  The  statement  made  in 
the  annual  report  of  the  attorney-general  of  Pennsylvania,  that  Dr. 
Bu^'hanan  had  given  information  to  the  State  axithorities,  setting  forth 
his  dealings  with  some  twenty-two  medical  colleges,  in  rhis  country 
alone,  in  the  sale  and  exchange  of  bogus  diplomas,  demonstrates  the 
necessity  for  prompt  and  stringent  legislation,  which  will  purge  our 
State  of  incompetent  practitioners.  In  Illinois,  where  the  diplomas 
have  undergone  the  careful  scrutiny  of  the  State  Board  of  Health, 
seventeen  hundred  and  fifty  (1,750)  incompetent  practitioners  have 
been  required  to  stop  practice  or  leave  the  State.  It  is  unnecessary  at 
present  to  enter  into  any  statements  to  show  the  absolute  necessity  of 
the  legislature  interfering  for  the  protection  of  the  people  in  this 
matter;  events  are  daily  transpiring  which  must  soon  direct  the  public 
attention  to  the  subject  with  intense  and  fearful  anxiety.  Laws  have 
already  been  enacted  by  many  of  the  State  legislatures  in  reference  to 
this  matter,  and  our  own  legislature  should  be  earnestly  invoked  to 
secure  to  the  people  the  same  protection  in  this  State.  It  is  their  cause, 
not  ours;  the  people  must  employ  medical  men,  whether  they  be 
ignorant  or  informed,  but  if  they  be  ignorant  medical  men,  then  it  is 
the  people  who  suffer. 

"In  confeiTing  diplomas,  feelings  of  interest,  commiseration  and 
kindness  should  have  no  weight.  It  is  a  painful  thing  to  send  a  young 
man  back  to  his  studies  who  presents  himself  for  a  diploma.  The 
kind  and  generous  feelings  of  the  professor  rise  up  and  plead  in  his 
behalf,  and  these  are  more  imperative  in  proportion  as  the  associations 
have  been  longer  or  more  close.  It  is  often  the  case  that  the  preceptor 
is  professor,  and  it  would  seem  like  condemning  him  to  reject  his 
pupil.  Besides,  when  a  student  has  paid  so  much  money  for  office  and 
lecture  fees,  it  really  seems  hard  to  refuse  the  diploma.  The  tendency 
of  those  institutions  which  confer  in-esponsible  power  on  the  few  over 
the  many,  is  to  insure  the  sacrifice  of  the  general  to  particular  inter- 
ests; and  the  consideration  of  such  practices  should  not  fail  to  excil«  a 
deep  interest  in  the  thinking  part  of  the  community.  It  is  time  that 
the  physicians  of  the  State  should  exert  themselves  to  change  a  system 
which  has  so  long  retarded  the  progi-ess  of  their  science,  and  been 
productive  of  so  much  evil  in  communities,  and  surely  there  is  good 
sense  enough,  both  in  the  people  and  the  legislature,  to  listen  to  their 
representations. " 


^^ 


MARYLAND. 


127 


d   the  medical 
hat  an  enlight- 
B  decided  steps 
ement  made  in 
vania,  that  Dr. 
)8,  setting  forth 
in  ♦.his  country 
imonstrates  the 
will  purge  our 
e  the  diplomas 
iRD  or  Health, 
ictitioners   have 
I  unnecessary  at 
lute  necessity  of 
people  in  this 
irect  the  public 
ity.     Laws  have 
B  in  reference  to 
(stly  invoked  to 
It  is  their  cause, 
rhether  thciy  be 
.  men,  then  it  is 

amiseration   and 
to  send  a  young 
diploma.      The 
md  plead  in  his 
!  the  associations 
lat  tlie  preceptor 
lim  to  reject  his 
aey  for  office  and 
i.     The  tendency 
on  the  few  over 
particular  inter- 
ot  fail  to  excite  a 
It  is  time  that 
1  change  a  system 
cience,  and  been 
ely  there  is  good 
to  listen  to  their 


School  or  Medicine  of  the  University  of  Marylakd. 
Baltimore,  Md.     (Pop.  332,813.) 

Organized  in  1807,  as  the  Medical  College  in  the  City  of  Baltimore. 
In  1812,  faculties  of  law,  theology  and  arts  were  added,  and  the  whole 
chartered  under  its  present  name.  The  degree  of  M.D.  was  first  con- 
ferred in  1810,  and  degrees  have  been  conferred  each  year  since. — The 
faculty  embraces  ten  professors,  two  demonstrators,  three  prosectors, 
and  fifteen  private  instructora. 

CouBSE  OP  Inhtbuction:  One  regular  course  of  twenty-four  weeks'  duration, 
and  one  preliminary  course  of  ten  days'  duration,  annually.  The  three  years' 
graded  course  is  recommended  but  not  required.— Lectures  embrace  chemistry, 
pharmacy,  obstetrics,  practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  materia  medica,  therapeutics, 
diseases  of  women  and  children,  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  physiology,  anatomy, 
pathology,  diseases  of  throat,  chest,  skin  and  nervous  system. 

Requibembntb:  For  admission,  none.— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (3)  thesis;  (4)  evidence  of  attendance  on 
clinical  lectures  on  medicine  and  surgery;  (6)  practical  anatomy  course;  (6)  good 
moral  character,  and  faithful  and  regular  attendance  on  lectures  and  clinics. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  |5;  lectures,  $120,  or  $50  to  poor  students;  demonstrator, 
flO;  graduation,  |30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent. 

1877-78 

135 

49 

36.2 

1878-79 

134 

53 

40+ 

1879-80 

173 

66 

38+ 

1880-81 

193 

73 

87.9 

1881-82 

197 

73 

37.8 

1882-83 

202 

97 

47.7 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  ypp.rs, 
forty. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  19. 

Remarks:  Practical  courses  are  given  on  obstetrics,  eye  and  ear, 
and  throat  and  chest  diseases,  for  which  a  fee  of  $12  per  course  is 
charged. 

Washington  University  School  of  Medicine. 
Baltimore,  Md. 

Organized  in  1827,  as  the  Medical  Department  of  Washington  Col- 
lege, Pennsylvania.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1828,  and  classes 
were  graduated  under  the  auspices  of  Washington  College  until  1840, 
when  the  Maryland  legislature  empowered  the  institution  to  assume 
the  above  title.  Lectures  were  delivered  and  classes  graduated  until 
1851,  when  it  became  extinct.  In  1867  the  institution  was  reorganized 
and  lectures  were  delivered  until  1877,  when  the  institution  was  merged 
into  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  {vide  infra). 


■(^    '•     t 


128 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


College  of  Phybicianh  and  Suuoeonh. 
Baltimore,  Md. 
Orgimized  in  1872.  The  tirst  cIhhh  was  gradnuted  in  1873.  OlasBes 
have  boen  graduated  each  subsequent  year.  In  1877  the  Washington 
University  School  of  Medicine  was  united  with  it — The  faculty 
embraces  ten  professors,  two  auxiliary  professors,  six  lecturers  and  four 
demonstrators. 

OouBHU  OF  Instbuotion:  Three  yearii'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not 
reiiuired;  one  regular  coarse  of  twenty-two  weeks'  duration,  and  one  spring  course 
of  twelve  weeks'  duration,  are  given  annually;  clinics  in  hospitals  ond  dispensary, 
—lectures  embrace  anatomy,  physiology,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  chemistry, 
gynecology,  diseases  of  eye  and  ear,  diseases  of  the  nervous  system,  diseases  of 
the  skin,  medical  jurisprudence,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  principles 
and  practice  of  surgery,  obstetrics,  clinical  medicine,  diseases  of  children,  diseanes 
of  the  chest  and  throat,  hygiene. 

RBQUinEMBNTs:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation,  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  chariK-ter;  (3)  good  English  education;  (4)'  three  years' 
study;  (5)  satisfactory  examination. 

Febh:     Lectures,  (120,  or  $55  to  poor  students;  graduation,  i|30. 
Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates,  '    Graduates.  Percent. 

1877-78  166  66  39.9 

1878-79  m.  80  8&— 

1879-80  989  110  •  87.7 

1880-81       <  8W  14.S  48.6 

1881-82  M  158  46.7 

1882-83  822  109  33.9 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  last  six  years, 
thirty-nin«. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  1. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  5. 


Baltimore  Medical  College. 
Baltimore,  Md. 

Organized  in  1881.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1882. — The 
faculty  embraces  seven  professors,  three  clinical  professors,  three  clinical 
lecturers,  and  one  demonstrator. 

GouBSE  OF  Instbuotion:  One  course  of  lectures  of  thirty  weeks'  duration, 
annually;  clinical  instruction  at  college  dispensary. — Lectures  embrace  anatomy, 
physiology,  materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and 
children,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  hygiene,  dermatology,  principles  and 
practice  of  surgery,  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  insanity,  nervous  diseases, 
microscopy,  diseases  of  the  chest  and  throat,  oral  surgery. 

REQniBEMBNTSi  Por  admission,  "must  possess  good  moral  characters  and 
studious  habits,  and  unless  matriculates  of  some  literary  institution  or  medical 
college,  will  be  required  to  write  a  brief  essay,  not  exceeding  o  page  of  foolscKp, 


>  1873.  Classes 
le  Washington 
—The  faculty 
lurers  and  toxxt 

imended,  bnt  not 
one  spring  course 
B  and  diBpensary. 
euticB,  chemistry, 
^Btem,  diseases  of 
dicine,  principles 
children,  diseases 

twenty-one  years 
;  (4)"   three  years' 

180. 

I  session  reported, 

Percent. 
39.9 
38— 
37.7 
43.6 
46.7 
33.9 
the  last  six  years. 


in  1882.— The 
>r8,  three  clinical 

y  weeks'  dnration, 
embrace  anatomy, 
seB  of  women  and 
ogy,  principles  and 
nervous   diseases. 

iral  characters  and 
titution  or  medical 
n.  page  of  foolscf.p. 


MARYliAND. 


I2l» 


an  a  tost  of  their  qualifications  in  orthography  and  grammar,  and  to  undergo  a 
short  oral  examination  in  the  elementary  branches  of  a  good  English  education  " 
-For  graduation:  Must  be  of  age,  and  have  attended  two  full  courses  of  lectures. 
The  fitness  of  a  candidate  for  graduation  will  be  based  upon  good  behavior,  and 
the  result  of  a  final  examination  in  the  seveji  primary  branches  of  medicine. 

Fkrs:     Matriculation,  |5;  demonstrator,  flO;  lectures,  $120;  graduation,  |180. 
Students :   Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent 
1881-82                         46                                     17          -            ,  88.2 
1882-88                           82                                       20                                 88.4 
Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  mntrioulates  during  the  past  two  years, 
thirty-Kiyht. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  3. 

Remarks:  "Christiuuity  being  the  basis  upon  which  this  college 
was  founded,  its  charter  requires  that  every  professor  shall  declare  his 
belief  in  the  Christian  religion  to  become  eligible  to  till  his  position." 

.  Woman's  Medical  College  OF  Baltimohe. 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Organized  in  1882.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1883.— Th«* 
faculty  embraces  eight  professors,  one  lecturer,  one  demonstrator,  and 
nine  clinical  assistants. 

CouBSB  OP  Instbuotion:  One  regular  session  of  thirty  weeks'  duration.  '.'Three 
gears'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required.  The  course  of  instruction 
consists  of  a  full  series  of  lectures  on  the  following  subjects:  principles  and  practice 
of  medicine,  diseases  of  women,  obstetrics,  surgery,  materia  medica,  therapeutics, 
physiology,  diseases  of  throat  and  chest,  anat  imy,  operative  surgery,  chemistry, 
diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  diseases  of  children,  hygiene,  medical  jurisprudence,' 
which  will  be  supplemented  by  clinical  lectures  upon  the  practical  branches,  by 
laboratory  work  in  chemistry,  materia  medica  and  pharmacy,  and  by  demonitra- 
tions  of  anatomy  and  histology." 

Requibements:  For  admission,  satisfactory  examination  before  a  committee 
of  the  faculty  on  the  usual  elementary  English  branches  taught  in  the  public 
schools.— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  two  full  courses  of 
lectures;  (3)  one  full  dissection;  (4)  evidence  of  having  attended  the  clinics;  (6) 
examination  on  all  the  branches;  (6)  good  moral  character. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  $75;  demonstrator,  $10;  graduation,  $30. 
,    Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculate!?.  Graduates.  Percent 
1882-83                            19                                     1  5  2 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  1.  . 

Medical  Department  of  Johns  Hopkins  University. 
Baltimore,  Md. 
Organized  in  1883.  , 


"  iwtttiftiw'^^iB^jtr-^" 


m) 


MEDICAL  LAW8  AND  INHTITUTIONH. 


Thp  followinj^  detailH  are  Hiimmarized  from  a  circular  of  the  uni- 
versity, aunounciiiff  a  courno  proparatory  to  the  wtudy  of  inediciiuv. 

Thrue  claHsoH  of  Htudents  aro  admitted  to  thin  preparatory  course. 
First  —  jjraduate  studentH  without  Hpecial  examination;  Second  — 
matriculated  students;  Third— special  students.  The  first  and  third 
classes  are  permitted  to  follow  the  biological  instruction,  in  part  or  in 
their  entire  range.  Special  students  are  those  who  are  not  pr»)piire<l  at 
admission  for  full  matriculativm,  but  who  desire  to  enter  upon  a  three 
years'  course  of  scientific  instruction.  They  are  admitted  to  the 
privileges  of  the  university,  out  of  deference  to  the  custom  which  has 
heretofore  prevailed  in  this  country,  of  requiring  no  preliminary 
examination  of  those  entering  upon  the  study  of  medicine;  but  they 
can  not  compete  for  the  degree  of  A.B.  This  aiTangement,  therefore, 
is  a  sort  of  compromise,  of  a  temporary  nature,  and  which  will  pass 
away  with  the  changes  and  improvements  that  time  will  make  in  our 
methods.  Nevertheless,  the  indulgence  to  this  class  is  only  partial, 
and  there  is  laid  down  for  it,  an  entrance  examination  in  elementary 
mathematics,  in  Latin,  English  (including  a  written  composition), 
French,  German,  and  di-awing.  Matriculates,  i.  e.,  those  who  are 
(iandidates  for  the  degree  of  A.B.,  are  required  to  pass  an  entrance 
examination  of  a  much  more  rigid  character  upon  the  same  subjects, 
and  in  addition,  upon  Greek  (a  thorough  knowledge  of  French  and 
German  will  be  accepted  as  a  substitute  for  this),  history,  and  the 
elements  of  physics,  chemistry,  physical  geography,  botany  and 
physiology;  this  examination  is  common  to  all  candidates  for  the 
degree  of  A..B.  in  each  of  the  seven  collegiate  courses. 

The  full  course  preparatory  to  medicine — the  full  length  of  which 
will  vary  somewhat,  according  to  the  student's  ability  and  industry,  but 
"  rarely,  if  ever,  will  be  completed  in  less  than  three  years  after  full 
matriculation " —  embraces  English,  Gorman,  French,  logic,  ethics, 
psychology,  physical  geography,  ancient  history,  vocal  culture,  physical 
culture,  the  theory  of  accounts,  physics,  chemistry  and  biology;  the 
last — "  the  study  of  living  things,  animal  and  vegetable,  in  their  forms 
and  functions  " — is  the  dominant  subject  of  the  course,  but  the  design 
is  t<j  give  such  liberal  cultui'e  as  will  avoid  a  one-sided,  or  narrow 
development. 

"  Opportunities  are  hero  afforded  to  a  young  man,  who  expects  at  a 
later  day  to  take  up  the  study  of  medicine,  to  become  proficient  in 
laboratory  work  while  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  German  and  French 
and  continuing  his  general  education.  A  course  is  arranged,  in  which 
physics  for  the  first  year,  chemistry  for  the  second,  and  the  biological 
study  of  plants  and  animals  for  the  third  year,  are  the  dominant  topics. 


MARYliAND-MAHHAOHUSKTTH. 


lai 


hir  of  the  uni- 
'  medicine: 
aratory  conrHe. 
;)n;    Socoiul  - 
first  and  third 
1,  in  part  or  iu 
lot  propiired  at 
tr  upon  a  three 
Lmitted   to    the 
atom  which  has 
lo   preliminary 
icino;  but  they 
nent,  therefore, 
vhich  will  pass 
ill  make  in  our 
iH  only  partial, 
in  elementary 
I   composition), 
those  who   are 
iHS  an  entrance 
I  same  wubjectH, 
of  French  and 
listory,  and  the 
y,    botany    and 
didates   for  the 

length  of  which 
nd  industry,  but 
years  after  full 
1,  logic,  ethics, 
culture,  physical 
nd  biology;  the 
e,  in  their  forms 
5,  but  the  design 
«ded,  or  narrow 

who  expects  at  a 
me  proficient  in 
man  and  French 
ranged,  iu  which 
nd  the  biological 
dominant  topics. 


At  the  close  of  this  coiirHe  the  student  should  have  Iwcome  proficient 
in  a  knowledge  of  tlie  physical  and  chemical  laws  which  underlie  the 
conditions  of  life;  he  should  have  l)ecome  familiar  with  the  structure 
and  functions  of  living  things,  in  their  normal  and  healthy  condition; 
he  should  have  become  skilled  in  the  use  of  the  microscope  and  other 
physiological  apparattis:  and  so,  when  he  enters  the  sch(X)l  of  medicine 
he  should  know  that  h(>  has  been  well  prepared  for  the  study  of  disease 
and  of  its  treatment,  by  a  training  in  the  fundamental  sciences,  which 
has  not  only  exercised  his  eye  and  hand,  but  has  accustomed  his  mind 
to  acctirate  habits  of  observation  and  inquiry." 


MASH.\(HrSETTS. 

Population,  1,783,085.  Numlier  of  physicians,  2,845.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  023. 

Samuel  W.  Abbott,  M.D.,  of  Wakefield,  writes:  "In  reply  to  your 
letter  requesting  copies  of  our  laws  relating  to  the  practice  of  medicine, 
I  will  say  that  we  are  all  well  aware  of  the  excellent  progress  made  by 
Illinois  in  this  direction,  and  only  wish  that  the  whole  Union  might 
follow  her  example.  Three  years  since  a  similar  law  was  proposed,  and 
a  bill  presented  to  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts.  Several  hearings 
were  had  before  the  committee  on  public  health,  but  such  a  storm  of 
opposition  was  raised  by  the  Boston  quacks  as  to  kill  the  bill  completely, 
and  the  feeble  efforts  to  resurrect  it  have  proved  of  no  avail. 

"  We  have  an  excellent  law  abolishing  the  office  of  coroner,  entitled 
'  The  Medical  Examiner  Law,'  of  1877.  This  has  been  in  force  seven 
years,  and  has  thiis  far  been  a  great  success,  and  a  saving  to  the  State 
financially,  as  well  as  a  m.ttter  of  credit  to  the  profession  for  securing 
its  enactment.  Our  system  of  inquests  is  far  ahead  of  the  old  coroner 
system  in  vogue  in  other  States." 

The  exposui-e,  in  November,  1882,  by  the  Illinois  State  Board  of 
Health,  of  the  fi-audulent  Bellevue  Medical  College  of  Massachusetts, 
led  to  the  correction  oi  a  flagrant  abuse  in  connection  with  the  issuing  of 
medical  diplomas  in  Massachusetts.  The  "  Bellevue  "  was  organized 
under  the  "  Public  Statutes  relating  to  Manufacturing  and  other  cor- 
porations, "and  its  officers,  on  the  trial  which  resulted  from  the  exposure 
above  referred  to,  pleaded  that  they  were  legally  incorporated,  and  were 
empowered  by  the  laws  of  Massachusetts  to  issue  diplomas  and  confer 
degrees  without  any  restriction  as  to  course  of  study  or  professional 
attainments.  The  United  States  Commissioner,  before  whom  the  trial 
was  had,  held  the  plea  to  be  valid,  and  dismissed  the  case,  with  the 
following  remarks: 

"  The  State  has  authorized  this  college  to  issue  degrees,  and  it  has 


182 


MEDICAL  LAWH  AND  INHTITrTlONH. 


b«eu  dtme  iioourdin^  to  legal  right.  «  «  «  'fj^,  i^^  makuH  th«> 
faculty  of  tliH  collugu  tho  hoIv  jiuigitH  of  eligibility  of  applioaDth  for 
diploiniiH.  Thure  iu  no  Ingal  roHtrictioii,  no  legul  r<H|inr«iu»utH.  //  the 
fiieulty  ckooHi'  to  insue  deffreeH  to  inconifwlent  persoiw.  thv  lawn  of 
Maaaachumttn  authorize  tY." 

As  H  niit\iral  result  of  this  dtHiisioii,  the  "  American  University  of 
Boston,"  and  the  "First  Medical  College  of  the  American  Health  Soci- 
ety," were  promptly  incorjwrattMl  under  the  same  enactment  hh  the 
"Bellevue";  the  "Excelsior  Mmlical  College,"  and,  doubtless,  others 
were  projected,  and  this  new  branch  of  manufacturing  industry-  which 
furnished  the  degree  of  tloctor  in  miniicine  for  $150,  C.  O.  D.,  without 
study  or  h>ctur«>  attt»ndance  <leveloped  into  ratht^r  startling  propor 
tions.  It  siuldenly  collapsed,  however,  luidor  the  passage  (Jjuie  80, 
1888)  of  an  act  forbidding  any  corporation,  organized  under  the  public 
statutes  above  referred  to,  from  conferring  medical  degrees  or  issuing 
diplomas,  or  certificates  conferring  or  purporting  to  confer  degrees, 
unless  spiH-ially  authorizeil  by  the  legislatiu'e  so  to  do. 

■  .1  ',  <    ■   '  ■ '  ■ 

Medical  School  of  Harvard  University. 

Boston,  Mass.     (Pop.  802,839.) 

Organized  in  1782.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1788, 
Classes  have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty 
embraces  eleven  professors,  six  assistant  professors,  two  instructors  and 
one  curator.  There  are  also  sixteen  lecturers  and  assistants  and 
thirteen  clinical  instructors. 

CuuBHK  or  Inbtbuotion :  Instruction  ic  given  by  leotuF'^B,  olinioal  teHching. 
and  practical  exercineH  uniformly  diHtributed  throughout  the  academic  yeiir;  one 
course  annually  of  thirty-four  weeks'  duration,  divided  into  two  terms.  Course 
graded,  extending  over  three  or  four  years.  In  the  shorter  course  lectures  embrace : 
First  year,  anatomy,  physiology,  and  general  chemistry.  Second  year, — practical 
and  topographical  anatomy,  medical  chemistry,  materia  medioa,  pathological 
anatomy,  clinical  medicine,  and  clinical  surgery.  Third  year, — therapeutics, 
obstetrics,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  surgery,  clinical 
surgery,  ophthalmology,  dermatology,  syphilis,  otology,  laryngology,  mental 
diseases,  diseases  of  the  nervous  system,  diseases  of  women,  diseases  of  children, 
forensic  medicine,  hygiene. 

REtjuiBEMBNTs:  For  admission,  all  candidates,  excepting  those  who  have 
passed  an  examination  for  admission  to  Harvard  University,  must  present  a  degree 
in  letters  or  science  from  a  recognized  college  or  scientific  school,  or  pass  an 
examination  in  the  following  subjects:  (a)  Every  candidate  shall  be  required  to 
write  legibly  and  correctly,  an  English  composition  of  not  less  than  two  hundred 
words,  and  also  to  write  English  prose  from  dictation.  (6)  The  translation  of  easy 
Latin  prose,  (c)  A  competent  knowledge  of  physics,  (d)  Each  candidate  shall 
pass  an  approved  examination  in  snoh  one  of  the  following  branches  as  he  may 


MAHHAdUDSK'ITS. 


i:{:i 


jv  luakoH  tbt' 
>|)liouutH  fur 
HutH.     //  the 
the,  laws  of 

JnivHirHit}'  of 
Huultb  S«)ci- 
lUOUt  BH  th«» 
l)tl0S8,  OthtTH 

iiHtry  wliich 
).  D.,  witboiit 
tling  prupor 
j^(>  (Juno  30, 
[er  the  public 
teH  or  issuing 
nfer  (legreoB, 


ted  in  1788. 
-The  faculty 
istructora  and 
BBistantH    and 

iuicnl  teaohinK. 
lemic  yeiir;  one 

terms.  Oourse 
ectures  embrace : 
year, — practical 
Ba,  pathological 
; — therapeutics, 
surgery,  clinical 

goloKy,  mental 
iBes  of  children, 

those  who  haye 
present  a  degree 
lool,  or  paBR  an 

be  required  to 
lan  two  hundred 
iiiiplation  of  easy 

candidate  shall 
uches  ap  he  may 


elt<ct:  Kroncli,  (lerniun,  the  cU'iiuMitH  of  iilgclira,  i>r  piniii'  gcoiiietry,  botany. 
For  griiduatioii:  Kvery  candidate  munt  be  ^1)  tw<<nty-oii«  yuan*  of  age;  (2)  of  good 
moral  charaotnr;  18)  inUHt  give  evidence  of  having  xtudied  medicine  three  or  four 
full  yearw;  (4)  have  spent  at  leaxt  one  cotitiiuioiiH  year  at  tliiH  school;  (!>)  have 
prurtented  a  Katirtfiictory  ihesir*,  and  have  pasricd  the  reipiired  exaniinatioiin;  ((>) 
dlxsttution  of  all  "  partH."  Kxaniinations  mainly  in  writing,  and  distributed 
through  the  entire  co.  rse,  InKte^.u  of  being  held  at  the  end  of  the  period  of  study. 

Fkim:     Matricuhition,  i^[>•,  lectures,  full  year,  f'J<HI;  half  year,  i^l'2l);  gradua- 
tion, $!'/). 

Students:     Number  of  nuitricu'ates  and  of  graduaten  at  each  Keanion  re{Mirt«d, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- - 


Session . 
1877  7» 
IH78  79 
1879  80 
1880-81 

1881  82 

1882  8» 


Matriculates 

(Iraduates, 

*7:» 

47 

*!»!> 

70 

*!)(•. 

45 

*«» 

*!0 

'SM 

77 

22!> 

74 

Peroaat. 


38 
:i2.a 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  years, 
tliirfy-two. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  84. 

Remahkh:  .Students  wbo  began  tboir  professional  studitw  olsowbero 
may  b>'.  admitted  to  advanced  standing;  but  all  jwrsons  wbo  apply  for 
admission  to  tbt>  advancr-d  elass-.w  uuist  pass  an  e.xamJMation  in  tbo 
brancbos  already  piu'sued  by  tbe  class  to  wbicb  they  seek  admission, 
and  furnish  a  satisfactory  oertiticato  of  time  s[)i'nt  in  medical  studios. 
Nt)  student  .shall  advance  with  his  class,  or  be  admitted  to  advanced 
standing,  until  he  has  passed  tbe  recpiirod  examination  in  tbo  studies  of 
tbe  previous  year,  or  a  majority  of  them;  nor  shall  he  become  a  member 
of  the  third  class  until  be  has  j)assed  all  the  examinations  of  the  first, 
in  addition  to  a  majority  of  those  in  the  second  year. 

Nine  per  cent,  of  the  last  graduating  class  hud  taken  the  four  years' 
course. 

BKRKStuKE   MEni<;.\i,    CoLLEOE.        [Medicdl  Departinenf  of  Williatns 

College.) 
Pittsfield,    Mass. 
Lectures  were  delivered  until   18(57,  when  the 
Durinjj  its  existence  1,138  students  were  wrad- 
Graduates  in  Illinois,  28. 

,  WORCESTEK     MeDIOAI,     CoLLEOE. 

Worcester,   Mass. 
Organized  in  1848.     Lectures  were  delivered  until   1858  (?)  when 
the  college  became  extinct.     Gradimtes  in  Illinois,  2. 

'These  UKur*)"  repreaeat  tlie  uuiulmr  nf  new  matrluulule-i,   ami   not  tli"  total   iiiiiiihur   In 
mttundanno. 


Organized  in  1843. 
college  became  extinct, 
uated. 


134 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS, 


New  Enoland.  Female  Medical  College. 

Boston,   Mass. 

Organized  in  1848.  Lectures  were  delivered  and  classes  graduated 
until  1874,  when  it  was  merged  into  the  Boston  University  School  of 
Medicine  {nide  infra) . 

Boston  University  School  of  Medkhne. — {Homixopnthic.) 
Boston,  Mass. 

Organized  in  1873.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1874.  Classes 
have  be^n  graduated  each  subsequent  year.  In  1874  the  New  England 
Female  Medical  Collage  was  united  with  this  school. — The  faculty 
embraces  ten  professors,  thirteen  lecturers,  live  assistants,  and  one 
demonstrator. 

Course  ok  T::stbuotion:  One  course  of  thirty  "workinf^"  weeks'  duration, 
iinnuiilly,  dividod  into  three  terms.  Three  years'  graded  course  required.  Four 
years'  graded  course  recommended.  Daily  examinations  by  the  professors.  Clinics 
at  hospital  and  dispensary.  To  each  term  and  each  year  certain  studies  are 
assigned,  in  which  the  student  is  required  to  become  proficient  before  entering 
upon  more  advanced  studies,  and  he  is  required  to  complete  the  studies  in  one  year 
and  be  examined  in  them  before  entering  the  next. — Lectures  embrace. — First 
year:  Anatomy,  genert.l,  descriptive  and  comparative,  with  dissections;  histology 
and  microscopy,  physiology,  human  and  comparative;  general  and  medical  chem- 
istry; history  and  methodology  of  medicine.  Second  year:  Materia  medicu  and 
clinical  medicine,  pathology  and  therapeutics,  pathological  anatomy,  minoi' 
surgery,  surgery  and  surgical  pathology,  obstetrics,  auscultation  and  percussion, 
laryngoscopy.  Third  year:  Materia  medica  and  clinical  medicine  continued, 
pathology  and  diagnosis  continued,  clinical  and  operative  surgery,  diseases  of 
women,  diseases  of  children,  ophthalmology,  medical  jurisprudence,  ethics  and 
esthetics. 

Requirements:  For  admission,  (a)  a  degree  in  arts,  philosophy  or  science; 
(6)  all  others  are  examined  in  the  following  branches:  (1)  In  orthography,  Eng- 
lish composition,  and  penmanship,  by  means  of  a  page  written  at  the  time  and 
place  of  examination.  (2)  In  arithmetic,  geography,  and  English  grammar,  if 
there  be  doubt  whether  the  candidate  has  sufficient  attainment  therein.  (3)  In 
elementary  physics,  by  an  examination  in  Stewart's^Primer  of  Physics.  (4)  In 
Latin,  by  requiring  a  translation  from  Harkness's  Latin  reader  at  sight.  Students 
passing  a  t.atisfactory  examination  in  other  respects  at  the  June  examination,  will 
be  allowed  till  the  following  October  to  complete  their  requirements  in  Latin  and 
physics,  but  will  not  be  allowed  to  enter  upon  their  studies  till  such  conditions  are 
removed.  Candidates  must  be  at  least  eighteen  years  old. — For  graduation :  (1) 
twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (8)  three  years'  study;  (4) 
thesis.  Seventy  per  cent,  required  to  pass  for  graduation.  Before  graduation* 
all  students  will  be  required  to  furnish  satisfactory  written  reports  of  at  least 
twenty  medical,  five  surgical,  and  three  obstetric  cases  attended  by  them,  and  five 
cases  from  each  of  the  other  clinical  departments. 


'   jy  .»>'J,.'  !■■    ■■'■!, U^ll.    I       ^1^1    I.I     1^    lll^^.Liyill.     lily 


S8es  graduated 
rsity  School  of 


ipathic.) 


1874.  ClasBBs 
f  New  England 
.—-The  faculty 
bants,  and   on<^ 

weeks'  duration, 
3  required.  Four 
rofessors.  Clinics 
rtain  studies  are 
t  before  entering 
itudies  in  one  year 
8  embrace. — First 
ections;  histology 
md  medical  cliem- 
nteria  medica  and 

anatomy,  minor 
n  and  percussion, 
'dicine  continued, 
irgery,  diseases  of 
idence,  ethics   and 

)8ophy  or  science; 
orthography,  Eng- 
1  at  the  time  and 
jlish  grammar,  if 
it  therein.  (3)  lu 
'.  Physics.  (4)  In 
it  sight.  Students 
e  examination,  will 
nents  in  Latin  and 
such  conditions  are 
)r  graduation :  (1) 
e  years'  study;  (4) 
Before  graduation^ 
reports  of  at  least 
a  by  them,  and  Ave 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


185 


Stuuentb:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 
1877-78 
1878-79 
1879-80 
1880-81 
1881-82 
1882-8" 


Matriculates. 
169 
149 
127 
110 
110 
109 


Graduates. 
43 
8ft 
86 
26 
29 
SO 


Percent. 
26.4 
23.5 
27.« 
23.6 
26.3 
27.6 


Avpiage  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years. 
twenty-five,  ' 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  3, 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 
Boston,  Mass. 
Organized  in  1880.     The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1881.-  The 
faculty  embraces  ten  professors,  seven  lecturers,  three  instmctgrs,  one 
demonstrator,  and  four  clinical  assistants. 

CoDBSE  OF  Instbuotion:  One  lecture  course  of  tyrty.one  weeks,  annually. 
'  "  The  instruction  at  this  college  iionsists  of  didactic  lectures,  with 'demonstrations, 
clinical  teaching,  daily  recitations,  and  practical  teaching  on  subjects  involving 
manipulation."  Course  graded,  extending  over  three  years;  not  absolutely  required, 
but  recommended. — Lectures  embrace  general  and  descriptive  anatomy,  physi- 
ology, general  chemistry  and  histology,  hygiene,  materia  medica,  therapeutics, 
medical  chemistry,  toxicology,  surgical  anatomy  and  pathology,  dermatology, 
laryngoscopy,  obstetrics,  surgery,  practical  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  medica 
jurisprudence  and  gynecology,  nervous  diseases,  ophthalmology. 

Rbquibements:  For  admission,  at  least  a  thorough  English  education.— For 
graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  thesis;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  at 
least  two  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  oral  and  written  examinations;  (6)  dissection  of 
at  least  three  parts;  (7)  "fulfill  all  requirements  of  laboratory  work;"  (8)  good 
moral  character. 

Fees:    Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  $85;  demonstrator,  |5;  graduation,  $30. 
Students:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1880-81  24  0  _ 

:      1881-82  49  11  24.5 

1882-83  84  10  29.9 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  years, 
twenty-Jlve. 

New  England  University  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 
Boston,  Mass.  ... 

Fraudulent.     Extinct. 

,  .  ,  Bellevue  "" 'edical  College  of  Massachusetts. 

Boston,  Mass. 
Organized   in    1880.      A   frauiulent   institution,    exposed    by    the 
Illinois  State  Board  of  Health  lU  1882.  ' 


"M'"i^Miii^>faiW '' 


136 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Mkdioai.  Depaktment  of   the  American  University  of  Boston. 

First  Medical  College  of  the  American  Health  Society. 

Excelsior  Medical  College. 

Boston,  Mass. 

These  three  latter  institutions — the  direct  result  of  the  decision  in 

the  "  Boston  Bellevue  "  case — were  established  in  1883,  under  a  law 

regulating  the  organization  of  manufacturing,  charitable,  educational 

and  religious  corporations.     By  an  act  recently  passed,  the  power  of 

granting  medical  degrees  is  prohibited  to  any  institution  so  organized. 

(See  remarks  under  the  caption  "  Massachusetts,"  on  page  132.) 


MICHIGAN.  •  •. 

Population,  1,636,937.     Number  of  physicians,  2,924.     Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  560. 
An  Act  to  Promote  Public  Health. 

Section  1.  The  People  of  the  State  of  Michigan  enact.  That  from  and  after 
this  act  ahall  take  effect,  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  person  to  practice  medicine 
or  surgery,  or  any  branch  thereof  (except  dentistry),  in  this  State,  without  having 
the  qualifications  required  in  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  without  having  first 
registered  in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk,  as  provided  in  this  act. 

§  2.     The  necessary  qualifications  to  practice  mtidicine  in  this  State  shall  be — 

First — That  every  person  who  shall  have  actually  practiced  medicine  continu- 
ously for  at  least  five  years  in  this  State,  and  who  it>  practicing  when  this  act  shall 
take  effect,  shall  be  deemed  qualified  to  practice  medicine  iii  this  State,  after 
having  registered  in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk,  as  provided  by  this  act. 

Second-  -Every  graduate  of  any  legally  authorized  medical  college  in  this 
State,  or  in  any  one  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  other  country,  shall  be  deemed 
qualified  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  in  all  its  departments,  after  having 
registered  as  provided  in  this  act:  Provided,  that  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall 
not  be  construed  so  as  to  prohibit  any  student  or  under-graduate  from  practicing 
with  and  under  the  instruction  of  any  person  legally  qualified  to  practice  medicine 
and  surgery  under  and  by  the  provisions  of  this  act:  Provided,  that  every  person 
qualified  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall, 
within  three  months  after  this  act  shall  take  effect,  file  with  the  county  clerk  of  the 
county  wherein  he  has  been  engaged  in  practice,  or  in  which  he  intends  to  practice, 
a  statement,  sworn  to  before  any  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths  in  said 
county,  setting  forth,  first,  if  he  is  actually  engaged  in  practice  in  said  county,  the 
length  of  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  such  continuous  practice,  and  if  a  graduate 
of  any  medical  college,  the  name  of  the  same  and  where  located,  when  he  gradu- 
ated, and  the  length  of  time  he  attended  the  same,  also  the  school  of  medicine  to 
which  he  belongs.  And  if  he  is  a  student  or  under-graduate,  the  length  of  time 
he  has  been  engaged  in  the  study  of  medicine,  and  where;  and  if  he  has  attended 
a  medical  college,  the  name  of  the  same  and  where  located,  and  the  length  of  time 
80  attended  and  when,  also  the  name  and  residence  of  the  physician  under  whose 
instrnotiou  he  is  practicing  or  intends  to  practice.     It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 


l_V*^.Mi'JiJl?^ 


JF  Boston. 
Society. 


kbe  decision  in 
I,  under  a  law 
lie,  educational 
the  power  of 
1  80  organized, 
re  132.) 


i.     NumVier  of 


it  from  and  after 
practice  medicine 
),  without  having 
chout  having  first 
t. 

H  State  shall  be — 
nedioine  continn- 
'hen  this  act  shall 
this  State,  after 
y  this  act. 
1  college  in  this 
■,  shall  be  deemed 
nts,  after  having 
i  of  this  act  shall 
)  from  practicing 
practice  medicine 
;hat  every  person 
of  this  act  shall, 
ounty  clerk  of  the 
itends  to  practice, 
ster  oaths  in  said 
n  said  county,  the 
and  if  a  graduate 
1,  when  he  gradu- 
)ol  of  medicine  to 
he  length  of  time 
f  he  has  attended 
;he  length  of  time 
ician  under  whose 
je  the  duty  of  the 


MICHIGAN. 


187 


county  clerk  of  each  county  iii  this  State  tolrecord,  in  a  book  to  be  provided  by  the 
county,  the  affidavit  (or  sworn  statement)  of  every  physician  practicing  in  said 
county.  For  recording  such  statement,  the  county  clerk  shall  receive  fifty  cents, 
to  be  paid  by  the  person  filing  the  same. 

§  3.  It  shall  be  the  du{y  of  the  supervisor,  at  the  time  of  making  the  annual 
assessment  in  each  year,  to  make  out  a  list  of  all  the  physicians  and  each  student 
practicing  under  the  instruction  of  a  preceptor  residing  within  his  township,  vil- 
lage, ward  or  city,  with  the  name,  age,  sex,  and  color  of  each,  and  tlie  length  of 
time  each  has  been  engaged  in  practice;  and  if  a  graduate  of  a  regularly  estab- 
lished and  reputable  college,  the  name  of  the  college  and  the  date  of  graduation. 
Such  list  shall  be  returned  by  the  supervisor  to  the  township,  village  or  city  clerk, 
and  by  tlie  clerk  recorded  in  the  book  in  which  are  kept  the  records  of  the  local 
board  of    health. 

§  4.  No  person  who  practices  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery  in  any  of  their 
branches  (excejjt  dentistry)  slmll  he  ablo,  in  any  of  the  courts  of  this  State,  to 
collect  pay  for  professional  service?;  rendered  subsequent  to  the  time  that  this  act 
shall  take  effect,  unless  he  was,  at  the  time  such  professional  services  were 
rendered,  duly  qualified  and  registered  as  a  medical  practitioner  according  to  the 
several  provisions  of  this  act. 

§  5.  The  supervisor,  township,  village  or  city  clerk  is  I-ereby  authorized  to 
administer  the  oaths  required  by  this  act. 

§  6.  Whoever  advertises  or  holds  himself  out  to  the  public  as  authorized  to 
practice  medioine  or  surgery  in  this  State,  when  in  fact  he  is  not  authorized  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and,  on  con- 
viction thereof,  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than 
fifty  dollars  for  each  offense. 

§  7.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  supervisor  and  health  officer  of  the  local 
board  of  health  in  each  township,  village,  ward  or  city,  to  enforce  this  act.  This 
act  shall  take  effect  September  7,  1883.  . 

Department  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  of  the  University  of 

Michigan. 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.    (Pop.  8,061.) 
Organized  in  1850.    The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1851.    Classes 
have  been  gi-aduated  each  subsequent   year.  —  The  faculty  embraces 
eleven  professors,  three  assistants  to  the  professors  and  four  demon- 
strators. iJ  ,    !»    i 

CouBSK  OF  Instruction:  One  annual  course  of  lectures  of  nine  montlis'  dura- 
tion, divided  into  two  semesters.  Frequent  examinations  are  held  by  the  professors 
or  the-r  assistants,  and  examinations  (written)  at  the  close  of  each  semester.  The 
course  is  graded,  extending  over  three  years,  but  two  full  courses  and  examination 
on  the  first  year  will  be  sufficient  for  graduation.— Lectures  embrace,  first  year, 
anatomy,  histology,  jihysiology,  chemistry,  materia  medica  and  therapeutics; 
second  year,  continuation  in  review  of  anatomy,  histology,  physiology,  chemistry, 
materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  with  pathology  and  practice  of  medicine,  surgery 
and  obstetrics;  third  year,  practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  and  the  dis- 
eases of  women  and  children,  ophthalmology  and  otology,  with  clinical  medicine 
and  surgery,  and  clinical  gynecology.     The  above  list  will  be  understood  to  includ» 


mnintiiiifinfiiiir  ij'ii 


188 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


nil  the  special  Htudien  that  appertain  to  and  form  an  ennential  part  of  the  general 
Hubjeots  enumerated.  Such  are,  histology,  physiological  and  pathological;  labora- 
tory work  in  medical  chemistry,  in  microscopy,  and  in  electro-therapentics;  qnali- 
tative,  physiological  and  pathological  analysis;  toxicology;  physical  diagnosis. 

Ry^uiBEMENTs :  For  admission,  (1)  eighteen  yeitrs  of  age;  (2)  good  moral 
character;  (3)  no  previous  study  of  medicine  required  for  admission,  but  candi- 
dates will  be  examined  as  to  their  elementary  education,  and  their  fitness  to  pursue 
properly  and  profitably  the  technical  study  of  medicine.  The  examination  will  be 
in  writing.  The  candidate  will  be  asked  to  give  an  account  of  his  pievious  educa- 
tional advantages,  and  to  answer  such  questions  in  arithmetic,  geography  and 
history,  and  on  forms  of  government  and  current  events,  as  shall  show  his  general 
intelligence;  and  particularly  will  he  be  required  to  correct  imperfect  English, 
and  to  show  his  ability  to  express  ideas  correctly  in  writing.  Graduates  or 
matriculates  of  a  university  or  college,  graduates  or  advanced  members  of  any 
academy  or  high  school,  persons  holding  certificates  from  anyjipublic  school  board 
as  being  properly  qr.alified  as  teachers,  and  persons  having  certificates,  based  upon 
an  examination  by  some  recognized  medical  society,  of  being  properly  qualified 
to  engage  in  the  study  of  medicine,  will  not  be  required  to  pass  the  above  examina- 
tion.— For  graduation:  To  be  admitted  to  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  a 
student  must  be  twenty -one  years  of  age  and  possess  a  good  moral  character;  he 
must  have  successfully  pursued  the  study  of  practical  anatomy  and  practical 
chemistry,  and,  unless  the  full  course  of  study  has  been  taken  in  this  college,  he 
must  have  been  engaged  in  the  study  of  medifiae  for  the  period  of  three  years, 
including  the  time  spent  in  attendance  upon  lectures.  He  musv  also  have  passed 
satisfactory  examinations  on  all  the  studies  included  in  the  full  course  of  instruc- 
tion; or,  if  admitted  to  advanced  standing,  he  must  have  attended  at  least  two  full 
courses  of  medical  lectures,  the  last  of  which  was  at  this  college,  and  must  have 
passed  the  required  examinations. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  for  residents  of  Michigan,  $10;  for  non-residents,  $26, 
to  be  paid  but  once.  Lectures,  for  residents  of  Michigan,  $25;  for  non-residents, 
$36.     Graduation  for  all  alike,  $10;  demonstrator,  $20;  laboratory,  $16. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent. 

1877-78 

286 

98 

33+ 

1878-79 

829 

104 

31.6 

1879-80 

860 

91 

26    • 

1880-81 

sao 

99 

26 

1881-82 

9iM 

90 

28.7 

1882-88 

386 

'I'l 

32 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
twenty-eight. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  16. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  187. 


Detroit  Medical  College. 
Detroit,  Mich.     (Pop.  116,340.) 
Organized  in   1868.     The  first  cIbss  graduated  in   1869.     ClaHses 
have  graduated  each  siibsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  eleven 


MICHIGAN. 


139 


rt  of.  the  general 
lological;  labora- 
irapenticB;  qnali- 
cal  diagnosiB. 

(2)  good  moral 
iHsion,  but  candi- 
•  fitness  to  pursue 
amination  will  be 
is  pievious  educa- 
!,  geography  and 
I  show  hie  general 
nperfect  English, 
ig.     Graduates  or 

members  of  any 
iblio  school  board 
icates,  based  upon 
properly  qualified 
he  above  examina- 
or  of  medicine,  a 
loral  character;  he 
imy  and  practical 
in  this  college,  he 
,od  of  three  years, 
I,  also  have  passed 

course  of  instruc- 
ed  at  least  two  full 
ge.  and  must  have 

non-residents,  $26, 
for  non-residents, 
ory,  |16. 
sh  session  reported, 

Percent. 
88+ 
81.6 
M  ' 
26 
38.7 
82 
the  past  six  years. 


n  1869.     ClaHses 
embraces  eleven 


profesBors,  ton  lecturers  and  insti'uctors,  a  demonstrator,  and  a  director 
of  dispensary  clinics. 

CoDBHE  OF  Instbuotion:  One  regular  term  of  twenty-five  weeks  and  a 
spring  (recitation)  term  of .  twelve  weeks.  Three  years'  graded  course  recom- 
mended, but  not  required.  Clinics  at  hospitals  and  dispensaries. — Lectures 
embrace  chemistry,  physiology,  histology,  materia  mediea  and  pharmacy,  practical 
anatomy,  minor  surgery,  therapeutics,  practical  physiology  and  microscopy,  prac- 
tice of  medicine  and  clinical  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and 
children,  orthopedic  surgery,  ophthalmology,  otology,  laryngology,  diseases  of 
nervous  system,  diseases  of  skin,  and  genito-urinary  diseases. 

Requlbbments:  Porjadmission,  (o)  literary  degree  (ti)  certificate  of  having 
passed  the  entrance  examination  of  any  incorporated  literary  college,  or  any  recog- 
nized medical  college  in  which  an  examination  is  required  for  admission:  also 
certificate  of  having  graduated  at  any  high  school  or  academy;  (c)  preliminary 
examination  sufScient  to  show  satisfactory  knowledge  of  the  English  branches. — 
For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three 
years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures,  not  within  the  same  twelvemonth:  (5) 
examination  on  all  branches  taught  in  the  college;  (6)  full  c  urse  of  dissection; 
(7)  satisfactory  course  in  chemical  and  physiological  laboratory;  (8)  practical 
clinical  work  for  one  term  in  hospital  and  out-door  clinics;  (9)  thesis. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  |5;  lectures,  $50;  hospital,  $10;  laboratory.  $5;  grad- 
uation, $26. 

Stitdenth:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.                Matriculates.  (Graduates.  Percent. 

1879-80                        118  27  23— 

■          1881-82                         48  n    '  23— 

1882-83                         58  13  22.4 
Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  three  years 
twenty-two. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  13. 

Detroit  Homeopathic  Medical  College. 

Detroit,  Mich.  -  - 

Organized  in  1871.     Extinct  since  1876. 

Graduates  in  Illinois,  2.  ' 

HoM(EOPATHic  Medical  College  of  the  University  of  Michigan. 

Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Organized  in  1875.  The  fijst  class  was  graduated  in  1877.  Claflsen 
have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  two 
professors,  one  lecturer,  two  assistants  to  chairs,  three  clinical  assist- 
ants, a  prosector,  and  a  resident  physician  and  surgeon  in  the  hospital. 
Five  professors  of  the  department  of  medicine  and  surgery  (regular 
school)  give  instruction  to  homoeopathic  students. 

Course  of  Instbuotion:    One  course  of  eight  months  annually,  divided  into 


iliiir  n  il"  bill 


140 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


two  JtemeaterA;  courfte  graded,  extending  over  three  years.  One  course  each  year, 
althongh  two  ooursea  may  Hufflco  under  certain  conditions  (see  requirements  for 
graduation).  Daily  quizzes  liy  the  assistants  of  the  several  chairs. — Lectures  as 
follows:  The  first  year  of  the  course  will  include  anatomy,  histology,  general  chem- 
istry, minor  surgery,  materia  medica,  principles  of  medicine,  preparation  of 
medicines  and  their  action,  descriptive  and  anatomical  botany,  clinics,  physical 
diagnosis,  with  the  necessary  practical  work  in  the  chemical  and  physiological 
laboratories.  This  year's  work  in  materia  medica  will  be  devoted  to  teaching  the 
source,  nature,  origin,  and  method  of  preparing  remedies,  with  their  physiological 
action,  and  a  general  survey  of  their  pathogeneses. — In  the  seccmd  year  the  above 
studies,  excepting  histology  and  minor  surgery,  will  be  reviewed,  and  the  student 
will  take  up  general  therapeutic  ,  .a  connection  with  materia  medica,  diseases  of 
women  and  children,  obstetrics  and  their  clinical  work,  materia  medica,  qualitative 
chemistry,  and  analysis  of  urine,  pathological  anatomy,  principles  and  practice  of 
medicine  (including  hygiene  or  preventive  medicine),  principles  of  surgery,  and 
ophthalmology  and  otology.  The  materia-medica  work  of  this  year  will  consist  of 
special  analyses  and  syntheses  of  drug-provings.  In  addition,  the  student  will 
attend  such  didactic  and  clinical  lectures  on  the  practical  branches  as  his  progress 
shall  render  i;dvisable. — In  the  third  year  the  student  will  enter  uj)ou  the  study  of 
operative  surgery,  electro-therapeutics,  spinal  diseases  and  curvatures,  and  review 
advanced  studies,  with  practical  instruction  in  diagnosis  and  treatment. 

Requirements:  For  admission,  (a)  good  moral  character;  (6)  unless  already 
a  matriculate  of  the  university,  or  a  graduate  of  some  respectable  college,  academy 
or  liigh  school,  every  candidate  will  be  examined  as  to  his  previous  education  and 
his  fitness  to  enter  upon  and  appreciate  the  technical  study  of  medicine.  The 
diploma  or  certificate  of  graduation  from  such  institutions  must  be  presented  to 
the  dean  of  the  faculty  in  order  to  secure  exemption  from  examination.  The 
examination  will  be  in  writing,  and  will  cover  the  ordinary  braniihes  of  an  English 
education. —For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  char- 
acter; (8)  three  years'  study;  (4)  must  have  attended  at  least  seventy-five  per  cent, 
of  the  regular  lectures;  (5)  have  spent  the  required  time  in  practical  anatomy, 
chemical  analysis,  etc.,  in  the  various  laboratories  and  hospitals;  (6)  have  attended 
the  usual  quizzes  and  drills  by  the  assistants  of  the  several  chairs;  (7)  must  also 
have  passed  satisfactory  examination  on  all  the  studies  included  in  the  curriculum; 
or.  if  admitted  to  advanced  standing,  he  must  attend  at  least  two  full  courses  of 
medical  lectures  in  this  college,  and  pass  the  required  e~  ninations.  Students 
who  have  completed  full  college  courses  for  the  first  and  second  years  in  an  accred- 
ited medical  college  will  be  permitted,  upon  examination,  to  enter  the  third  year 
and  complete  the  studies  of  that  year  in  this  department,  and  to  present  themselves 
for  examination  for  the  degree  at  the  end  of  the  year.  Students  who  have 
attended  one  full  course  of  lectures  in  any  accredited  medical  college  previous  to 
1880  will  be  admitted  to  advanced  standing  in  the  course  required  in  this  depart- 
ment, and  may  be  graduated  on  the  conditions  in  force'  prior  to  that  date. 
Students  who  have  studied  medicine  elsewhere  at  least  one  college  year,  and  who 
possess  superior  qualifications,  may  be  admitted,  on  examination,  to  advanced 
standing. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  for  residents  in  Michigan,  |10;  ')r  non-residents,  $26; 
(paid  but  once).  Lectures,  for  residents  of  Michigan,  $25;  for  non-residents,  |85. 
Graduation,  for  all  alike,  |10.  Course  in  chemical  laboratory,  $15;  in  physiolog- 
ical laboratory,  $15;  in  electro-therapeutics,  $1. 


■"iiWUV*!  w  u.ii  1  -u  ■; 


I  coarse  each  year, 
requirementH  for 
airrt. — Leoturen  as 
3gy,  general  cheni- 
,e,  preparation  of 
•,  clinics,  physical 
and  phyHiologioal 
id  to  teaching  the 
their  physiological 
md  year  the  above 
d,  and  the  student 
nedicu,  diseases  of 
nedica,  qualitative 
es  and  practice  of 
Bs  of  surgery,  and 
^ear  will  consist  of 
I,  the  student  will 
hes  as  his  progress 
upon  the  study  of 
atures,  and  review 
atuient. 

(6)  unless  already 
:e  college,  academy 
ious  education  and 
)f  medicine.  The 
st  be  presented  to 
sxamination.  The 
r.hes  of  an  English 
good  moral  char- 
^eiity-five  per  cent, 
practical  anatomy, 
;  (6)  have  attended 
airs;  (7)  must  also 
,  in  the  curriculum ; 
two  full  courses  of 
[nations.  Students 
years  in  an  accred- 
jnter  the  third  year 
present  themselves 
Students  who  have 
college  previous  to 
red  in  this  depart- 
jrior  to  that  date, 
lege  year,  and  who 
lation,  to  advanced 

non-residents,  $26; 
non-residents,  $36. 
$15;  in  phyaiolog- 


MICHIOAN. 


141 


8ti;dents:    Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 


Session. 
1877-78 
1878-79 
1879-80 
1880-81 
1881-82 
1882-88 


Matriculates. 
78 
63 
70 
88 
71 
67 


Graduates. 
22 
85 

la 

98 
10 

if 


Percent. 
30+ 
40- 
26.7 
26 

21+ 
29 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  yt-ars 
twenty-night.  •  ' 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  3. 
Graduates  in  Illinois,  6. 

Michigan  College  of    Medicine. 
Detroit,   Mich. 

Organized  in  1880.— Facility  embraces  fourteen  professors,  one 
adjunct  professor,  one  lecturer,  one  instructor,  and  two  demonstrators 
of  anatomy. 

Course  of  Instbuotion:  One  regular  course  of  six  months'  duration  annually. 
Three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required.  Clinics  at  hospital 
and  dispensary.— Lectures  embrace  physiology,  chemical  physics,  institutes  of 
medicine,  therapeutics,  gynecology,  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine, 
surgery  and  clinical  surgery,  clinical  gynecology,  obstetrics  (clinical  and  didactic), 
and  puerperal  diseases,  diseases  of  children,'medical  chemistry,  otology,  ophthal- 
mology, laryngology,  medical  jurisprudence,  dermatology,  genito-nrinary  diseases, 
topographical  anatomy,  materia  medica,  histology,  general  and  surgical  anatomy,' 
principles  of  surgery,  principles  of  medicine,  and  pathology. 

Rbquibements:  For  admission,  students  entering  the  college,  who  are  not  in 
possession  of  the  degree  of  a  college  or  university,  or  of  a  certificate  from  a  high 
school  or  other  recognized  educational  institution,  will  be  required  to  pass  a  satis- 
factory examination  in  the  following  subjects:  (1)  English  grammar:  (2)  English 
composition  (a  short  composition  upon  any  subject);  (3)  elementary  mechanics  of 
sohds  and  fluids;  (4)  arithmetic  to,  and  including,  common  and  decimal  fractions; 
(6)  algebra  to,  and  including,  simple  equations;  (6)  geometry,  first  two  books;  (7) 
general  geography  and  history  of  the  United  States;  (8)  Latin  grammar  and  trans- 
lation of  easy  Latin  prose;  (9)  optional  studies  (one  of  which  will  be  accepted  in 
Ueu  of  any  of  the  above  studies,  except  English  grammar,  compositicn  and  Latin), 
Greek,  French,  German,  botany,  zoology.— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of 
age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of 
lectures;  (6)  satisfactory  examination  in  all  branches  taught. 

Fees:     Motrioulation,  $5;  lectures,  $50;  graduation,  $20. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates  - 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent 

1880-81  —  28  _     ' 

1881-82  72  go  SB 

1882-83  66  28  60.9 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  years 
thirty-seven.  ..    ,  .  •,  ■  ' 

Nnmber  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  6. 


142 


MKDICAL  lAWH  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


MINNESOTA. 

Population,  750,478.  Number  of  physiciaDH,  914.  Number  of 
inhubitanta  to  each  physician,  854. 

The  following  is  the  substance  of  the  statute,  as  given  in  the  caleii 
(lar  (1882-83)  of  the  University  of  Minnesota: 
An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Prnctioe  uf  Medicine  in  the  Stiite  uf  Miunenota. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  lieginlHture  of  the  State  of  Minnesota : 

Section  1.  That  every  person  praotioin);  medicine  in  any  of  its  departments 
shall  present  his  diploma  to  the  examining  board  hereinafter  constituted,  for 
veritication  as  to  its  genuineness.  If  the  diploma  is  found  genuine,  and  if  the 
person  named  therein  be  the  person  claiming  and  presenting  the  same,  the  board 
shall  issue  its  certificate  to  that  effect,  signed  by  all  the  members  thereof,  and  such 
diploma  and  certificate  shall  be  conclusive  as  to  the  right  of  the  lawful  holder  of 
the  same  to  practice  medicine  in  this  State.  If  not  a  graduate,  the  person  practic- 
ing medicine  in  this  State  shall  present  himself  before  said  board  and  submit 
himself  to  examination  as  the  said  board  shall  require;  and  if  the  examination  be 
satisfactory  to  the  examiners,  the  said  board  shall  issue  its  certificate  in  accordance 
with  the  facts,  and  the  lawful  holder  of  such  certificate  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the 
rights  and  privileges  hereinafter  mentioned. 

§  2.  The  faculty  of  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Minnesota 
shall  organize  as  a  board  of  examiners  as  herein  provided,  within  three  months 
after  passage  of  this  act;  they  shall  procure  a  seal  and  shall  receive,  through  their 
secretary,  applications  for  certificates  and  examinations;  the  president  or  secretary 
shall  have  authority  to  administer  oaths,  and  the  board  to  take  testimony  in  all 
matters  relating  to  its  duties;  it  shall  i^sue  certificates  to  all  who  furnish  satisfactory 
proof  of  having  received  diplomas  or  .'icenses  from  legally  chartered  institutions 
in  good  standing;  it  shall  prepare  two  forms  of  ^certificates,  one  for  persons  in 
possession  of  diplomas  or  licenses,  the  other  for  candidates  examined  by  the  board; 
it  shall  furnish  to  the  county  clerks  of  the  several  counties  a  list  of  all  persons 
receiving  certificates, 

§  8.  Said  board  shall  examine  diploma.t  as  to  their  genuineness,  and  if  the 
diplomas  shall  be  found  genuine  as  represented,  the  secretary  of  the  board  shall 
receive  a  fee  of  one  dollar  from  sucl'  graduate  or  licentiate,  and  no  further  charge 
shall  be  made  to  the  applicant;  but  if  it  be  found  to  be  frnuduleut,  or  not  lawfully 
owned  by  the  possessor,  the  boai'd  shall  be  entitled  to  charge  and  collect  twenty 
dollars  of  the  applicant  presenting  such  diploma.  The  verification  of  the  diploma 
shall  consist  in  the  affidavit  of  the  holder  and  applicant  presenting  such  diploma, 
that  he  is  the  lawful  possessor  of 'the  same  and  that  he  is  the  person  therein  named. 

§  4.  -AH  examinations  of  persons  not  graduates  or  licentiates  shall  be  made 
directly  by  the  board,  and  the  certificates  given  by  the  board  shall  authorize  the 
possessor  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  iu  the  State  of  Minnesota. 

§  6.     Requires  holders  of  certificates  to  have  them  recorded  with  county  clerks. 

§  6.     Requires  county  clerks  to  keep  a  list  of  certificates  recorded. 

§  7.     Provides  for  a  fee  of  !f5  to  be  paid  into  the  State  treasury. 

§  8.  Examinations  may  oe  made  iu  whole  or  in  part  in  writing,  and  shall  be 
of  an  elementary  and  practical  character,  but  sufficiently  strict  to  test  the  qualifi- 
cations of  the  candidate  as  a  practitioner. 

§  9.  Certificates  may  be  refused  to  persons  guilty  of  unprofessional  or 
dishonorable  conduct.     Appeal  may  be  made  to  the  board  of  regents. 


MFNNKHOTA. 


I4H 


Number   of 
m  in  tho  caleu- 

neHutn. 

f  its  depftrtinents 
r  constituted,  for 
nnine,  and  if  the 
)  same,  the  boiird 
;  thereof,  and  such 
e  lawful  holder  of 
he  person  praotic- 
joard  and  submit 
le  examination  be 
Bate  in  accordance 
entitled  to  all  the 

sity  of  Minnesota 
thin  three  months 
Bive,  through  their 
sident  or  secretary 
B  testimony  in  all 
Ornish  satisfactory 
rtered  institutions 
one  for  persons  in 
lined  by  the  board; 
list  of  all  persons 

ineuesB,  and  if  the 
of  the  board  shall 
1  no  further  charge 
)ut,  or  not  lawfully 
ind  collect  twenty 
ion  of  the  diploma 
ting  such  diploma, 
son  therein  named. 
ites  shall  be  made 
!hnll  authorize  the 
iiesota. 

with  county  clerks, 
ecorded. 
asury. 
riting,  and  shall  be 

to  test  the  qualifi- 

unprof esaional    or 

gents. 


§  10.  Kay  person  shall  be  regarded  as  practicing  within  the  meaning  of  this 
act,  who  shall  profess  publicly  to  be  a  physician,  and  to  prescribe  for  the  sioli,  or 
who  shall  append  to  his  name  the  letters  "  M.D."  But  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be 
construed  to  prohibit  students  from  prescriliing  under  the  supervision  of  preceptors 
or  to  prohibit  gratuitous  services  in  case  of  emergency.  And  this  act  shall  not 
apply  to  commissioned  surgeons  in  tho  United  Htates  army  and  navy. 

§  11.  Requires  itinerant  venders  of  drugs,  etc.,  and  dealers,  to  pay  a  license 
fee  of  1 100  a  mouth. 

§  12.  Any  person  practicing  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State  without  com- 
plying  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than 
fifty  dollors  (|G0)  and  not  more  than  five  hundred  (|500),  or  by  imprisonment  in 
the  county  jail  for  n  period  of  not  less  than  thirty  (30)  days  nor  more  than  three 
hundred  and  sixty-iive  (365)  days,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment  for  each 
and  every  offense;  and  any  person  filing  or  attempting  to  file,  as  his  own,  the 
diploma  or  certificate  of  another,  or  a  forged  affidavit  of  identification,  shall  be 
guilty  of  felony,  and  upon  conviction,  shall  be  subject  to  huch  fine  and  imprison- 
ment as  are  made  and  provided  by  the  statutes  of  this  State  for  the  crime  of 
forgery ;  but  the  penalties  shall  not  be  enforced  till  on  and  after  the  thirty -first 
(31st)  day  of  December,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-three  (1883):  Provided,  that 
the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  apply  to  those  who  have  been  practicing  medi- 
cine five  (5)  years  within  this  State. 

Approved  March  6,  1883. 

Remakks:  Under  sectiou  nine  of  the  foregoing  act,  the  Board  of 
Medical  Examiners,  in  October,  1883,  refused  to  issue  its  certificate 
to  an  applicant  who  presented  the  diploma  of  a  college  in  good 
standing,  basing  its  refusal  on  charges  of  unprofessional  and  dishon- 
orable conduct  in  the  matter  of  fi-audulent  advertising  in  newspapers 
and  by  printed  circulars.  Thereupon  the  applicant  sued  for  an  alter- 
native writ  of  mandamus,  to  compel  the  board  to  issue  its  certificate  or 
show  cause  for  its  refusal.  Upon  the  hearing  of  the  case  the  court 
ordered  that  the  writ  and  order  should  be  quashed,  and  in  its  decision 
used  the  following  language: 

It  is  claimed  by  the  relator  that  the  law  referred  to  is  ex  post  facto  and  consti- 
tutionally void.  Ex  post  facto  laws  relate  to  crimes  and  criminal  proceedings 
only,  and  the  provisions  of  this  statute,  which  require  that  persons  desiring  to 
practice  medicine  in  this  State  shall  first  procure  a  license  in  the  manner  and 
conditions  proscribed,  do  not  partake  of  that  character.  The  allegations  of  the 
answer  relate  to  the  time  the  certificate  was  asked  for  and  before.  It  is  claimed 
that  the  act  delegates  judicial  power  to  the  board  of  examiners,  and  is  therefore 
unconstitutional.  It  is  true  the  act  contemplat<  He  exercise  of  discretion  on  the 
part  of  the  board,  but  they  are  not  vested  with  •  judicial "  power  as  within  the 
meaning  of  Article  6  of  the  constitution.  The  relator  has  no  natural  or  contract 
rif  ht  to  practice  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State  free  from  all  legislative  control  or 
supervision.  It  is  true  that  every  member  of  a  civilized  community  lias  the  right 
to  pursue  a  lawful  calling  in  a  lawful  manner.  This  is  all  he  can  claim,  and  the 
proposition  itself  implies  the  right  of  the  law-making  power  to  subject  such  calling, 
to  reasonable  regulation  as  the  public  good  requires.  It  is  a  legitimate  exercise  of 
the  police  power  of  the  State;  and  the  legislature  has  the  same  right  to  restrict  the 


144 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INBTITHTIONH. 


praotiou  of  mvdioiue  to  perKonn  pof<R«itHinK  thp  rnqtiinitp  nkill,  and  who  lire  not 
guilty  of  nnprofoAHionnl  conduct,  that  it  haH  to  prevent  the  spread  of  oontoffiouii 
dineafle. 

Thc>  court  alHO  hold  that  tli"  board  has  the  right  to  iQveHtigat« 
dipluiuus  and  the  character  of  applicantn  without  the  person  appearing; 
before  it. 

Winona  Medical  School. 

Winona,  Minn. 
Organized  in  1872.     Extinct. 
No  diploinan  were  issued. 

Minnesota  College  Hospital. 
Minneapolis.  Minn.      (Pop.  46,887.) 

Organized  in  1881.  Successor  to  the  St.  Paul  Medical  College, 
organized  in  1880. — Faculty  embraces  twenty-one  professors  and  one 
demonstrator. 

OouBHE  OF  Inhtbuotiom:  One  regular  course  of  five  monthB'  duration,  and  one 
■prin^  course  of  eiglit  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Graded  course  recommended 
but  not  required. — Lectures  embrace  anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  materia 
medica,  pathological  anatomy,  clinical  surgery,  thera])euticH,  obstetrics,  surgery, 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine  and  surgery,  dermatology, 
ophthalmology,  otology,  toxicology,  histology,  hygiene,  nervous  diseases,  medical 
jurisprudence,  physical  diagnosis,  genito-urinary  diseases. 

Rbquibements:  For  admission,  (a)  degree  in  arts  or  sciences,  (6)  certificate 
from  a  high  school  or  other  institution  in  good  standing,  (c)  teacher's  certificate, 
(d)  examination  in  the  common  English  branches,  including  reading,  writing, 
spelling,  grammar,  geography,  arithmetic,  United  States  history,  and  physiofi.-  - 
For  graduation,  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (8)  disaeo- 
tion  of  each  part  of  the  cadaver;  (4)  thasis;  (6)  three  years'  study;  (6)  two  full 
courses  of  lectures. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  |6;  lectures,  f.'iO. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  aud  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates—  ' 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1881-82  25  f)  20 

1882-83  58  4  7      ' 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  y  *«rs, 
thirleen. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  1. 

Medical  Department  or   the  University  of  Minnesota.        '     ' 
Minneapolis,  Minn.    ., 
Organized   in     1883.       Faculty    embraces   nine   professors.       The 
college  is   organized   by  the  Regents  of   the  University  under   their 
diarter,  with  the  power  to  confer  degrees  in  medicine.     The  law  regu- 
lating tJie  practice  of  medicine  in  the  State  of  Minnesota  makes  this 


MINNEHOIA. 


Ufi 


id  who  lire  not 
d  of  oontajfioun 

to  inVBBtigHt* 
Bou  RppwHriuK 


edical  College, 
'essorB  and  oii*» 

durHtion,  and  one 
rBe  recommendfd 
hemiBtry,  mRtorin 
•bstetricB,  surgery, 
ery,  derni'itology, 
diseaBes.  medical 

noes,  (6)  certificate 
iucher'f*  certificate, 
;  readinK,  writing, 
ry,  and  physiofi.-  - 
iraoter;  (8)  disaeo- 
^tudy,  (6)  two  full 


ih  sesBion  reported, 

Percent. 
20 

7 
the  past  two  y  ^urB, 


.INKE80TA. 

jrofesBore.  The 
sity  uuder  their 
The  law  regu- 
psota  makeH  thin 


faculty  the  Board  of  Medical  ExaiiiinerH  for  the  State.  The  work  in 
entirely  different  from,  ai..l  in  no  way  connected  with,  their  functionH 
an  the  medical  faculty  of  the  univerHity.  As  a  faculty  they  examine, 
and  rocomuumd  U)  the  Kegentw,  candidaten  for  degreeH  in  medicine. 
Ah  an  examining  hoard,  after  "  an  examination  of  an  elementary  and 
practical  character,"  they  gi-ant  certificaten  entitling  candidates  t(j  prac- 
tice medicine  in  the  State  under  tiw  law  to  regulate  the  practice  ot 
medicine.  A  compariHon  of  the  *'  UegulatioiiH,"  following,  with  the 
Act,  on  pp.  142  8,  will  explain  in  detail  the  difference"  refeiTed  to. 

Reuulationh:  It  in  the  duty  of  the  faculty  of  thiH  college  to  test  and  ascertain, 
by  examinations,  experiments  and  other  appropriate  means,  the  qualifications, 
proficiency  pud  skill  of  all  candidates  for  degrees  in  medicine  and  surgery,  and  to 
recommend  lliem  to  the  hoard  of  regents  for  graduation,  accordingly.  No  instruc- 
tion is  offered  in  this  college.  The  faculty  is  an  examining  body  only. 
Examinations  include:  (1)  The  entrance  examination;  (2)  The  scientific  exam- 
ination; (8)  Two  or  more  professional  examinations, 

1.  The  entrance  examination  embraces  the  English  language,  including 
writing,  spelling,  grammar,  analysis  and  composition,  arithmetic,  elementary 
algebra,  plane  geometry,  geography,  United  States  history,  general  history,  Latin 
grammar  and  reading  or  an  equivalent  knowledge  of  German,  French  or  Scandi- 
navian.  Applicants  who  may  have  recently  passed  the  examination  for  admissiuu  ' 
to  the  freshman  class  of  the  collegiate  department  are  excused  from  the  entrance 
examination. 

2.  The  scientific  examination  embraces  physical  geography,  natural  philoso- 
phy, elementary  botany,  chemistry,  drawing-  -  free-hand  or  mechanical.  Gruduates 
of  any  reputable  college  or  university  are  excused  from  the  entrance  and  scientific 
examinations. 

8.  The  professional  examinations  embrace  anatomy,  physiology,  pathology, 
materia  medica,  therapeutics,  medical  chemistry,  preventive  medicine,  practice  of 
medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women,  diseases  of  children,  diseases  of 
the  nervous  system,  medical  jurisprudence. 

Deobeeh:  All  candidates  who  pass  the  entrance,  scientific  and  professional 
examinations,  including  the  appropriate  clinical  and  experimental  tests  incidental 
thereto,  and  give  satisfactory  evidence  of  having  pursued  professional  studies  as 
required  by  the  by-lawB,  being  twenty-one  years  of  age  or  upwards,  and  of  good 
moral  character,  are  recommended  by  the  faculty  of  the  college  to  the  board  of 
regents,  to  receive  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  medicine  (M.B.),  which  degree  duly 
conferred  is  the  warrant  of  the  University  of  Minnesota  for  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine and  surgery. 

Whenever  the  examinations  in  any  case  evince  a  high  degree  of  proficiency  in 
the  literature,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  the  faculty  of  the  college  permit 
the  candidate  to  present  and  defend  a  thesis;  this  being  done  to  their  satisfaction, 
they  recommend  the  candidate  to  receive  at  once  the  full  degree  of  doctor  of 
medicine  (M.D.). 

Any   bachelor  of   medicine   of    this   university,   who  furnishes    satisfactory 
evidence  that  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  professional  practice  for  three  years 
after   his  graduation,  and  who   presents   and   defends   a   thesis   in   the  manner 
prescribed,  is  recommended  to  receive  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine  (M.D.). 
10 


V-t-T*--!-!-   '-'- 


140 


MKDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Dootorn  of  inndlpliio  of  other  ooMpjjbn  of  medicine  ri'ooKiiiKed  liy  the  lioHrd  of 
re^etitit,  npon  the  r(>roiiimendHti'<n  of  the  fnoulty  of  thix  college,  nre  recoiiiinended 
to  receive  the  decree  of  doctor  of  medicine  of  thin  univerititjr,  upon  AuoceHKfully 
dnfendinx  ii  theiiiH  in  the  iniinner  preHCribed. 

All  cnndidiituH  for  the  tlrxt  decree  inuHt  furniah  niktiRfiiotury  evidence  thnt  they 
iiikvti  Heveriilly  purHuod  the  Htiidy  uf  medicine  for  four  yenrn  in  the  uflloe  of  und 
under  tlie  pnrxonu'  direction  of  a  phynician  in  active  practice,  who  ix  a  Krixiuate  of 
Home  collej^e  or  xchool  of  medicine  recognized  by  the  board  of  regents,  upon  the 
recommendation  of  the  faculty  of  thifl  college: 

Provided,  however,  that — 

(1.)  Une  oourxe  of  lectureH,  with  other  work  incidental  thereto,  in  a  college  uf 
medicine  recognized  an  above,  Hhall  be  reckoned  i\n  equivalent  to  eight  monthn  of 
Hucii  Htudy, 

(2.)  One  term  of  Mix  montlm  in  a  school  of  medical  inntruction,  organized  and 
conducted  in  conformity  with  the  by-lawH,  shall  be  equivalent  to  one  year  of  hucIi 
Htudy  under  a  preceptor. 

(8.)  Three  coursen  of  lecturen,  with  work  incidental  thereto,  in  cullegeH  of 
medicine  recognized  hh  above,  nhall  be  equivalent  to  three  yeartt  of  Htudy  under  a 
preceptor;  one  year  at  leant  munt,  in  all  caneR,  have  beau  paHsed  in  a  preoeptor'n 
office. 

(4.)  OraduateH  of  colleges  and  univernitieR  receive  a  credit  of  one  year  on 
profeHHioual  Htudy,  in  oonnideration  of  superior  literary  and  ncientittc  attaiumenta. 

The  faculty  of  this  college  have  authority  to  provide  examinations  for  candi- 
dates for  licenses  in  sanitary  science,  dental  snrgery  and  other  specialties.  Ouly 
bachelorfl  or  doctors  of  medicine  can  liecome  such  candidates.  All  theses  must  be 
upon  subjects  iipproved  by  the  faculty,  must  be  founded  on  original  work,  and 
certified  as  the  unaided  productions  of  the  candidates. 


MISSISSIPPI. 

Population,  1,181,597.  Number  of  physicians,  1,082.  Numlwr  of 
inhabitants  tn  oach  physician,  073, 

An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the|8tate  of  Mississippi. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Mississippi. 

Skotion  1.  That  no  person  shall  practice  medicine  in  the  State  of  Mississippi, 
unless  he  shall  have  received  a  license  to  practice,  and  have  registered  the  same  as 
IS  hereinafter  provided  in  this  act. 

§  2.  That  there  shall  be  established  boards  of  censors  in  the  State  of  Miss- 
issippi, one  hoard  in  each  congressional  district,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  exaniiue 
into  the  qualifications  of  applicants  for  such  license, 

§  ii.  That  the  board  of  censors  in  each  district  shall  be  composed  of  the  two 
sanitary  commissioners  of  said  district;  and  in  case  the  members  of  said  board 
shall  differ  in  their  opinions  as  to  the  qualifications  of  the  applicant,  the  record  of 
examination  hereinafter  provided  for  shall  be  forwarded  to  the  secretary  of  the 
State  board  of  health,  who  shall  decide  between  them,  and  iisue  or  withhold  the 
license,  as  the  case  mov  be. 

§  4.  That  examinations  for  license  shall  be  in  writing,  and  each  board  of 
censors  in  their  examination  for  license  to  practice  medicine  shall  be  governed  by 
such  rules  and  regulations  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  State  board  of  health: 


MIHHIK8IF1M. 


147 


l»y  tho  iMiarU  of 
■e  recommended 
ion  «uocen»fully 

iduuce  tl\rtt  they 

the  ofllce  of  tttid 

i«  H  ({rmluate  of 

[•HcntB,  upon  the 


«,  ill  II  coUnne  of 
eight  raouthn  of 

)n,  orgftiiized  and 
one  yeiir  of  nuoii 

to,  in  coUeKen  of 
of  study  under  a 
in  n  preceptor's 

t  of  one  year  on 
ititio  iittiiiumenta. 
[itttiouB  for  candi- 
specialtieB.  Ouly 
\ll  tlieHes  must  be 
riginal  work,  and 


J2.     Nmul)er  of 


isissippi. 

ate  of  Mississippi, 
stered  the  same  as 

the  State  of  Miss- 
hall  be  to  examine 

m  posed  of  the  two 
bers  of  said  board 
cunt,  the  record  of 
;ie  secretary  of  the 
le  or  withhold  the 

and  each  board  of 
mil  be  governed  by 
,e  board  of  health: 


/'r(»'i</<vi,  ituld  board  mIihI!  not  disorintinate  against  any  applicant  on  aooonnt  of 
the  xyMtem  of  praotire  he  may  advocate,  and  the  Htate  board  of  health  shall  have 
jarl'dlotiou  in  oaneH  of  appeal  from  any  decision  of  the  board  of  oensors.  Any 
api  -ant  for  license  whose  application  has  been  endorsed  "unfavorabii ,"  uiuy 
.ippeiil  from  such  decision  to  the  Htate  board:  I'nrvklrd,  such  appeal  is  claimed 
by  the  applicant  by  a  notice  in  writing,  lodged  with  the  secretary  of  the  Htate 
board  of  health  within  thirty  days  from  the  decision  of  the  board  of  censors. 
The  Htate  board  shall  decide  such  appeals  on  the  written  examination,  tiled  with 
the  secretary,  at  the  meeting  succeeding  the  tiling  of  the  notice  of  appeal. 

^  5.  That  applicants  for  license  under  this  act  shall  make  their  applications 
in  writing,  stating:  Int,  his  name  in  full;  2d,  nativity  and  age;  3d,  residence  and 
postofflco;  4th,  time  spent  in  professional  studies;  6th,  physician  or  preceptor 
under  whom  studies  were  pursued,  with  postofflce  address;  6th,  couries  of  medical 
lectures  attended;  7th,  name  of  medical  schools  attended;  8th,  if  a  graduate,  name 
of  college  grunting  diploma;  9th,  time  spent  in  hospital,  if  any;  10th,  time  of 
practice,  if  any;  11th,  school  of  practice  chosen;  12th,  references  us  to  character. 

sj  6.  That  »';plicants  for  license  shall  be  examined  only  on  the  following 
branches  of  medicine,  viz:  anatomy,  chemistry,  obstetrics,  materia  medica, 
physiology,  pathology,  surgery,  hygiene. 

§  7.  That  applicants  for  license  shall  deposit  with  their  applications,  each  a 
fee  of  fifteen  dollars  and  twenty-tive  cents,  fifteen  dollars  of  which  i<hall  be  appro- 
priated to  the  use  of  the  board  of  censors  as  their  remunerrttion,  and  out  of  which 
the  expense  of  advertising  the  time  and  place  of  meetings  of  said  board  of 
censors,  as  is  hereinafter  provided,  shall  be  paid;  and  twenty-flve  cents  of  said  fee 
shall  be  forwarded  to  the  secretary  of  the  board  of  health,  as  a  fee  for  services 
hereinafter  provided  for. 

J5  8.  That  nn  applicant  for  license  whose  examination  proves  satisfactory  to 
the  board  of  censors,  shall  have  a  certiticate  to  that  effect  furnished  him  by  the 
board  of  censorR,  which  certificate  shall  entitle  him  to  practice  medicine  in  the  State 
of  Mississippi  for  the  period  of  thirty  (30)  days  from  the  date  thereof,  and  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  board  of  censors  to  endorse  the  application  "'  favorable  "  or 
"  unfavorable,"  as  may  be  determined  by  the  board  of  censors,  and  forward  it, 
togather  with  the  record  of  examination,  with  twenty -five  cents  (26  cents)  to  the 
secretary  of  the  State  board  of  health,  who  shall  register  said  application,  in  a  book 
kept  for  that  purpose,  and  file  it  for  future  reference. 

§  9.  That  in  case  a  "favorable"  indorsement  is  given  the  application,  the 
Htate  board  of  health,  through  their  secretary,  shall  forward  at  once,  to  tl:o  appli- 
cant, a  license  to  practice  medicine  in  the  State  of  Mississippi,  and  such  license 
shall  bear  ujjon  its  face  all  the  statements  that  appear  upon  the  application,  and 
shall  be  signed  by  the  secretary  and  sealed  with  the  seal  of  the  State  board  of 
health. 

§  10.  That  every  person  holding  a  license  to  practice  medicine,  shall  have  a 
transcript  of  the  same  recorded  in  the  oflSce  of  the  circuit  clerk  of  the  county  in 
which  he  resides,  in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose,  and  the  circuit  clerk  shall  attach 
to  said  license  his  certificate  of  record,  and  the  clerk  shall  be  entitled  to  a  fee  of 
one  dollar  and  fifty  cents,  to  be  paid  by  the  said  licentiate. 

§  11.  That  if  a  license  be  not  presented  for  record  within  thirty  days  from 
its  date,  the  license  shall  be  void  and  of  no  effect. 

§  12.  That  when  a  licensed  practitioner  of  medicine  changes  his  residence 
into  a  county  other  than  that  in  which  his  license  is  recorded,  said  license  must  be 


148 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


rtioordud  as  at  firt<t  iu  the  ottice  of  the  circuit  clerk  of  the  connty  m  wbicii  Ite 
intendH  to  renide,  before  he  can  ei.gage  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  hie)  new  loca- 
tion; B  certificate  of  which  record  shall  be  furnished  by  the  circuit  clerk  to  the 
BecreUjry  of  the  State  board  of  health,  for  which  service  the  clerk  shall  be  entitled 
to  a  fee  of  one  dollar  and  sixty  cents. 

g  13.  That  physicians  living  in  other  States  near  the  borders  of  the  State  of 
MissisHip|)i,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  whose  practice  extends  into  the 
State  of  Mississippi,  may  obtain  license  to  j)ractice  in  this  State  in  the  same 
manner  as  is  reciuired  of  resident  physicians,  said  licenses  to  be  rjcorded  in  the 
office  of  the  clerks  of  the  circuit  courts  in  the  county  or  counties  in  which  they 
practice  in  this  State;  and  this  act  shall  not  be  construed  so  as  to  prevent  physi- 
cians or  surgeons  from  other  States  from  treating  cases  in  this  State  in  charge  of 
regular  licentiates  of  this  State, 

§  14.  That  in  case  a  license  is  lost,  upon  application,  accompanied  by  a  fee 
of  ten  cents,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  secretary  of  the  State  board  of  health  to 
issue  a  duplicate  license  in  lieu  of  the  one  lost,  and  forward  the  same  to  said 
applicai. ', 

§  '-.-.  That  a  temporary  license  may  be  granted  an  a{)plioant  by  the  State 
board  of  health,  through  their  secretary,  by  virtue  of  which  a  person  may  practice 
medicine;  but  such  temporary  license  shall  specify  upon  its  face  the  time  for  which 
it  is  granted,  imd  shall  be  void  after  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  board  of 
censors  of  the  district  in  which  the  licentiate  may  reside;  but  no  succeeding  oppli- 
catiou  for  temporary  license  for  the  same  person  shall  be  entertained  by  the  State 
board  of  health,^and  the  secretary  of  the  State  board  of  health  shall  be  entitled  to 
a  fee  of  twenty-five  cents  for^each  temporary  license  granted. 

§  16.  That  for  the  purpose  of  examining  applicants  for  license  under  this 
act,  the  board  of  censors  shall  hold  quarterly  sessions,  viz:  on  the  second  Monday 
in  March,  June,  September  and  December  in  each  year,  at  some  convenient  place 
near  the  centre  of  the  congressional  district  in  which  they  reside.  Thirty  days' 
notice  of  said  sessions  shall  be  given  by  publication  in  one  ^  more  newspapers 
published  in  said  district. 

§  17.  That  every  physician  now  practicing  medicine  in  the  State  of  Missis- 
sippi shall  receive  his  license,  without  an  examination  as  to  qualification,  from  the 
State  board  of  health,  through  their  secretary,  upon  application  for  such  license, 
accompanied  by  a  fee  of  ten  cents;  said  application  to  contain,  under  oath,  the 
applicant's:  Ist,  name  in  full;  2d,  nativity  and  age;  3d,  residence  and  postoffice; 
4th,  time  spent  in  professional  studies;  6th,  physician  or  preceptc:  nnder  whom 
studies  wore  pursued,  with  postoffice  address  of  same;  6th,  courses  of  medical 
lectures  attended;  7th,  name  of  medical  school  attended;  8th,  if  a  graduate,  name 
of  college  granting  diploma;  9th,  time  spent  in  hospital,  if  any;  lOtb,  time  of 
practice,  if  any;  11th,  school  of  practice  chosen;  12th,  reference  as  to  character: 
Provided,  that  sa-h  application  is  made  by  the  30th  day  of  Juno,  A,,D.  1882,  and 
if  such  license  shall  not  have  been  recorded  or  filed  within  thirty  days  after  i  ■> 
issuance,  as  heretofore  provided,  said  license  shall  be  void  and  of  no  eSeci 
Provided,  further,  that  said  license  shall  show  that  it  was  granted  under  the  17th 
section  of  this  act. 

§  18.  That  the  secretary  of  state  shall  furnish  blanks  and  books  of  record  to 
the  State  board  of  health,  and  books  of  record  to  the  circuit  clerks  of  each  county, 
ruled  and  lined  imd  otherwise  prepared,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  State  board 
of  health  as  necessary  for  the  proper  enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 


J 


<»;'.  ■■vie'r;'  ^■'^  ';';.'i;j>v." 


,y  in  which  he 
in  bib  new  loon- 
iit  clerk  to  the 
mil  be  enlitled 

of  the  Stute  of 
xtende  luto  the 
ite  in  the  sanie 
recorded  in  the 
I  in  which  they 
)  prevent  physi- 
ite  in  charge  of 

panied  by  h  fee 
ird  of  health  to 
he  same  to  said 

ant  by  the  State 
ion  mfij"  practice 
le  time  for  which 
of  the  board  of 
mcceeding  appli- 
ined  by  the  State 
luU  be  entitled  to 

icenee  under  this 
le  second  Monday 
convenient  place 
ie.  Thirty  days* 
more  newspapers 

i  State  of  Miaaia- 
fication,  from  the 
1  for  such  licenae, 
,,  under  oath,  the 
ce  and  poatoffice; 
pto:  nnder  whom 
lurses  of  medical 
a  graduate,  name 
iny ;  10th,  time  of 
OS  to  character: 
10,  A.D.  1882.  and 
irty  days  after  i  ■> 
and  of  no  effect 
,ed  under  the  17th 

jooks  of  record  to 
ks  of  each  county, 
the  State  board 
ons  of  this  act. 


MISSISSIPPI-  M ISS( »UR I. 


149 


§  19.  That  any  person  making  false  statements  in  his  application  for  license, 
shall  he  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  in  a  sum 
of  not  more  than  twenty-five  dollars;  and  upon  proof  of  such  conviction,  the  State 
board  of  health  shall  revoke  his  license,  and  tlie  State  Imard  of  health  shall  notify 
the  circuit  clerk  of  the  county  in  which  snid  license  may  have  been  recorded,  of 
such  revocation,  and  it  shall  l)e  the  duty  of  the  circuit  clerk  to  erase  the  name 
of  said  person  from  the  record. 

§  5J0.  That,  for  the  purposes  of  this  act,  the  words  ''  practice  medicine"  shall 
mean,  to  suggest,  rev^ommend,  prescribe  or  direct,  for  the  use  of  any  person,  any 
drug,  mediome,  appliance  or  other  agency,  whether  material  or  not  material,  for 
the  cure,  relief  or  palliation  of  any  ailment  or  disease  of  the  mind  or  body,  or  for 
the  sure  or  relief  of  any  wound,  fracture,  or  other  bodily  injury,  or  any  deformity, 
after  having  received,  or  with  the  intent  of  receiving  tlierefor,  either  directly  or 
indirectly,  any  bonus,  gift,  profit  or  compensation:  Provided,  that  nothing  in  this 
act  shall  apply  to  females  engaged  solely  in  the  practic    of  midwifery. 

>5  21.  Thiit  peripatetic  quacks  and  traveling  charl,  ;is  shall  not  be  licensed  to 
practice  medici,w,  as  provided  for  in  the  17th  section  of  this  act. 

S  22.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  several  judges  of  the  circuit  courts  to 
jBfive  this  act  in  charge  to  the  grand  juries  at  every  term  of  their  several  courts; 
and  it  shall  l>e  the  duty  of  the  circuit  clerk  of  each  county  in  the  State  to  furnish 
a  list  of  persons  registered  in  their  offices,  under  this  act,  to  the  grand  jury  on  the 
first  day  of  each  term  of  their  several  courts. 

t?  23.  That  every  person  or  persons  offending  against  the  p'.uvit;;on»  of  this 
act  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof,  shall,  for  each 
offense,  be  fined  in  a  sum  of  not  less  than  fifty  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars, 
or  bo  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than  thirty  days,  or 
both  such  fine  and  imprisonment,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

i?  24.  That  this  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its 
passage. 

.\pproved  February  28,  1882. 


MISSOURI. 

Population,  2,108,8SO.     Number  of  [jhysicinns,  4,550.     Number  of 
iuhabitantH  to  each  physician,  476. 

An  Adt  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  in  the  State  of  Missouri. 
Bo  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  as  follows : 
Section  1.  Every  person  practicing  medicine  and  surgery,  in  any  of  their 
departments,  shall  possess  the  qualifications  required  by  this  act.  If  a  graduate 
of  medicine,  he  shall  present  his  diplom.n  to  the  State  board  of  health  for  verifica- 
tion as  to  its  genuineness.  If  the  dijiloma  is  found  to  be  genuine,  and  the  person 
named  therein  be  the  person  claiming  and  presenting  the  same,  the  State  board  of 
health  shall  issue  its  certificate  to  that  effect,  signed  by  at  least  five  of  the  members 
thereof,  and  such  diploma  and  certificate  shall  be  deemed  conclusive  as  to  the  right 
of  the  lawful  holder  of  the  same  to  practice  medicine  in  this  State.  If  not  a 
graduate,  the  person  practicing  medicine  in  this  State  shall  present  himself  before 
said  board  and  submit  himself  to  such  examination  as  the  said  board  shall  require, 
and  if  the  examination  be  satisfactory  to  the  examiners,  the  said  board  shall  issue 
its  certificate  in  accordance  wltii  the  facts,  and  the  lawful  holder  of  such  certifi- 
cate shall  be  entitled  to  all  the  rights  and  privileges  herein  mentioned. 


150 


MEDICAL  I,AW8  AND  INSTITU I'lONS. 


§  2.  The  State  board  of  health  shall  ismie  certificates  to  all  who  shall  fnrnish 
HHtisfactory  proof  of  having  received  diploiiiaB  or  licenses  from  legally  chartered 
medical  institutions  in  good  standing,  of  whatever  school  or  system  of  medicine; 
they  shall  prepare  two  forms  of  certificates,  one  for  persons  in  possession  of 
diplomas  or  licenses,  the  other  for  candidates  examined  by  the  board;  they  shall 
furnish  to  the  county  clerks  of  the  several  counties  a  list  of  all  jiersons  receiving 
certificates:  Provided,  that  nothing  in  this  act  shall  authorize  the  board  ot  health 
to  make  any  discrimination  against  the  holders  of  genuine  licenses  or  diplomas 
under  any  school  or  system  of  medicine. 

§  3.  Said  State  board  of  health  shall  examine  diplomas  us  to  their  genuine- 
ness, and  if  the  diploma  shall  be  found  genuine  as  represented,  the  secretary  of 
the  State  board  of  health  shall  receive  a  fee  of  one  dollar  from  each  graduate  or 
licentiate,  and  no  further  charge  shall  be  made  to  such  applicant;  but  if  it  be 
found  to  be  fraudulent,  or  not  lawfully  owned  by  the  possessor,  the  board  shall 
be  entitled  to  charge  and  collect  twenty  dollars  of  the  applicant  presenting  such 
diploma;  the  verification  of  the  diploma  shall  consist  in  the  affidavit  of  the  holder 
and  applicant,  that  he  is  the  lawful  possessor  of  the  same,  and  that  he  is  the 
person  therein  named;  such  affidavit  may  be  taken  before  any  person  authorized  to 
administer  oaths,  and  the  same  shall  be  attested  under  the  hand  and  official  seal  of 
such  officer,  if  he  have  a  seal.  Graduates  may  present  their  diplomas  and  affida- 
vits as  provided  in  this  act.  by  letter  or  by  proxy,  and  the  State  board  of  healtli 
shall  issue  a  certificate  as  though  the  owner  of  the  diploma  was  present. 

§  4.  All  examinations  of  persons  not  graduates  or  licentiates  shall  be  made 
directly  by  the  board,  and  the  certificates  given  by  the  board  shall  authorize  the 
possessor  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  in  the  State  of  Missouri. 

§  r>.  Every  person  holding  a  certificate  from  the  State  board  of  health  shall 
have  it  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk  of  the  county  in  which  he  resides. 
and  the  record  shall  be  indorsed  thereon;  any  person  removing  to  another  county 
to  practice  medicine  and  surgery,  shall  procure  an  endorsement  to  that  effect  on 
tho  certificate  from  the  clerk  of  the  county  court,  and  shall  have  the  certificate 
recorded  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  county  to  which  he  removes,  and  the 
holder  of  the  certificate  shall  pay  to  said  clerk  of  said  county  the  usual  fees  for 
making  the  record. 

§  6.  The  county  clerk  shall  keep,  in  a  bo  »  ,  "ovided  for  the  purpose,  a  com- 
plete list  of  the  certificates  recorded  by  him,  with  the  date  of  the  issue.  If  the 
certificate  be  based  on  a  diploma  or  license,  he  shall  record  the  name  of  the  medi- 
cal institution  conferring  it  and  the  date  when  conferred.  The  register  of  the 
county  clerk  shall  be  open  to  public  ins^  ection  during  bi^-^ness  hours. 

§  7.  [Providing  for  the  payment  of  an  eiaminaHon  fee  of  five  dollars  was 
amended  by  the  striking  out  the  entire  section.] 

§  8.  Examinations  may  be  made  in  whole  or  in  part,  in  writing,  and  shall  be 
of  an  elementary  and  practical  character,  but  sufficiently  strict  to  test  the  qualifi- 
cations of  the  candidate  as  a  practitioner. 

§  9.  The  board  of  health  may  refuse  certificates  to  individuals  guilty  of 
unprofessional  or  dishonorable  conduct,  and  they  may  revoke  certificates  for  like 
causes,  after  giving  the  accused  an  opportunity  to  be  heard  in  his  defence  before 
the  board. 

■  §  10.  Any  person  shall  be  regarded  as  practicing  medicine,  within  the  mean- 
ilig  of  this  act,  who  shall  profess,  publicly,  to  be  a  physician,  and  to  prescribe  for 
the  sick,  or  who  shall  append  to  his  name  the  letters  "M.D.;"  but  nothing  in  this 


TTsn'^ 


.-V'iW.'-"'.-'^^ll.'^-'?i  ,':'i.  .•«'.":V„'.w I? i"»  ■:.«;■ 


MISSOURI. 


161 


ho  shall  faniich 
?gally  chartered 
m  of  medicine; 
n  posgession  of 
lard;  they  shall 
irsons  receivinj? 
board  of  health 
868  or  diplomas 

a  their  geiiuiue- 
the  secretary  of 
ach  graduate  or 
lit;   but  if  it  be 

the  board  shall 
presenting  such 
vit  of  the  holder 
J  that  he  is  the 
on  authorized  to 
id  official  seal  of 
amas  and  affida- 

board  of  health 
•esent. 

es  shall  be  made 
nil  authorize  the 
ri. 

•d  of  health  t*hall 
which  he  rewdes. 
o  another  county 

to  that  effect  on 
ve  the  certificate 
removes,  and  the 
de  usual   fees  for 

B  purpose,  a  rom- 

the  issue.     If  the 

ame  of  the  medi- 

le  register  of  the 

ours. 

f  five  dollars  was 

iting.  and  shall  be 
to  test  the  qualifi- 

ividuals  guilty  of 
ertiflcates  for  like 
his  defense  before 

,  within  the  mean- 
d  to  prescribe  for 
Snt  nothing  in  this 


act  shall  be  construed  to  prohibit  students  from  prescribing  under  the  supervision 
of  a  preceptor,  or  to  prohibit  gratuitous  services  in  cases  of  emergency;  and  this 
act  shall  not  apply  to  commissioned  surgeons  of  the  United  States  army,  navy  and 
marine-hospital  service. 

§  11.  Any  itinerant  vendor  of  any  drug,  nostrum,  ointment  or  appliance  of 
any  kind  intended  for  the  treatment  of  disease  or  injury,  or  who  shall,  by  writing 
or  printing,  or  any  other  method,  publicly  profess  to  cure  or  treat  diseases, injuries 
or  deformities  by  any  drug,  nostrum,  manipulation  or  other  expedient,  shall  pay  to 
the  State  a  license  of  one  hundred  dollars  per  month,  to  be  collected  as  provided 
by  law,  as  all  other  licenses  are  now  collected;  and  any  person  violating  the  provi- 
sions of  this  section  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and,  upon  convic- 
tion thereof,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  to  exceed  five  hundred  dollars  (|500\ 
or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  not  to  exceed  six  months,  or  by  both  such 
fine  and  imprisonment. 

§  12.  Any  person  practicing  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State,  without  com- 
plying with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  fifty  dollars,  nor  more  than  five  hundred 
dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  thirty 
days,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment,  for  each  and  every  offense;  and  any 
person  filing  or  attempting  to  file,  as  his  own,  the  diploma  or  certificate  of  another, 
or  a  forged  affidavit  of  identification,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  felony,  and,  upon  convic- 
tion thereof,  shall  be  subject  to  such  fine  and  imprisonment  as  are  made  and 
provided  by  the  statutes  of  this  State  for  the  crime  of  forgery  in  the  second 
degree,  but  the  penalties  shall  not  be  enforced  until  a  period  of  six  months  after 
the  passage  of  this  bill:  Provided,  that  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  apply 
to  those  that  have  been  practicing  five  years  in  this  State. 

§  13.  Whenever  in  this  act  it  is  provided  that  any  duty  or  service  shall  be 
performed  by  any  county  clerk,  such  duty  and  service  in  the  city  of  St.  I,ouis  shall 
be  performed  by  the  city  register  or  health  commissioner  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis, 
as  if  such  officer  was  specially  named  to  perform  these  duties  and  services. 

§  14.     All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Went  into  effect  July,  1883. 

The  act  providing  for  a  State  board  of  health,  also  became  a  law 
July  1,  1883,  and  the  board  has  been  appointed.  By  section  8  of  this 
act,  physicians,  surgeons  and  accoucheurs  are  required,  under  a  penalty 
of  ten  dollars,  to  report  all  births  and  deaths  which  may  occur  under 
their  supervision.  "    i  '    ' 

Missouri  Medical  College. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.      (Pop.  350,518.) 

Organized  in  1840,  as  the  Medical  Department  of  Kemper  College. 
In  1845  it  became  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
Missouri.  In  1855  it  assumed  its  present  name.  The  first  class  was 
graduated  in  1841.  It  was  suspended  during  the  war,  and  no  students 
graduated  in  1862,  '63,  '64  or  '65.  It  is  sometimes  called  after  its 
founder.  The  McDowell  Medical  College.— The  faculty  embraces  eleven 


m 


152 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


professors,  two  adjunct  professors,  one  clinical  lecturer,  two  olinioal 
assistants  and  two  demonstrators. 

CotTUSE  OF  Inhthuotion:  One  regular  course  of  five  monthB*  duration;  one 
spring  course  of  eleven  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Three  years'  graded  course 
recommended,  but  not  required.  Cliuics  at  hospitals  and  dispensary. — Lectures 
embrace  anatomy,  physiology,  histology,  chemistry,  materia  medioa,  hygiene, 
medical  jurisprudence,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  practice  of  surgery, 
obstetrics,  pathological  anatomy,  gynecology,  opthamology,  therapeutics,  clinical 
medicine,  mental  and  nervous  diseases,  pharmacy,  otology,  laryngology,  diseases 
of  children,  physical  diagnosis,  dermatology. 

Reqttibemknis:  For  admission,  "a  preliminary  examination  will  be  held  in 
accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  State  board." — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty -one 
years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  attendarce  on  clinics  and  dissections; 
(4)  satisfactory  examination;  (5)  two  courses  of  lectures. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  |;60;  graduation,  $30;  demonstrator,  $10. 
Where  the  three  years'  graded  course  is  taken,  no  charge  is  made  for  the  third  term. 
Stodrnts:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  gradu.  ',„3  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Oraduates.  Percent. 

1877-78  240  97  40.4 

1878-7S>  225  90  40 

1879-80  300  120  40 

1880-81  266  laS'  46.4 

1881-82  285  136  68 

1882-88  210  "86  41 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years. 
forty-five. 

Number  of  Illinois  studentt  attending  the  last  session,  31. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  240. 

St.  Louis  Medical  Oollboe. 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Organized  in  1841,  as  the  medical  department  of  the  St.  Louis 
University.  In  1855  it  was  chartered  as  an  independent  institution 
under  its  present  name.  The  firat  class  was  graduated  in  1843.  Classes 
hare  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  ten 
professors,  one  assistant,  eight  lecturers  and  three  demonstrators. 

CouasE  OF  Instbuction:  One  regular  course  of  twenty -three  weeks'  duration; 
one  spring  course  of  eleven  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Course  graded,  extending 
over  three  years,  divided  as  follows: — Lectures  embrace — First  term,  chemistry, 
chemical  laboratory  practice,  anatomy,  dissections,  histology,  histological  demon- 
strations, physiology,  materia  medioa. — Second  term,  chemistry,  anatomy,  dissec- 
tions, physiology,  materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  pathological  anatomy,  principles 
and  practice  of  medicine,  medical  clinics,  clinics  for  diseases  of  children,  surgical 
clinics.  Third  t^rm,  dissections,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine;  principles 
and  practice  of  surgery,  ophthalmology,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women,  diseases  of 
children,  hygiene  and  forensic  medicine,  medical  clinics,  children's  clinics,  surgical 


J 


n 


r,  two  oliaioal 

is'  duration;  one 
»'  graded  course 
nsary .— Lectures 
uedioa,  hygiene, 
3tice  of  surgery, 
ftpeutics,  clinical 
ugology,  diseases 

1  will  be  held  in 
:  (1)  twenty -one 
and  dissections; 

nnonstrator,  $10. 
ar  the  third  term, 
session  reported, 

Percent. 
40.4 
40 
40 
46.4 
53 
41 
he  past  six  yeara, 


E  the  St.  Louis 
lent  institution 
Q  1843.  Classes 
by  embraces  ten 
instrators. 
B  weeks'  duration; 
graded,  extending 
'  term,  chemistry, 
stological  demon - 
,  anatomy,  dissec- 
natomy,  principles 
children,  surgical 
ledicine;  principles 
iromen,  diseaaes  of 
n's  clinics,  nnrgioal 


MISSOURI. 


HI 


clinics,  oph  halmic  clinics,  gynecological  clinics,  clinics  for  diseases  of  the  genito- 
urinary nri       ,,  obstetrical  out-clinics. 

Requibbments:  For  admission,  (a)  diploma  of  college  or  high  school;  or  (b) 
satisfactory  examination  in  the  branches  of  a  good  English  education,  including 
grammar,  orthography,  composition,  physics.— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty -one 
years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  must  have 
attended  three  regular  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  examination  iti  chemistry,  anatomy, 
physiology,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine, 
clinical  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  hygiene  and  forensic  medicine. 

Fees:  Matriculation  (paid  but  once),  $5.  Term  fee,  including  demonstrators, 
laboratory  and  hospital  ticket,  $90. 

Students  :  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates, 

Percent 

18T7-78 

180 

47 

26 

1878-79 

170 

64 

81.7 

1879-80 

168 

41 

26 

1880-81 

15.^5 

48 

28 

1881-82 

167 

29 

17.8 

1882-88 

134 

40 

30 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  sit  years, 
tweiity-six. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  36. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  244. 

Remarks:  Students  having  attended  lectures  at  other  colleges  can 
only  be  admitted  to  advanced  .standing  by  passing  the  examination  for 
the  proper  years.  , 

Medical  School  or  the  University  of  the  State  or  Missodri, 
Columbia,  Mo.     (Pop.  3,326.) 

Organized  in  1845.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1846.  From 
1845  to  1855  the  ^nedical  department  was  situated  at  St.  Louis.  See 
Missouri  Medical  College.  No  degiees  were  conferred  during  the  war, 
1861 -'65. — Faculty  embraces  eight  professors,  three  lecturers,  and  four 
examiners  for  medical  degrees,  appointed  from  as  many  district  medical 
societies. 

Course  of  Instbuotion:  One  junior  course  of  thirty  weeks'  duration,  and  one 
senior  course  of  lectures  of  thii*ty-four  weeks'  duration.  Course  graded,  but 
requiring  only  two  years  for  coaipletion.  Daily  examinations  and  recitations  in 
clinics  at  dispensary.  —  Lfotures  embrace  —  Junior  class:  anatomy,  physiology, 
chemistry,  materia  medioa,  medical  botany,  surgery,  physics,  metric  system  of 
weights  and  measures,  la  Ooratory  work,  dissecting  and  medical  jurisprudence, — 
Senior  class:  anatomy,  toxicology,  surgery,  obstetrics,  practice  of  medicine, lectures 
by  special  professors,  laboratory  work  (optional),  dissecting. and  medical  juris- 
prudence.   • 

Rbquibements  :  For  admission,  none.  Before  entering  the  senior  class  must 
pass  a  satisfactory  examination  upon:  (1)  English  grammar  (Harvey)  and  orthogf- 


ts^m^ 


■J  r»*i'iwi,  ■'^rw^^ 


154 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSllTUTIONS. 


raphy;  (2)  rhetoric  (Hart);  (8)  history  of  tjje  United  States  (Swinton)  and  its 
geography ;  (4)  arithmetic  (the  four  fundamental  rules,  denominate  numbers  and 
common  fractions). — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral 
character;  (3)  last  course  in  this  school;  (4)  satisfactory  examination  upon  the 
prescribed  course;  (6)  regular  attendance  on  clinics  and  lectures;  (6)  practical 
anatomy  and  chemistry,  one  course;  (7)  thesis.  Percentages  required  at  flnal 
examination  are,  anatomy  and  physiology,  86;  chemistry,  toxicology,  pharmacy, 
60;  all  others  75. 

Fees:     Lectures,  |40;  demonstrator,  flO;  graduation,  $6. 

Students  :  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 


1877-78 

22 

1878-79 

36 

1879-80 

43 

1880-81 

40 

1881 -82 

nn 

1882-83 

26 

8 

36.8 

e 

16.6 

0 

20.9 

s  \ 

12.6 

7 

20 

9 

36 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
twenty-three. 

Remarks:  No  student  is  allowed  to  attend  both  coxirses  the  same 
year.  Before  he  is  permitted  to  present  himself  before  the  board  of 
examiners,  appointed  as  noted,  he  must  either  have  attended  two  (2) 
courses  of  eight  or  nine  months  in  this  institution,  or  present  tickets 
showing  that  he  has  attended  at  least  one  course  in  some  regular  repu- 
table medical  college;  and  in  any  event,  must  pass  a  satisfactory  exami- 
nation in  the  subjects  embraced  in  the  junior  course,  previous  to  his 
entering  the  senior  class. 

Humboldt  Medical  College. 
'  '  '  -  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

'       Organized,  185-.     Extinct  since  1867. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  2.  *  '  . 

..;  HoMffioPATHic  Medical  College  OF  M188ODSI.  ' 

>  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Organized,  originally,  in  1859;  reorganized  in  1882.  Between  the 
years  1869  and  1881,  the  following  homoeopathic  colleges  were  organ- 
ized in  St.  Louis,  viz. :  The  St.  Louis  College  of  Homoeopathic  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  organized  1869;  held  two  sessions  and  suspended 
after  session  of  1870-71.  The  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  St. 
Louis,  organized  1873.  The  Hering  Medical  College,  organized  in 
1880.  In  1880  a  portion  of  the  facvdty  of  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Missouri  seceded  and  revived  The  St.  Louis  College  of 
Homoeopathic  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  which  again  held  two  sessions ; 


winton)  and  itB 
t^  nnraberR  and 
(2)  good  moral 
ation  apon  the 
68 ;  (6)  practical 
squired  at  final 
ogy,  pharmacy, 


eHBion   reported, 

Percent, 
86.8 
16.6 

ao.9 
ao 

past  Bix  yesTB, 

iirses  the  same 
e  the  board  of 
;ende(l  two  (2) 
present  tickets 
)  regular  repu- 
ifactory  exami- 
»revioiie  to  his 


I. 

Between  the 
es  were  organ- 
opathic  Physi- 
md  suspended 
College  of  St. 

organized  in 

athic  Medical 

iiis   College  of 

:1  two  sessions; 


MISSOURI. 


155 


but  after  the  session  of  1881-82  this  college  and  the  Bering  were  con- 
solidated with  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Missouri, — The 
faculty  of  this  college  embraces  twelve  professors. 

OouBSR  OF  Inhtbuotion :  One  regular  course  o(  twenty-one  weeki^'  duration, 
annually.  Clinicn  at  hospital  and  dispensary. —  Ijectures  embrace  physiology, 
diseases  of  children,  operative  and  clinical  surgery,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  nervous 
and  mental  diseases,  opthalmology,  otology,  theory  and  priict:  ce  of  medicine, 
materia  medica,  therapeutics,  sanitation,  medical  jurisprudenct,  principles  and 
practice  of  surgery,  anatomy,  chemistry,  toxicology. 

Requirements:  For  admission,  "An  applicant  for  registration  must  be  of  the 
male  sex,  give  evidence  of  good  moral  character,  and  furnish  credentials  of  suitable 
literary  and  scientific  qualifications  for  entering  upon  a  course  of  medical  studies." 
— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three 
years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  satisfactory  examination  on  all 
branches  taught  in  the  college. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  $6;  lectures,  $50;  graduation,  $2&;  demonstrator.  flO. 

Studbnts:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent, 
1882-88                            41                                   11  27 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  2. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  8. 

Bkhabks:  Honorary  degrees  may  be  conferred  on  distingviisheii 
practitioners  on  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty  to  the  board  of 
tnistees. 

Kansas  City  Medical  Colleoe. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.     (Pop.  55,785.) 

Organized  in  1864,  as  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
Kansas  City.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1865:  classes  have  been 
graduated  each  subsequent  year.  Assumed  its  present  name  in  1880. — 
Faculty  emVjraces  twelve  professors,  one  adjunct  professor,  two  lectiu'erB 
and  two  demonstrators. 

CouBSE  OF  Instbcotion  :  A  preliminary  course  of  two  weeks'  duration,  and  a 
regular  course  of  twenty-two  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Hospital  and  dispensary 
clinics.  Graded  course  recommended  bu*  not  required. — Lectures  embrace 
anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  diseases  of  children,  diseases  of  genito-urinary 
organs,  materia  medicd  and  therapeutics,  surgery,  principles  and  practice  of  medi- 
cine, obstetrics  and  diseases  of  women,  ophthalmology  and  otology,  histology  and 
urinary  chemistry,  attendance  on  surgical  and  medical  clinics,  dissection  and 
laboratory  work, 

Reqihuements  :  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty -one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of 
instraotion;  (6)  personal  examination  on  the  seven  principal  branches  of  medicine. 

Fees:  Matriculation  (paid  but  once),  f5;  lectures,  |60;  demonstrator,  $10; 
hospital,  !|3;  graduation.  $20.        •, -;  i    ,:■.,        .'.;      )• 


156 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Studknto;     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  seBsion  rapoi-ted, 
aud  peroentag6!i  of  grnduaten  to  matrioulates— 


SeHBion. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent. 

1877-78 

31 

9 

29 

1878-79 

31 

9 

M 

187980 

44 

IT 

ak« 

1880-81 

42 

It 

nil 

1881-82 

32 

id 

m 

1882  88           " 

36 

la 

m 

Average  percentage 

of  graduates  to  matriculates  during 

the  past  av 

thirti/six. 

Number  of  graduates  in  lUiuois,  2. 

' 

St  Louis  College  of  Homieopathic  Physicians  and  Sukokonh. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Organized  in  1869.     Suspeuded  after  the  sesBion  of  1870-71. — Se« 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Missouri. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  4. 

St.  Louis  Eclectic  Medical  College. 
St  Louis,  Mo. 
Organized  187-.      Extinct,    1883.      See   List   of   Institutions   not 
recognized  by  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Health. 

HoMiEOPATHic  Medic  \L  Oolleoe  of  St.  Louis. 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Organized  1873. — Fi-audulent. — Extinct. 

American  Medical  College — {Eclectic). 
St  Louis,  Mo. 

Organized  in  1873.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1874.  Clasaes 
have  bean  graduated  twice  annually  since  that  date  to  1883. — The 
faculty  embraces  ten  professors  and  one  adjunct  professor. 

CouBBE  OF  Instruction  :  One  preliminary  course  of  two  weeks'  duration,  and 
one  regular  course  of  five  months'  duration,  annually.  Two  clinics  are  held  each 
week  at  the  hospital  and  dispensary. — Lectures  embrace  theory  and  practice  of 
medicine,  chemistry,  pharmacy,  toxicology,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and  chil- 
dren, principle."  and  practice  of  surgery,  materia  medioa,  therapeutics,  anatomy, 
physiology,  microscopy,  histology,  medical  jurisprudence. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  "a  good  elementary  English  education, 
including  mathematics,  English  composition  and  elementary  physics  or  natural 
philosophy,  ao  attested  by  the  presentation  of  a  diploma  from  some  literary  and 
scientific  college  or  high  school,  or  by  creditable  examination  upon  those  branches 
by  a  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose."— For  graduation:  (1)  good  moral 
•jharacter;  (2)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (8)  two  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  three  years' 


SUR0K0N8. 


1870-71.— Se« 


istitutions   not 


riH. 


1874.    Classes 
to   1883. -The 

31'. 

jks'  duration,  and 

ics  are  held  each 

and  practice  of 

women  and  chil- 

[)euticB,  anatomy, 

iglish  education, 
hysicfl  or  natural 
onie  literary  and 
on  those  brancheR 
(1)  good  moral 
i;  (4)  three  years' 


MIHHOURI. 


ivr 


study;  (fi)  "must  show  a  record  of  faithful  attendance  both  at  the  college  and 
hospital  lectui  »."  "  At  the  close  of  the  sesBion  each  profesBor  ezaminea  in  his 
own  department,  and  the  ntandiug  of  each  Htndent  is  based  upon  a  percent." 

Fkeh:  Tickets  for  the  session,  including'  matriculHtion  and  deuionstrator'a 
ticket,  f  7r>;  graduation,  $2C. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  uud  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent 

1877-78 

120 

78 

66 

1878-79 

66 

86 

54.* 

1879-80 

96 

42 

44.8 

1880-  81 

6« 

aa 

88.8 

1881-82 

118 

40 

88.8 

1882-83 

114 

88 

88.8 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
forty-four. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  two  sessions  ('82-'8S),  both  in 
the  same  twelvemonth,  16. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  99. 

Remakks:  Prior  to  1883,  two  courneH  were  delivered  annually. 
Hereafter  but  one  annual  course  will  be  delivered. 

St.  Joseph  Hospital  Mkuical  College. 
,  ;  St  Joseph,  Mo. 

Organized  in  1876.  Five  classes,  containing  forty-five  students, 
were  graduated.  In  1882,  this  college  was  merged  into  the  St.  Joseph 
Medical  College   (vide  infra). 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  St.  Joseph. 
St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Organized  in  1878.  Three  classea,  containing  fifty  students,  were 
graduated.  In  1882,  this  college  was  merged  into  the  St.  Joseph 
Medical  College  (vide  infra).  , 

St.  Louis  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Organized  in  1879.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1880. — The 
faculty  embraces  thirteen  professors  and  two  lectureiu 

CouBSE  OF  Instbuction:  a  preliminary  course  of  four  weeks'  duration,  and 
a  regular  course  of  twenty-one  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Three  years'  graded 
course  recommended,  but  not  required. — Lectures  embrace  dermatology,  diseases 
of  children,  medical  jurisprudence,  histology,  ophthalmology,  otology,  materia 
medica,  toxicology,  chemistry,  surgery,  orthopedic  surgery,  operative  surgery, 
clinical  medicine,  hygiene,  mental  and  nervous  diseases,  anatomy,  physiology, 
obstetrics,  diseases  of  women,  practice  of  medicine. 

Requibemsntb :  For  admission:  "All  candidates  must  present  credible 
certificates  of  good  moral  character,  and  furnish  evidences  of  possessing  a  good 


158 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONK. 


oommou-itohuol  educntion.  (^raduatuA  of  lit«riiry  oullegoH  iiitd  lii^h  itchoolH  will  be 
received  without  eiainiimtion  regarUiuj{  preliminary  (lualittoatlon.  All  othora  will 
be  examin'-d  by  the  dean,  or  registrar." — For  ({ruduation:  (1)  twenty-one  yearn  of 
age;  (2)  a  jjood  inorul  oluiracter;  (S)  at  leaHt  three  yearn*  study  of  medicine;  (i) 
attendance  on  two  oourHOs  of  lecturer. 

Btudenth  :  Number  of  mutrioulaten  and  of  graduatot*  nt  each  seBsion  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Hession.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Per  cent. 

187»-80  1»  6  26.8 

1880-81  41  »  22— 

1881-82  49  12  24.& 

1882-83  69  31  45 

Average  peroentago  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  |)nst  two  years, 
thirty-two. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  sessiou,  11. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  11. 

JOPLIN    CoLLEaE    OF    PhYSIOIANS    AND    SuROEONH. 

Joplin,  Mo.     (Pop.  7,038.) 
Organized  in   1880.     The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1881. — The 
faculty  embraces  six  profesBors,  five  lecturers  and  one  demonstrator. 

OonasB  OF  Instbuotion:  Regular  course  of  twenty  weeks'  duration,  and  a 
spring  course  of  twelve  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Quizzes  by  the  professors 
daily.  Graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required.— Lectures  embrace  anatomy, 
minor  surgery,  physiology,  microscopic  anatomy,  chemistry,  materia  mudioa, 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  surgery,  clinical  surgery, 
diseases  of  children,  otology,  ophthalmology,  electro-therapeutics,  medical  juris- 
prudence, therapeutics. 

Rbquibements:  Foi  admission:  "While  it  is  not  the  wish  of  the  faculty  to 
prevent  any  worthy  man  from  rtc(}uiring  a  medical  education,  yet  they  believe  that 
medical  men  should  have  a  knowledge  of  at  least  the  common  English  branches,* 
and  that  any  man  who  is  worthy  to  fill  the  high  post  of  a  physician  will  readily 
acquire  this  knowledge.  Therefore,  candidates  for  admission  will  be  required  to 
pass  a  thorough  examination  in  the  common  English  branches,  including  natural 
philosophy.  Candidates  possessing  diplomas  from  a  good  literary  or  scientific 
college,  or  high  school,  will  be  exempt  from  this  examination.  Candidates  must 
also  present  evidences  of  good  moral  character."- -For  graduation:  (1)  good  moral 
character;  (2)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  complete 
courses  of  lectures  [iillowance  for  absence  will  be  made  for  not  more  than  twenty 
per  centum  of  the  course,  and  then  only  when  occasioned  by  the  student's  siokness]; 
(5)  dissection  during  both  courses;  (6)  regular  attendance  at  clinics  during  both 
courses;  (7)  regulor  attendance  at  quizzes  during  both  courses;  (8)  satisfactory 
examination  in  each  branch  taught  in  the  college. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  $30;  demonstrator,  $5;  graduation,  $20. 
Students:    Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1880-81  28  11  47.8 

1881-82  ^46  34  '        ;      75.6 

1882  83        •'•...|j         .:-  ■  ^g  ■■•v;- 


ligh  HchoolH  will  be 
on.  All  othora  will 
;wenty-one  years  of 
ly  of  medicine;  (4) 

}h  HeBsion  reported, 

Fer  cent. 
•26.8 

aa— 

24.6 
46 

the  past  two  years, 


CONS.  .  _ 

sd  in  1881.— The 
demonstrator. 
ks'  duration,  and  n 
i  by  the  profesBors 
s  embrace  anatomy, 
y,  materia  medica, 
ry,  clinical  surgery, 
itios,  medical  jnrin- 

sh  of  the  faculty  to 
yet  they  believe  that 
n  English  branches, 
lysician  will  readily 

will  be  required  to 
3B,  including  natural 
literary  or  scientific 
I.  Candidates  must 
ion:  (1)  good  moral 
y;  (4)  two  complete 
ot  more  than  twenty 
t  student's  sickness]; 

clinics  during  both 
ses;  (8)  satisfactory 

graduation,  $20. 
ach  session  reported, 

Percent. 

47.8  ■     ■■   ' 

75.5  "■. 

44— 


MI8HOURI. 


150 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  U)  matriculated  during  the  paxt  three  yearn, 
ft/ty-smi'n. 

Number  of  Illinois  ntudentH  attending  the  last  session,  1. 

Remarks:  At  the  April,  188H,  niw^ting  of  the  Ilmnoih  State  Board 
or  Health,  charges  against  this  college  being  under  consideration,  it 
was  resolveil  that  its  diplomas  would  be  recognized  in  the  ftituro  by 
said  Board,  whenever  and  »<»  long  cm  it  shall  appear  that  its  methods 
and  practices  entitle  it  to  such  recognition.  Subsequently,  in  January, 
1884,  lx)th  the  Illinois  and  Missouri  State  Boards  resojved  that  its 
diplou  as  could  not  be  recognized.  Since  that  action  the  college  has 
throw  a  up  its  charter,  and  is  now  extinct. 

Herino  Medical  Colle(»e — (Hmnoeopathic). 
St.  L6uis,  Mo. 

Organized  1880.--  See  Homosopathic  Medical  College  of  Missouri. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  1. 

NORTHWESTEKK    MeDICAL    CoLLEOE    OF    St.    JoSEPH. 

St,  Joseph,  Mo.     (Poj).  32,431.) 
Organized  in   1880.     The  first  class  was  gi-aduated  in  1881. — The 
faculty  embraces  eight  professors  and  four  lecturers. 

OouBSE  OF  Instbuction:     One  sesBion  of  five  months'  duration,  annually. 

Lectures  embrace  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  chemistry,  toxicology, 
diseases  of  the  chest,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  surgery,  anatomy,  physiology,  nervous 
diseases,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  diseases  of  children,  minor  surgery,  path- 
ology, genito-urinary  diseases,  medical  jurisprudence. 

Reqitie  '.mbnts:  For  admission:  (1)  credible  certificates  of  good  morol  stand- 
ing; (2)  diplomas  of  graduation  from  a  good  literary  and  scientific  college  or  high 
school;  or  (8)  a  thorough  examination  in  the  branches  of  a  good  English  educa- 
tion, including  mathematics,  English  composition,  and  elementary  physics  or 
natural  philosophy.— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral 
character;  (3)  two  full  courses;  (4)  satisfactory  examination;  (5)  thesis. 

Fees:     For  the  entire  course,  $40;  graduation,  |25.  , 

Students  :  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1880-81  40  28  67.5 

1881-32  40  26  66 

1882  83  31  18  68 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  three  years, 
sixty. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  1. 

JoPLiN  Medical  Collegie. 
Joplin,  Mo. 

Organized  in  1881. — Extinct.  See  List  of  Institutions  not  recog. 
nized  by  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Health,  " 


IQi)  MEDICAL  LAVVH  AND  IN8TITUTION8. 

Mbdioal  Department  ok  the  University  or  Kanbah  Citt. 
KaiiHiiH  City,  Mo. 
OrjjHiiizod  ill   IHSl.     Tlit>  first  cIhhh  whh  gnuluiiUxl  in   1882.   -Tb» 
faculty  embraceH  nineteen  profesHorH,  five  luljunct  profeuMorH,  and  one 
lectnror. 

CoiiHHK  OK  Inhtbuction:  ()u«  re^ulitr  HvHnion  of  twenty-xix  weekH'  duration, 
and  one  HpriiiK  HeHnion  uf  ten  wevko'  durittion,  iiiinuiiUy.  "  ThB  UHniil  inethodn  of 
inBtruotion  will  lie  followed,  enibrncitiK  clinioo,  lecturcn  and  dinHnctions.  together 
with  frequent  oral  exiiniinHtionn."  Three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  hut 
not  required. — Leotaren  embraoe  prinoipleR  and  practice  of  medicine,  obBtetrion, 
gynecology,  pathology,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  materia  medica, 
pharmacy,  therapeutics,  general,  descriptive  and  surgical  anatomy,  physiology, 
chemistry,  medical  jurisprudence,  clinical  medicine,  physical  diagnosis,  clinical 
and  operative  surgery,  nervous  and  mental  diseases,  ophthalmology,  otology, 
histology,  orthopedic  surgery,  diseases  of  children,  hygiene,  diseases  of  chest, 
throat  and  genito-urinary  organs,  and  dermatology.  . 

REqiTiBEMENTS:  For  admission:  "  Kvery  applicant  must  be  of  good  moral 
character,  and  possess  the  evidences  of  a  good  Knglish  education.  He  should  also 
possess  sutUcient  knowledge  of  Latin  to  read  and  write  current  prescriptions.*' 

The  following  resolution  has  been  passed  by  the  faculty  since  the  issuance  of 
the  announcement.  • 

Kexolved,  That  the  dean  of  the  faculty,  prior  to  matriculating  any  student, 
shall  ascertain  by  examination,  either  oral  or  written,  or  both,  thav  the  applicant 
has  the  necessary  pre-requisites  as  published  in  the  announcement. 

For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (8) 
three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses;  (6)  clinical  instruction  during  one  term; 
(tf)  dissection  of  each  region;  (7)  full  and  satisfactory  examination  in  each  branch. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  |5;  lectures,  153;  demonstrator,  !|!10;  graduation,  f  25. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  (Graduates.  Percent. 

1881  82  26  11  44 

1882-83  98  8  38.6 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  years, 
forty-oiif, 

St.  Joseph  Medical  College. 

St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Organized  in  1882.  Formed  by  the  union  of  the  St.  Jost-ph 
Hospital  Medical  College  and  College  of  Physicians  and  Snrgeons  of 
St.  Joseph.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1883. — The  faculty 
embraces  twelve  professors,  three  lecturers  and  one  demonstrator. 

CouBBE  OF  Inbtbuotion  :  One  regular  course  of  lectures  of  five  months' 
duration,  annually.  Clinics  at  hospital  and  dispensary.  Three  years'  graded 
course  recommended,  but  not  required. — Lectures  embrace  chemistry,  histology, 
anatomy,  therapeutics  and  materia  medica,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine, 
operative  surgery  and  surgical  pathology,  Jiedioal  jurisprudence,  genitoturiuary 


iii^ 


MIHHOURI. 


I'll 


KH 


OlTT. 


n   1882.  -Tbw 
iHHora,  aud  one 

wuekn'  durHtion, 
UHniil  inetluKlH  of 
Rections.  together 
Bcommended,  bnt 
diciue,  obntetriow, 
materia  nuedica, 
omy,  physioloj^y, 
liaKUOsiB,  clinical 
ImoloKy,  otolo>{y, 
JiKcanep  of    chi-*<t, 

be  of  good  moral 
a.     He  Bhould  also 
ireHcriptions.'' 
ace  the  inHUHnce  of 

uting  any  wtudent, 
thai  the  applicant 
jnt. 

oral  oharucter;  (8) 
a  during  one  term; 
ion  in  each  branch, 
graduation,  |S26. 
jh  session  reported, 

Percent. 
44 

38.6 
;he  past  two  years. 


the  St.  Jo8»-pli 
ami  SiirgeonH  of 
—The  faculty 
monstrator. 

-OH  of  five  months' 
lirce  years'  graded 
hemistry,  histology, 
ractioe  of  medicine, 
ince,  genito.urinury 


diseases,  gynecology,  mental  and  iicrvoiiH  diseases,  hygiene,  dental  roirgery,  diseasert 
of  children,  r<iirgery,  |iliysiology,  obsletrios, 

Kkiji'iiikmcntm;  For  udriiiHHJoii,  noni'.  For  graduiitiim:  (I)  twenty  one  yearn 
of  age;  ('Jl  good  moral  character;  (III  three  years'  stmly;  (4)  two  full  courses  of 
lectures;  (5)  dissection  "continuously";  (tt)  hospital  clinics;  (7)  satisfactory  exam- 
ination on  all  branches  taught  in  this  college;  (H)  thesis. 

Fkks:     Miitiiculiiticiii,  s'r,  lectures,  ijct'i;  demonstrator,  iJlO;  graduation,  .*!!W. 

Htimiknts:  Number  of  iiiMtriculiites  iind  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentuge  of  graduates  to  matriculates - 

Session.  Matriculates.  (Graduates.  Percent. 

IH»2  8!l  24  H  UiLH 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  13. 

Remahks:  a  Hocond  (suiuTnor)  oxiiiuimitioii  is  linld  for  {'undidatoH 
who  do  not  pass  an  (>niirt'ly  satisfaotory  cxatnination  in  certain  dojmrt- 
moiits,  not  oxcccdin;^  three  in  niunher.  If  they  f)ass  these  exaininal ions, 
which  are  lield  six  months  after  the  rei^iilar  i>xaiiiination,  "  they  will  l)o 
recommended  to  the  hoard  of  tnisteoH  for  the  degree." 

Kansas  (Jitv  Hospital  College  of  Medicine. 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Orf^anized  in  1SS2.  The  fh'st  class  was  graduated  in  IHSIl  -The 
faculty  embraces  elev(>n  professors,  two  lecturers,  and  one  demonstrator. 

CouusB  OF  Inhtuuotion:  (hu)  re^-ular  term  of  twenty-two  weeks'  duration, 
annually. — Lectures  embrace  "orthopedic,  military  and  clinical  surgery,  and  allo- 
pathic materia  medica,"  (^both  by  the  same  i)rofessor);  gynecology  aud  [U'iuci|>leH 
of  surgery  (ditto);  medical  electricity  and  diseases  of  nervous  system  (ditto); 
diseases  of  women  and  children;  obstetrics;  "allopathic  theory  and  practice  and 
clinical  medicine";  "  homusopnthic  thera|)euticH  and  materia  medica  and  theory 
and  practice;"  anatomy  and  diseases  of  genito-urinary  system  (the  same  professor); 
diseases  of  eye.  ear  and  laryngology;  physiology  aud  chemistry  (the  same  profes- 
sor); histology  and  microscopical  anatomy;  hernia  and  dermatology  (the  same 
professor);  and  7nedical  jurisprudence. 

RKQUiuKMKNia:  For  admission,  (1)  eighteen  years  of  age;  (2)  a  good  moral 
character;  (.3)  a '' preliminary  education  and  training  sulllcient  to  enable  him  to 
profitably  and  properly  engage  in  the  study  of  medicine."  For  graduation:  (1)  a 
good  moral  character;  (2)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures; 
(4)  satisfactory  examination  on  all  branches  taught  in  the  college. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  :5!5;  demonstrator,  .f  5;  lectures,  $30;  graduation,  ijao. 

Students:  Session  of  1882-8?/,  matriculates,  18;  graduate,-*,  11.  Percentage  of 
graduates  to  matriculates,  sixfy-oae. 

Remarks:  The  following  extracts  from  the  last  annual  announce- 
ment are  necessary  to  a  better  understanding  of  the  matter  given  above, 
under  the  caption  ".Course  of  Instruction': 

The  faculty  "  is  composed  of  gentlemen  of  culture  from  every  school 
of  medicine  that  is  recognized  for  its  merits." 

The  branches  of  "  matei'ia  medica,  embracing  allopathic  and  homoeo- 
pathic and  eclectic,"  will  be  taught,  etc.,  and  the  "physiological  actio: i 
11 


\M 


ltS2 


MEDIOAI,  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


of   drugs"— preaumabiy  in  the   three  methodH— "  will   bo  practically 

demonstrated,"  etc. 

The  professor  of  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear  in  the  faculty  of  1882- 
8;}  was  one  of  the  graduates  in  the  class  of  that  year,  and  is  announced 
as  "  professor  of  diseases  of  eye,  ear  and  laryngology,"  in  the  faculty 

of  1883-84 

The  "  professor  of  homoeopathic  therapeutics  and  materia  medica 
and  theoi-j-  and  practice,"  and  tl^e  demonstrator  of  anatomy,  in  the 
faculty  of  1883-84,  are  also  graduates  of  the  class  of  1882-83. 

At  the  January,  1884,  meeting  of  the  Illinois,  and  of  tho  Missouri 
Htate  Boards  of  Health,  it  was  resolved  that  the  diplomas  of  this  school 
could  not  be  recognized  in  those  States. 

Women's  Medical  College  of  St.  Louis  {Homceopathic). 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Organized  in  1883.— Faculty  consists  of  nine  professors. 
00UB8E  OP  Instruction:        -^  annual  lectuve-term  of  twentj-two  peeks'  dura- 
tion.—Lectures    embrace    anatomy,   descriptive    and    surgical;   physiology    and 
chemistry;  pathology,  theory  and  practice;  materia  medica;  obstetrics;  diseases  of 
woriien;  hygiene,  diseases  of  children.     Three  years'  course  rev;ommended  but  not 

required. 

REQUIBEMENT8:  For  admission, "  must  give  evidence  of  good  moral  character, 
furnish  credentials  of  suitable  literary  and  scientific  qualifications  for  entering  upon 
a  course  of  medical  studies."— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age; 
(2)  three  years'  study;  (3)  two  cour.se8  of  lectures;  (4)  evidence  of  having  attended 
the   clinics;  (5)  at  least  one  creditable  dissection  of  the   usual   division   of  the 

cadaver. 

Fees:      Matriculation   (once    only).    $5;  professors'  tickets,   $50;   practical 

anatomy,  $10;  graduation,  $25. 


Number    of 


MONTANA. 

Population,    39,150.      Number   of    physicians,    77. 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  568. 

Dr.  C.  G.  Brown,  of  Helena,  writes: 

"  In  replv  to  your  letter,  I  will  say  that  medical  laws  in  Montana 
are  like  angels'  visits,  '  few  and  far  between.'  Each  physician  is 
required  to  pay  a  yearly  li-jense  of  $10,  and  there  is  a  law  which  says 
only  M.D.'8  shall  receive  a  license,  but  there  is  no  one  to  enforce  it. 
Any  one  who  applies  to  the  county  treasui-er,  says  he  has  gi-aduated, 
and  '  produces '  $  ,6,  gets  his  credentials,  and  enters  into  the  '  free- 
for-all.' 

"We  need  a  territorial  board  to  regulate  things.  An  effort  was 
made,  at  the  last  seesion  of  the  legislature,  to  secure  such  a  board,  a 


\ 


MONTANA-  NKHKASKA. 


168 


bo  jn-actically 

iiciilty  of  1882- 
id  is  announced 
'  in  the  faculty 

materia  medica 

anatomy,  in  the 

^82-83. 

of  th^.1  Missouri 

las  of  this  school 


mopathic). 


3sors. 

ty-two  ^veeks'  durii- 
.1;  physiology  and 
latetrics;  diseases  of 
oinmeiided  but  uot 

)od  moral  character, 

us  for  entering  upon 

-one  years   of  age; 

of  liaving  attended 

1    division   of   the 

cats,   $50;   practical 


n.      Number    of 


laws  in  Montana 
ach  physician  is 
a  law  which  says 
one  to  enforce  it. 
le  has  graduated, 
into  the  '  free- 


rs 


An  effort  was 
such  a  board,  a 


modicul  i)ractice  act,  etc. ;  but,  alas,  we  wore  accused  of  trying  to  got  a 
comer  on  the  practice  of  medicine,  and  the  result  was  a  failure.  We 
hope  to  accomplish  more  at  the  next  session. 

"  A  bill  was  passed  at  the  last  session,  establishing  county  boards 
with  power  to  take  care  of  contagious  diseases,  etc.,  but  nothing 
touching  th(*  rights  of  practitioners,  of  whatever  type  or  creed.  I 
believe  there  is  not  a  medical  society  in  Montana,  and  there  seems  to  bo 
very  little  desire  for  mutual  improvement." 


NKBRASKA. 

Population,  452,402.     Number  of  physicians,  878  (this  number  was 

reported  to  the  State  Medical  Society  in  1882).    Number  of  inhabitants 

to  each  physician,  521. 

An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  State  of  Nebraska. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Nebraska: 

Section  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  practice  medicine,  surgery 
or  obstetrics,  or  any  of  the  branches  thereof,  in  this  State,  without  first  having 
complied  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  relating  to  registration;  and  no  perse  u 
practicing  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics,  or  any  part  of  the  branches  thereof, 
shall  be  entitled  to  registration  unless  possessed  of  the  qualif  tions  reqi'ired  by 
section  four  of  this  act. 

§  2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  persons  claiming  to  be  physicians  and 
Burgeonr,,  and  intending  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics  in  the  State  of 
Nebraska,  before  beginning  the  practice  tliereof,  or  any  of  the  branches  tliereof,  to 
register  as  a  ])hysician,  by  filing  with  the  county  clerk  of  the  county  in  which  he 
or  she  resides,  or  in  which  he  or  she  intends  to  practice,  a  statement,  in  writing, 
under  oath  or  affirmation,  giving  his  ov  her  full  name,  age,  place  of  birth,  place  of 
residence,  lace  of  business,  and  the  time  he  or  she  has  practiced  medicine,  and 
when  and  where  he  or  she  has  so  practiced,  and  the  time  of  such  practice  in  each 
pla^e,  and  if  he  or  she  is  or  has  been  a  member  of  any  medical  society  or  societies, 
the  name  and  location  of  such  society  or  societies,  and  if  he  or  she  is  a  graduate  of 
any  medical  college  or  university.  Such  statement  shall  be  filed  by  the  county 
clerk,  and  by  him  recorded  in  a  book  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose,  to  be  called  the 
"  Physicians'  Register." 

g  3.  Whoever  shall  knowingly  make  any  false  statement  or  statements  in  the 
statement  mentioned  in  sectio:i  two  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  felony, 
and,  upon  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  penalties  which  attach  to 
the  crime  of  perjury  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Nebraska. 

§  4.  [An  ".lendmeut  to  the  original  act  passed  iri  February,  1888.]  No 
person  shall  be  entitled  to  registration  as  a  physician  or  surgeon,  under  the  provi- 
sions of  this  act  '.  ■  ■>  practice  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics,  or  any  branch 
thereof,  in  t'  i  .'1. ,  aniess  he  or  she  shrM  be  possessed  of  one  of  tlie  qualifications 
named  in  this  taction,  as  follows: 

First,  a  graduate  of  a  legally  chartered  medical  college  or  institution  having 
authority  to  grant  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine;  or, 

Second,  persons  who  can  show  evidence  that  they  have  passed  a  satisfactory 


104 


MEDICAL  LAWH  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


exiuiiinntion  before  aiedicnl  bonrds  of  other  Stntes  created  for  the  purpose  of  suoti 
exniniitiitioii,  iind  all  surgeonn  and  assistant  surgeons  who  were  commissioned  and 
served  as  such  in  the  late  war  of  tlie  rebellion;  or, 

Tliird,  a  person  wlio  shall  liave,  at  the  time  this  act  takes  effect,  attended  one 
course  of  lectures  in  a  legally  chartered  medical  college  or  institution  having 
authority  to  confer  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  and  practiced,  mediciiii' 
continually  for  three  (3)  years,  the  last  one  year  of  which  practice  shall  have 
been  in  this  State;  or, 

Fourth,  a  person  who  shall  liave  been,  at  (lie  time  of  the  taking  effect  of  thi< 
act,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics  for  a  livelihood,  fur 
a  period  of  ten  years,  the  last  two  years  of  wliieli  practice  has  been  in  this  State: 
FrovideU,  that  no  ])erson  not  a  resident  of  tiiis  State  at  tlio  time  this  act  takes 
effect,  who  has  not  received  the  degi-ee  of  doctor  of  medicine  from  a  legally  char- 
tered medical  college  or  institution  having  authority  to  grant  liie  same,  sliall  he 
admitted  to  registration  under  this  act,  or  authorized  to  practice  medicine,  surgery 
or  obstetrics  in  this  State. 

§  .5.  It  shall  be  the  duly  of  the  county  clerk  in  each  county  of  tliis  State  to 
provide,  and  keep  in  his  said  oflice  as  a  public  record,  a  book,  to  be  entitled  '"  Tin' 
Phys  cians'  Register,"  in  which  took  the  clerk  shall  record  the  statement  named  in 
section  two  of  this  act,  and  properly  index  the  same,  and  for  tiling,  recording  and 
making  transcripts  of  such  statements,  the  clerk  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  fees 
as  allowed  by  law  for  like  services  as  lo  conveyances  of  real  estate. 

§  6.  Any  person  who  shall  have  tiled  the  statement  required  by  section  two  of 
this  act,  in  one  county,  and  shall  remove  to  another  county,  shall,  before  entering 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  such  last-named  county,  procure  a  certified 
copy  of  the  record  of  his  former  registry,  and  cause  such  transcript  to  be  tiled  anti 
recorded  in  the  physicians'  register  of  such  county  in  which  he  has  removed. 

§  7.  Certified  copies  of  the  recoi'd  of  such  statements  or  transcripts  shall  he 
received  in  evidence  in  all  courts  instead  of  the  original  statement  filed  with  tho 
county  clerk. 

§  8.  No  person  shall  recover,  in  any  court  it  this  State,  any  sum  of  money 
whatever  for  any  medical,  surgical  or  obstetrical  services,  unless  he  shall  have 
complied  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  relating  to  registration,  and  is  one  of  the 
persons  authorized  by  this  act  to  be  registered  as  a  physician. 

§  i).  Any  person  not  possessing  the  qualifications  for  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine, surgery  or  obstetrics  re(iuired  by  the  provisions  of  section  four  of  this  act,  or 
any  person  who  has  not  complied  with  the  provisions  of  section  two  of  this  act  as  to 
registration,  who  shall  engage  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics,  or 
any  of  the  branches  thereof,  in  this  State,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and,  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  in  any  -.m  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  nor 
more  than  one  hundred  dollars,  and  costs  of  prosecution,  for  each  offense,  and 
shall  stand  committed  until  such  iiue  and  costs  are  paid. 

§  10.  A  person  shall  be  regarded  as  practicing  medicine,  withi'>  the  meauiuj} 
of  ''.is  act,  who  shall  publicly  profess  to  be  a  physician,  surgeon  or  obstetrician,  or 
prescribe  for  the  sick.  But  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  oonsvrued  to  prohil)it 
students  from  practicing  under  the  supervision  of  a  registered  precep'or,  or  to 
prohibit  gratuitous  services  in  cases  of  emergency,  and  this  act. shall  not  apj)ly  to 
commissioned  surgeons  in  the  United  States  army  and  tuivy. 

§  11.  Any  itinerant  vender,  who  is  not  qualified  as  hereinbefore  provided,  of  any 
drug,  nostrum,  ointment  or  appliance  of  any  kind,  intended  for  the  treatment  of 


'''''"'■•^'"■■'-^'•■'■•' 


^.W'l^^f^KVir: 


NEBRASKA. 


165 


•  the  purpose  of  sucili 
re  comnuHHioned  und 

H  effect,  iittendcii  mip 
)r  institution  liuving 
,  practiced,  mediciuo 
I   practice  shall   have 

,'  taking  effect  of  this 
!B  for  a  livelihood,  for 
,fi  been  in  this  State: 
e  time  this  act  takes 
L>  from  a  legally  char- 
nt  the  same,  shall  ho 
tice  medicine.  s\irgery 

iouuty  of  this  State  to 
k,  to  be  entitled  "  The 
le  statement  named  in 
tiling,  recording  and 
Litled  to  the  same  fees 
estate. 

aired  by  section  two  of 
,  shall,  before  entering 
iity,  procure  a  certifit'd 
iiiscript  to  be  filed  and 
he  has  removed, 
or  transcripts  shall  he 
;atement  filed  with  the 

ite,  liny  sum  of  money 
,  unless  he  shall  have 
ilion,  and  is  one  of  the 
n. 

r  the  practice  of  medi- 
ition  four  of  this  act.  or 
ion  two  of  this  act  as  to 
iurgery  or  obstetrics,  or 
uilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
than  twenty  dollars  nor 
I,  for   each  offense,  and 

ine,  withi'>  the  meaning 
rgeon  or  obstetrician,  or 
i  construed  to  prohibit 
istered  preceptor,  or  to 
is  act. shall  not  apply  to 

y- 

nbefore  provided,  of  anj 
3d  for  the  treatment  of 


any  disease  or  injury,  or  shall,  by  writing,  printing  or  any  otlier  method  except  by 
ordinary  professional  card  or  sign,  publicly  profess  to  euro  or  heal  disease,  injury 
or  deformity,  by  any  drug  or  nostrum,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and.  upon  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  iifty  dollars  nor  more 
than  one  hundred  dollars,  or  be  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  for  a  period  of  not 
less  than  thirty  days  nor  more  than  three  months,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
court,  for  each  offense. 

Ai)proved  March  :5.  1881.     Took  effect  Juve  1,  1881. 

A.  S.  V.  Manhfeld,  M.D.,  secrptjiry  of  tho  Nobraskti  Stiito  Modical 
Society,  writes:  "Pliysiciiins  geiiei-iilly  have  registered,  hut  otherwise 
tlic  hiw  is  not  enforced." 

A  committee  of  tli(>  State  Medioiil  Society  rei)ortt>d  (1882)  m 
follows: 

"  The  law  has  hiul  a  <,'ood  effect,  in  that  it  is  ]\o\\  possible  t<j  letirii 
what  are  the  qualifications  of  so  large  a  number  of  medical  practi- 
tioners ir  the  Sttile,  and  yet  yonr  committee  are  comjielled  to  report 
that  the  hiw  is  virtu.illy  a  failure,  so  far  tis  affording  protection  to  the 
peo{)le  from  the  imposition  of  (ptucks. 

"  From  the  fact  that  there  is  no  trilxmtil  before  which  may  l)e  deter- 
mined the  genuineness  of  a  di[)loma  or  Hcense,  all  kinds  of  papers 
pin-|)orting  to  be  di[)lomas  are  s])retid  upon  onr  record  books,  and  the 
peojjle,  for  whose  protection  the  law  was  inteitdetl,  not  being  able  to 
discriminate  between  thi>  true  and  the  false,  tu-e  thus  cruelly  deceived 
''V  !i  so-called  doctor,  holding  a  diploma  issued  by  some  quack  in  Cin- 
inuiti,  St.  Louis,  or  elsewhere. 

"  Yoiu-  committee  direct  special--  attention  to  tlie  large  number  of 
fraudulent  diplomtis  foinid,  tind  earnestly  request  that  some  action  be 
tiiken  by  which  the  State  mtiy  ))e  freed  of  these  imj)ostor,s." 

The  act  wtis  ttmendod  tifter  the  writing  of  this  report,  but  as  the 
rectjmmendation  of  the  society  that  a  tribunal  should  be  iippointed 
which  should  determine  the  genuineness  of  diplomtis,  was  not  heeded, 
the  law  doubtless  remains  ino})erative  as  before. 

-  Omaha   Mkihcai,  CoixEtiE. 

,  Omaha,  Neb.     (Poj).   80,518.1 

Organized  in  1S81.  Th(>  outgrowth  of  a  preparatory  school,  estab- 
lished in  1880.  under  the  name  of  the  Nebraska  School  of  Medicine.— 
The  faculty  embraces  fourteen  professors  and  a  demonstrator. 

Course   of    Instritotton:      One   annual   course   of    six    months'    duration. 

Students  not  attending  regularly,  or  leaving  before  the  close  of  the  session,  are 
catalogued  as  partial-cotu'se  students.  Three  years'  graded  course  recommended 
hut  not  re(iuired.  Daily  examinations  by  the  faculty.  Lectures  embrace  anatomy, 
physiology,  chemistry,   materia    inedicii,   clinical   surgery,   obstetrics,   diseases  of 


■n  A 


166 


MKDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


women,  disenaes  of  children,  prnclice  of  medicine,  principles  and  practice  of 
surgery,  thernpeutics,  mental  and  nervous  diseases,  medical  jurisprudence,  his- 
tology, pathology,  ophthalmology,  otology,  laryngology. 

Rkijuibementh:  For  admission,  (a)  satisfactory  evidence  of  good  moral 
character;  (6)  eighteen  years  of  age;  (c)  "creditable  English  education."-  For 
graduation;  (1)  twenty-oue  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  "such 
preliminary  education  as  is  clearly  requisite  for  a  proper  standing  with  the  public 
and  the  profession;"  (4)  three  years'  study;  (5)  two  full  courses;  (6)  clinical 
instruction  for  one  session ;  (7)  practical  anatomy  and  chemistry,  one  course;  (8) 
full  and  satisfactory  written  and   oral   examination    on  each  branch  taught;  1 9) 

thesis. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  $5;  demonstrator,  $10;  lectures,  |36;  graduation,  $'-'5. 

Students:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 

and  percentages  of  graduates  to  inatriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Per  cent. 

1881  82  33  8  28 

1882  83  ;!0  !)  30 
Average   percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the   past  two  years, 

twent]i-sLx\ 

Remaeks:  Six  partial-course  students  are  counted  auion^  the 
matriculatoH  of  1881-S2,  and  live  among  the  matriculates  of  1882-88. — 
Under  date  December  15,  1888,  J.  C.  Denise,  M.D.,  secretary  of  tlie 
board  of  trustees,  writes:  "Hereafter  all  applicants,  before  entin-ing 
the  Omaha  Medical  Cqjlege,  will  l)e  examined  in  the  elementary  English 
branches,  exce[)t  in  cases  where  a  certificate  or  diploma  is  shown  from 
some  reputable  edticational  school." 

Medical  Department  oe  the  Univeksity  of  Nebraska. 
.    ■  .    Lincoln,  Neb.     (Pop.  18,003.) 

Organized  in  1888.— The  faculty  embraces  eight  professors  and  one 
demonstrator. 

OouKSK  <JF  Inhtbuotion  :  The  course  consists  of  three  annual  terms  of  sij 
months  each.  Clinical  teaching,  practice  in  diagnosis,  daily  examinations  and 
chemical  and  microscopical  manipulations  will  occupy  a  prominent  position  in  the 
course  of  instruction.— Lectures  embrace  descriptive  and  surgical  anatomy,  physi- 
■  ology,  chemistry,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine, 
Burgery,  surgical  pathology,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  diseases  of  children,  ophthal- 
mology, otology,  and  medical  jurisprudence. 

Requibbments:  For  admission:  "No  one  will  be  admitted  to  this  department 
nnlessthe  faculty  is  satisfied  that  he  is  sufBciently  advanced  in  an  English  education 
to  pursue,  with  advantag>»  the  study  of  medicine."— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one 
years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  "must  pursue  successfully  the  study 
of  practical  anatomy  and  practical  chemistry;"  (4)  three  full  courses  of  lectures; 
(5)  satisfactory  examination  in  all  the  branches  taught. 

Fees:     None.  ^  • 


K 


rt  and  practice  of 
iirispruileiicy,   hia- 

!e  of  good  moral 
I  education."-  For 
nrncter;  (3)  "such 
iny  with  the  public 
mrses;  (6)  clinical 
ry,  one  course;  (S) 
branch  taught;  1 9) 

>;  graduation,  $25. 
3h  session  reported, 

Per  cent. 
23 

30 

the   past  two  years, 

ited  amoiif^  the 
Bsof  1882-88.— 
secretary  of  the 
,  before  entering 
mientary  Enj^lish 
ui  is  sliown  from 


EBltAfSKA. 


rofessors  and  one 

inuual  terms  of  sij 
{  examinations  and 
nent  position  in  the 
cal  anatomy,  physi- 
)ractice  of  medicine, 
if  children,  ophthal- 

1  to  this  department 
lu  English  education 
tiou:  (1)  twenty-one 
ccessfully  the  study 
courses  of  lectures; 


NEVADA. 


107 


NKVADA. 

Population,  02,200.  Number  of  physicians,  134.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  404. 

An  Act  to  Prevent  the  Practice  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  by  Uncinalified  Persons. 
The  People  of  the  State  of  Nevada,  represented  in  Senate  and  Assembly,  do 
enact  as  follows : 

Section  1.  No  person  shall  practice  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  Slate  who  has 
not  received  a  medical  education  and  a  diploma  from  some  regularly  chartered 
medical  school;  naid  school  to  have  a  bona  fide  existence  at  the  time  when  said 
diploma  was  granted. 

§  2. ,  Every  physician  or  surgeon,  when  about  to  take  up  his  residence  in  this 
State,  or  who  now  resides  here,  shall  file  for  record  with  the  county  recorder  of  the 
county  in  which  he  is  about  to  practice  his  profession,  or  where  he  now  practices 
it,  a  copy  of  his  diploma,  at  the  same  time  exhibiting  the  original,  or  a  certificate 
from  the  dean  of  the  medical  school  of  which  he  is  a  graduate,  certifying  to  his 
graduation. 

8  3.  Every  physician  or  surgeon,  when  filing  a  copy  of  his  diploma  or  certifi- 
cate of  graduation,  as  required  by  section  two  of  this  act,  shall  be  identified  as  the 
person  named  in  the  papers  about  to  be  filed,  either  by  nffldavit  of  two  citizens  of 
the  county,  or  by  his  affidavit  taken  before  a  notary  public  or  commissioner  of 
deeds  for  this  State,  which  affidavit  shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  county  recorder. 

§  4.  Any  person  practicing  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State  without  com- 
plying with  sections  one,  two  and  three  of  this  act,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of 
not  less  than  fif  [y  dollars  (|50),  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  (.|500),  or  by 
imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  for  a  period  of  Hot  less  th  in  thirty  (30)  days  nor 
more  than  six  (6)  months,  or  by  both  fine  and  imprisonment,  for  each  and  every 
offense;  and  any  person  filing  or  attempting  to  file,  as  his  own,  the  diploma  or 
certificate  of  graduation  of  another,  or  a  forged  affidavit  of  identification,  shall  be 
guilty  of  a  felony,  and,  upon  conviction,  shall  he  subject  to  such  fine  and  impris- 
onment as  is  made  and  provided  by  the  statutes  of  this  State  for  said  offense. 

§  5.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  police,  sheriff  or  constable  to  arrest  all  persons 
practicing  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State  who  have  not  compile  ^  with  the  pro- 
visions  of  this  act;  and  the  officer  making  the  arrest  shall  be  entitlea  to  one-half  of 
the  fine  collected. 

§  6.  No  portion  of  this  act  shall  apply  to  any  person  who,  in  an  emergency, 
may  prescribe  or  give  adviee  in  medicine  or  surgery  in  a  township  where  no 
physician  resides,  or  where  no  physician  resides  within  convenient  distance;  nor  to 
those  who  have  practiced  medicine  and  surgery  in  this  State  for  a  period  of  ten 
years  next  preceding  the  passage  of  this  act,  nor  to  persons  prescribing  in  their 
own  family. 

§  7.    This  act  shall  go  into  force  sixty  (60)  days  after  its  final  passage. 

Approved  January  28,  1875. 

The  following  supreme  court  decisions  relating  to  the  above  act  are 
given  in  the  digest  of  Nevada  Eoports  and   Lawyer's  Circuit  Court 
Reports  (page  297,  1878):     :, 
Phtsioians  and  Suboeons. 

1.  Act  to  prevent  the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery  by  unqualified  person-^ 
oonBtitutional.     In  construing  section  6  of  said  act.  which  provides  that  it  shr  U  nd 


^ 


lt)8 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


apply  "  to  those  who  Imve  practiced  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State  for  u  period 
of  ten  years  next  pncedinK  the  passage  of  this  act,"  i.eld,  that  said  provision  is 
not  in  violation  of  section  21  of  article  iv.  of  the  State  constitution.  10  Nev.  323. 
a.  Idem— How  far  constitutional.  Held,  that  there  is  some  reason  for  requir- 
ing twn  years'  practice  in  this  State  as  a  qualiflcation  for  the  continued  practice  of 
medicine  and  surgery,  but  there  is  no  sort  of  reason  for  requiring  that  practice  to 
have  extended  over  the  particular  ten  years  immediaMy  preceding  the  enactment 
of  the  law,  and  to  this  extent  the  law  is  unconstitutional,  because  ii-,  violation  of 
the  fourteenth  amendment  to  the  federal  constitution;  but  omitting  the  words 
"  next  preceding  the  passage  of  this  act,"  leaves  a  good  and  perfect  statute.     (By 

Beatty,  J.) 

3.     Idem.     Held,  that  said  section  is  not  in  contlict  with  any  of  the  provisiona 
of  the  State  or  federal  constitution.     (By  Hawley,  C.  J.) 


NKVV  HAMFSHIRK. 

Population,    340,991.      Number   of    physicians,    010.     Number  of 
inhab    mts  to  each  physician,  507. 
Gbneu/U.  Laws  Relating  to  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  Surgery  and  Dentistry. 

Chapteu  132.  Section  1.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  person  to  practice 
medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery  unless  such  person  shall  have  obtained  a  license 
from  some  medical  society  organized  under  the  laws  of  this  State,  i^tating  that  he 
is  qualified  in  the  branches  of  the  lAedical  profession  named  in  said  license. 

§  2.  Every  medical  society  orfranized  under  the  laws  of  this  State,  shall,  at 
such  time  and  in  such  manner  as  may  be  prescribed  in  its  charter  or  by-laws,  elect 
a  board  of  censors,  consisting  of  three  members,  who  shall  be  elected  for  such  term 
ae  may  be  prescribed  in  said  charter  or  by-laws,  which  board  shall  have  authority 
to  examine  and  license  persons  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery.  The 
board  shall  issue  licenses  without  examination  to  all  persons  who  furnish  evidence 
by  diploma  from  some  medical  school  authorized  to  confer  degrees  in  medicine 
and  surgery,  when  said  board  is  satisfied  that  the  person  presenting  such  diploma 
has  obtained  it  after  pursuing  some  prescribed  cours4  of  study  and  upon  due 
examination.  Said  board  shall  also  have  power,  upon  duo  notice  and  hearing,  to 
revoke  any  license  granted  by  said  board  when  improperly  obtained,  or  when  the 
holder  has,  by  conviction  for  crime,  or  any  other  cause,  ceased  to  be  worthy  of 
public  confidence.  Such  license  or  revocation  shall  be  recorded  by  the  clerk 
of  said  medical  society. 

§  3.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  person,  who  is  not  duly  authorized  to  prac- 
tice medicine  or  surgery,  to  practice  dentistry  unless  such  person  has  received  a 
dental  degree  from  some  college,  university  or  medical  school  authorized  to  confer 
the  same,  or  shall  have  obtained  a  license  from  the  New  Hampshire  dental  society. 
§  4.  Said  dental  society  shall,  at  such  time  pnd  in  such  manner  as'  may  be 
prescribed  in  its  charter  or  by-laws,  elect  a  board  of  censors,  consisting  of  thrse 
members,  who  shall  bo  elected  for  such  term  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  society, 
which  board  shall  have  authority  to  exarame  and  license  persons  to  practice 
dentistry.    The  license  shall  be  recorded  by  the  clerk  of  said  society. 

§  5.  No  person  receiving  a  license  as  herein  provided  shall  be  authorized  to 
practice  until  he  shall  have  procured  the  same  to  be  recorded  by  the  clerk  of  the 
court  in  the  county  in  which  he  resides,  if  a  resident  of  this  State;  if  not  a  resident 


\ 


Itnto  for  a  period 
siiid  provision  is 
on.  10  Kev.  328. 
eiiBon  for  requir- 
inued  prnctice  of 
f  thiit  jiroctice  to 
ag  the  enactment 
se  ir,  violation  of 
ilting  the  words 
feet  stutute.     (By 

of  the  provisions 


1).     Number  of 

I  Dentistry, 
person  to  practice 
obtained  a  license 
;e,  totaling  that  he 
laid  license, 
his  State,  shall,  at 
r  or  by-laws,  elect 
cted  for  such  term 
lall  have  authority 
■  midwifery.  The 
>  furnish  evidence 
grees  in  medicine 
ting  such  diploma 
idy  and  upon  duo 
le  and  hearing,  to 
lined,  or  when  the 
J  to  be  worthy  of 
rded  by  the   clerk 

luthorized  to  prao- 
ion  has  received  a 
ithorized  to  confer 
hire  dental  society, 
nanner  as-  may  be 
jonsisting  of  thrse 
bed  by  the  society, 
eraons  to  practice 
siety. 

1  be  authorized  to 
by  the  clerk  of  the 
te;  if  not  a  resident 


NEW  HAMl'SHIKK. 


]fi9 


of  tliis  State,  in  the  county  wliere  he  intends  U>  practice.  Such  licenses  shall  be 
recorded  in  u  book  provided  for  that  purpose,  and  which  shall  bear  the  title  and 

inscription  of  tiie  medical  and  dental  register  of county,  and  the 

fee  for  recording  the  same  shall  be  fifty  cents. 

g  6.  Each  person  receiving  a  license  upon  examination  shall  pay,  for  the  use 
of  tlie  society  granting  the  same,  the  sum  of  five  dollars;  upon  diploma,  one  dollar. 

§  7.  If  any  person  shall  practice  medicine,  surgery,  midwifery  or  dentistry 
without  being  duly  authorized  as  provided  in  tiiis  chapter,  or  after  his  license  is 
revoked,  he  shall  bo  punished  by  fine  of  not  more  than  tliree  hundred  dollars  for 
eacli  offense. 

55  8.  The  provisions  of  the  preceding  sections  siiall  not  apply  to  persons  who 
have  resided  and  practiced  their  piofession  in  the  town  or  city  of  their  present 
residence  during  all  the  time  since  January  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
five,  nor  to  physicians  residing  out  of  the  State,  when  called  into  the  State  for 
consultation  with  duly  licensed  physicians,  or  to  attend  upon  patients  in  the 
regular  course  of  their  business. 

Dk.  Irvino  a.  Wathon,  secretary  of  the  New  Hampshire  State  Board 
of  Health,  writes:  "While  the  metlical  act  now  in  force  in  this  State  is 
not  all  that  can  be  desired,  it  has  done  a  great  deal  of  good,  especially 
in  reducing  the  number  of  traveling  quacks.  At  the  time  of  its  enact- 
ment, it  sent  a  good  many  uneducated  practitioners  out  of  the  State, 
and  has  undoubtedly  kept  many  of  that  class  from  locating  in  the 
State.  Several  attempts  have  been  made  to  repeal  it  by  Boston  cjuacks, 
in  order  to  operate  in  this  State,  but  they  have,  in  every  instance,  been 
unsuccessful." 

Medical  Department  of  Daet.mouth  Oolleoe. — {Neic   Hampshire 

Medical  Institute.) 
Hanover,  N.  H.     (Pop.  1,134.) 

Organized  in  171»7.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1798.  Classes 
have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces 
eleven  professors,  one  lecturer,  and  an  insti'uctor. 

CocBSE  OF  Instbuctidn:  One  regular  course  of  sixteen  weeks'  duration,  one 
recitation  course  of  twenty-four  webks'  duration,  aimually,  '•  Clinical  instruction 
will  be  given  to  as  large  an  extent  as  circumstances  will  admit." — -Lectures  as 
follows:  The  courses  in  chemistry,  surgery  and  jiractice  consist  of  sixty-six  lectures 
each;  in  anatomy  and  physiology,  ninety-nine  lectures;  in  obstetrics  and  therapeu- 
tics, forty-four  lectures  each;  in  gynecology,  of  twenty-two  lectures;  shorter  courses 
in  medical  jurisprudence,  mental  diseases,  ophthalmology,  laryngology,  pharmacy, 
urinary  analysis. 

liECiniBEMENTs:  For  admission,  applicants  must  )m  eighteen  years  of  age,  and, 
unless  already  matriculates  in  medicine  or  graduates  of  some  reputable  college, 
academy  or  high  school,  will  be  examined  as  to  their  fitness  for  entering  upon  and 
appreciating  the  technical  study  of  medicine.  They  will  be  expected  to  be  familiar 
with  the  elementary  principles  of  physics  (light,  heat,  electricity,  etc.),  on  entrance. 
—  For  graduation;     (11  twenty-one  years  ol  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two 


170 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  three  full  years'  study;  (5)  cue  course  of  disseoti.m. 
Two  exnmiimtions  aniiuiilly. 

Fees;     Matriculiition,  if5;  lectures,  $77;  graduation,  125;  recitation  term,  |40. 

Students:    Number  of  matriculates  and  »f  grdduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1878  87  30  34.5 

1879  88  38  iiC.O 

1880  80  26  32.5 

1881  \-   .  IS  39  37 

1882  01  48  47.2 

1883  70  28  86.8 
Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 

thirty-flve. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  during  the  past  session,  1, 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  22. 

New  England  University  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 
Manchester,  N.  H. 
Fraudulent.     Extinct. 


NEW  JKRSKY. 

Population,  1,131,11(5.     Number  of  physicianB,  1,595.     Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  709. 
An  Act  to  regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey: 

Section  1.  That  every  person  practicing  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State,  in 
any  of  their  branches,  for  gain,  or  who  shall .  receive  or  accept  for  his  or  her 
services  any  fee  or  reward,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  shall  be  a  graduate  of  some 
legnl'j  chartered  medical  college  or  university  in  good  standing,  or  some  medical 
society  having  power  by  law  to  grant  diplomas;  and  such  person  before  entering 
upon  said  practice  shall  deposit  a  copy  of  his  or  her  diploma  with  the  clerk  of  the 
county  in  which  he  or  she  may  sojourn  or  reside,  and  shall  pay  said  clerk  ten  cents 
for  filing  the  same  in  his  office;  said  copy  to  be  a  matter  of  record,  and  open  to 
public  inspection. 

§  2.  TlittC  any  person  who  shall  practice  medicine  or  surgery  without 
conforming  to  the  requirements  of  the  first  section  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and,  on  conviction,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  twenty- 
five  dollars,  or  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  not  exceeding  six  months,  or  both, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  court,  for  each  prescription  made,  operation  performed,  or 
professional  service  rendered:  Provided,  that  any  person  who  shall  have  had 
twenty  years'  experience  in  the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery  in  one  locality, 
shall  be  exempt  from  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

§  3.  That  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  not  qualified  accordiug  to  the 
first  section  of  this  act,  to  collect  any  fees  for  medical  or  surgical  services. 

§  4.  That  any  person  who  shall  offer  for  record  a  copy  of  any  diploma  which 
shall  have  been  issued  to  any  other  person,  or  a  diploma  issued  or  obtained  fraud- 


■  •'i»u-^li'»  i"-ii'»i<<   ftiUlO'iiffiT'  Tn" 


le  of  diflneotioii. 

ation  term,  $40. 
leasion  roportod. 

Percent. 

34.5 

26.0 

32.6 

37 

47.2 

36.8 
)  past  six  years. 


OES. 


\,(*!,l^ ".III  WP«" 


NumljBi"  of 


te  of  New  Jersey : 
y  in  this  State,  in 
)t  for  his  or  her 
graduate  of  some 
or  some  medical 
1  before  entering 
li  the  cleric  of  the 
id  clerk  ten  cents 
ord,  and  open  to 

surgery    without 

shall  be  deemed 

'  a  fine  of  tweuty- 

:  months,  or  both, 

ion  performed,  or 

0  shall  have  had 
ry  in  one  locality, 

i  according  to  the 

1  services. 

ny  diploma  which 
ir  obtained  fraud- 


NEW  JERSEY. 


171 


ulently,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  high  inisdemeanor,  and,  on  conviction  thereof, 
shall  bo  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  three  hundred  dollars  nor  more  tlian 
five  hundred  dollars,  or  imprisonment  at  hard  labor  for  not  less  than  one  nor  more 
than  three  years,  or  both,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

8  5.  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be.  so  construed  as  to  prevent  any  physi- 
cian  or  surgeon  in  good  standing,  and  legally  qualified  to  practice  medicine  or 
surgery  in  the  State  in  whicli  ho  or  slie  resides,  from  practicing  in  this  State;  but 
all  persons  opening  ilny  office,  or  appointing  any  place  where  ho  or  she  may  meet 
patients  or  receive  calls,  siiaL  be  deemed  a  sojourner  in  this  State,  and  shall 
conform  to  the  first  srction  of  this  act. 

§  G.  Tiiat  this  act  sliall  take  effect  on  the  first  day  of  June,  one  tliousand 
eight  hundred  and  eighty. 

Original  act,  approved  March  12,  1880.  The  second  section,  as 
given,  being  an  amondment  to  the  original  act,  was  approved  March  2, 
1881. 

The  following  supjilement  was/ipproved  March  17,  1882. 

That  any  physician  residing  and  practicing  medicine  and  surgery  in  this  State, 
and  being  a  graduate  of  a  regularly  chartered  medical  college  or  university  having 
the  power  to  grant  diplomas,  who  within  one  year  after  the  passage  of  the  act  to 
which  this  is  a  supplement,  shall  have  deposited  a  copy  of  his  or  her  diploma  with 
the  clerk  of  the  county,  as  required  by  said  act,  shall  not  bo  liable  to  any  of  the 
fines  or  penalties  prescribed  by  said  act,  for  failure  to  comply  with  the  terms 
thereof.  , 

Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 
Organized  in  1770.  The  society  does  not  give  instruction.  It  was 
authorized  to  confer  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1800.  The  section  o*  the 
act  to  reorganize  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  and  conferring 
this  power,  is  as  follows:  "And  be  it  enacted,  that  the  society  shall  have 
the  authority  to  confer  the  degree  of  M.D.,  under  such  rules  and  regu- 
lations as  they  may  adopt,  which  degree  shall  be  deemed  sufficient 
evidence  of  a  regularly  educated  and  qualilied  practitioner  of  the 
healing  art." 

Regulations  of  the  society  concerning  the  conferring  of  the  degree  of  doctor 
of  medicine  and  honorary  membership: 

Section  1.  Candidates  for  the  degree  of  medicinie  doctor,  may  apply  to  any 
district  society  of  this  State,  and  shall  be  admitted  to  examination  under  the 
following  rules  and  regulations:  • 

Ist.  Each  district  society  shall  appoint  annually,  or  pro  re  natit,  a  committee 
of  not  less  than  five  members,  who  shall  conduct  the  examination. 

2d.  All  examinations  shall  be  in  the  presence  of  the  society  at  a  regular 
meeting;  and  no  candidate  shall  be  examined  until  lie  has  given  satisfactory  evi- 
dence of  having  reached  the  age  of  twenty-one  years;  is  of  good  moral  character; 
and  has  pursued  his  medical  studies  under  the  care  of  some  regular  practitioner 
for  the  term  of  three  years;  including  two  courses  of  lectures  in  somrf  medical 
institution  iu  aflRliation  with  the  American  Medical  Association.  If  he  has  not 
graduated  at  some  academic  college,  then  the  society  shall  be  satisfied  that  his 


172 


MEDICAL  liWVH  AND  INSTirUTIONS. 


lirnliininiiry  education  hiiH  been  mich  us  to  (iimlify  him  for  the  study  Bnd  prnotice 
of  mediciiu'. 

;t<l.  Tliii  uxaiiiiniitiou  »lmU  exlfiul  to  nil  thf  hraiichi's  tiuiKlit  in  tlm  nindiftil 
BolioolH  reco^nii/.i'd  us  iifonwiid;  and  tlm  candidate  nliall  tlicn  lu'  l)all(.tcd  for  by 
the  society;  iind  if  he  nhall  receive  the  approvinK  votes  of  twotliirds  of  all  tlie 
menibi>rs  present,  the  i)r<sidiuK  olllcer  sliall  ^ive  a  certittcate  to  tiiat  effect  to  the 
ciindidate. 

4th.  Tliis  certiliciite  may  be  presented  at  the  next  or  any  suliseiiuent  rej^uhir 
nieetinK  of  tliis  society,  not  extending  beyond  the  period  of  three  years,  with  ii 
written  tliesis  upon  some  medical  subject;  and  if  upon  a  ballot  they  slnvH  be 
appioved  by  a  ni^ijority  of  the  members  present,  the  candidate.  u])on  tlie  payment 
of  fifteen  dollars,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  diph)ma. 

The  honorary  dejjree  of  M.D.  may  be  conferred  by  the  society,  by  a  vote  by 
ballot  of  three-fourths  of  the  members  present:  i)rovided.  the  nomination  shall 
have  been  made  at  a  precedinR  meetinj,',  and  provided  the  candidate  has  been  a 
rejrular  practitioner  for  the  period  of  seven  years. 

i?  2.  Practitioners  of  medicine  of  this  or  any  other  State  may  be  admitted  as 
honorary  members  by  a  vote  by  ballot  of  the  society,  provided  that  the  nomina- 
tions be  made  at  a  jrevious  meeting.  The  nomination  shall  be  referred  to  a 
special  committee  of  three  ai>pointed  by  the  president,  and  the  nominee  shall  not 
be  considered  as  eligible  to  election  till  the  committee  report.  I'he  privilege  of 
honorary  membership  shall  not  confer  the  right  to  vote. 

(iiunuATEs:  Eight  or  ten  diplomas  have  been  conferred.  Two  were  conferred 
in  1S81.  and  one  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  society  in  188.3. 

LiviNoaTON  University,  Haddonfielp,  New  Jersey. 
A  Buchanan  institution,  which  was  frandnh>nt  and  is  now  extinct. 

HvQEO-TlIEUAPEUTIC    Coi.LEGE,    BeROEN    HeIOHTS,    NeW    .IeRSEY. 

Extinct.  See  List  of  InBtitutions  not  recognized  by  the  Illinois 
State  Board  of  Health. 


NKW  MKXICO. 

Population,    119,505.      Number  of   physicians,    80.      Number    of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  1,494. 

An  Act  to  Protect  the  Public  Health  and  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the 
Territory  of  New  Mexico. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico: 
Section    1.     That  a  territorial  board  of  snedical  examiners  is  hereby  estab- 
lished, which  shall  be  composed  of  seven  practicing  physicians  of  known  ability 
and   integrity,  who  are  graduates  of   some  medical  school,  college  or  university 
duly  estalilished  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  laws  of  the  country  in  which  such 
medical  school,  college  or  university  Ib  situated,  giving  each  of  the  three  schools 
or  systems  of  medicine  the  following  representation,  to-wit:  The  allopathic  school, 
or  system  of   medicine,  four  members;   the  homoeopathic  school,  or  system,  two 
members;  the  eclectic  school,  or  system  of  medicine,  one  member. 


it-lnrui'WMJIiti  l»l«."  ■klililDL.BW^Ii  l«,»iw»''l»i'" 


iiuimm.il^'if 


~ymrr—rv^ 


nnd  prnotioe 

1  tlui  nitidiutit 
llt.tiul  for  by 
riln  of  nil  tliP 
t  efffct  to  the 

ji'urK,  Willi  11 
llu'j-  hIiivH  bp 
I  the  imynient 

by  a  vote  by 
liiiatiou  xliall 
te  hixn  been  n 

le  admitted  as 
the  iioinina- 
referred  to  a 
liiiee  Hhnll  not 
e  privilejje  of 

vere  conferred 


EV. 

aw  oxtinct. 

Jersey. 
the  Illinois 


Number    of 

ledicine  in  the 

lew  Mexico: 
hereby  estab- 
known  ability 
3  or  university 
in  which  such 
3  three  schools 
opathic  school, 
or  system,  two 


NEW  MEXICO. 


178 


S^  2.  The  governor  shall,  as  soon  as  practicable  after  the  passafLtc  of  this  act, 
appoint  a  territorial  boaril  of  medical  exainiiiers,  as  jirovided  for  in  the  preceding 
section,  who  shall  hold  their  offices  for  two  years  from  and  after  their  appoiiitiueiit, 
nnd  until  tli(«ir  successors  shall  have  bi'en  appointed  and  i|iialitled.  'Ihcreaftcr  the 
ffovernor  shall  appoint,  every  two  years,  a  like  board  as  hereinbefurt"  described,  and 
he  shall  also  till  all  vacancies  that  may  occur  as  soon  as  practicable  after  having'  been 
notiiled  of  the  existence  of  such  vacancy  by  tho  secretary  of  the  board ;  Provided, 
that  ill  iii.ikiiiK  biennial  appointments  or  lilliiit,'  vacancies,  the  representation  of 
the  medical  schools  shall  not  be  clianj^ed  from  the  ori^jinal  basis,  as  in  section  one 
of  this  act.  The  board  of  examiners  so  appointed  shall  ^,'o  before  a  county  jud^e 
and  make  oath  that  they  are  rej{ular  (graduate-  or  licentiates,  and  that  they  will 
faithfully  perforin  the  duties  of  their  offices. 

S  il.  The  territorial  board  of  examiners  shall  organize  within  lliice  months 
afttir  the  passage  of  this  act.  They  shall  procure  a  seal,  and  shall  receive  throu}{h 
their  secretary  applications  for  certittcates  and  exanlinationf^  The  president  of 
such  board  shall  have  authority  to  administer  oaths,  and  the  I)oard  to  laki>  testi- 
mony in  all  matters  relatin;f  to  their  ilutits.  They  shall  issue  ct  rtilieates  to  all 
who  furnish  satisfactory  proof  of  having  received  dii)lomas  or  licenses  from 
legally  chartered  mediual  institutions  in  good  standing;  they  shall  prepare  two 
forms  of  certilicates,  one  for  persons  in  possession  of  diplomas  or  licenses,  tho 
other  for  candidates  examined  by  the  board.  Tn  selecting  places  to  hold  their 
meetings,  they  shall,  as  far  as  reasonable,  accoinmodale  applicants  residing  in 
different  sections  of  the  territory,  and  due  notice  shall  be  published  of  all  their 
meetings.  Certificates  shall  be  signed  by  all  the  ineiubers  of  tho  board  gianting 
them,  and  by  the  president  of  the  board,  upon  a  recommendation  of  a  majority 
thereof. 

tj  4.  Said  territorial  board  of  examiners  shall  examine  dii>lomas  as  to  their 
genuineness,  and  if  the  diplomas  shall  be  found  genuine,  as  represented,  tho  secre- 
tary of  the  board  of  examiners  shall  receive  a  fee  of  five  (5)  dollars  from  each 
graduate  or  licentiate,  and  no  further  charge  shall  be  made  to  the  applicant;  but 
if  it  be  found  to  be  fraudulent,  or  not  lawfully  owned  by  the  possessor,  the  boar  ' 
shall  be  entitled  to  charge  and  collect  twenty  dollars  of  the  ai)|)licant  presenting 
such  diploma.  The  verification  of  the  diploma  slitill  consist  in  the  afHdavit  of  the 
holder  ami  applicant  that  he  is  the  lawful  possessor  of  the  same,  and  that  he  is  the 
person  therein  named.  Such  affidavit  may  be  taken  before  any  person  authorized 
to  administer  oaths,  and  the  same  shall  be  attested  under  the  hand  and  official  seal 
of  said  officer,  if  he  has  a  seal.  Graduates  may  present  their  diplomas  and  affida- 
vits, aa  provided  by  this  act,  by  letter  or  by  proxy,  and  the  board  of  examiners 
shall  issue  its  certificate  the  same  as  though  the  owner  of  the  diploma  were 
present. 

§  5.  All  examinations  of  persons  not  graduates  or  licentiates  shall  be  made 
directly  by  the  board,  and  the  certificates  given  by  a  majority  of  the  board  shall 
authorize  the  possessor  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  in  the  territory  of  New 
Mexico. 

S  6.  Every  person  holding  a  certificate  from  a  board  of  examiners,  shall  have 
it  recorded  in  the  county  clerk's  office  in  every  county  in  which  he  practices,  or 
attempts  to  practice,  medicine  or  surgery,  in  a  book  kept  by  the  clerk  for  that 
purpose,  which  shall  be  known  as  the  certificate  book  of  physicians  and  surgeons. 

§  7.  When  the  certificate  is  filed  by  tho  clerk,  ho  shall  record  the  same  and 
attach  his  certificate  thereto,  which  shall  show  the  date  of  filing  and  recording. 


174 


MEDICAL  LAWH  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


and  the  nunibur  of  the  book  nnd  i)»t<t'  ^'^  ^'x'  t-«cord,  nnd  nhnll  kcop  iiii  alphiibeti- 
ciil  index  of  the  nnines  of  nil  pliyHiciiiim  xo  tUiii^r  their  certitlonteH,  nnd  he  Hhull  lie 
ikllowed  the  niiine  fees  us  now  allowed  for  HJniilar  services. 

S  8.  Cundidates  for  exannnutioii  shall  pay  a  fee  in  advnnoe  of  ten  dollnrn  to 
the  secretary. 

5^  9.  All  exauunatioHH  of  persons  not  graduates  shall  be  made  directly  by  the 
territorial  board  of  examiners.  Examinutions  may  bo  made,  in  whole  or  in  part, 
in  writing,  ayd  the  subjects  of  exHininatiiins  shall  be  as  follows,  to-wit:  Anatomy, 
physiology,  chemistry,  pathology,  surgery,  obstetrics,  and  practice  of  medicine 
(exclusive  of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics). 

^  10.  The  territorial  litiard  of  examiners  may  refuse  cortiilcates  to  individuals 
guilty  of  unprofessional  or  dishonorable  conduct,  and  they  may  revoke  cortiilcates 
for  like  causes. 

S  11.  Any  person  shall  be  regarded  as  jiracticiug  medicine  within  the  mean- 
ing of  this  act  who  shall  profess  publicly  to  be  a  physician  and  to  prescribe  for 
the  sick,  or  who  shall  append  to  his  name  the  letters  "  M.D."  Hut  nothing  in  this 
act  shall  bo  ouiistrund  to  prohibit  students  from  proscribing  under  the  supervision 
of  preceptors,  or  to  prevent  women  from  jiracticing  midwifery,  or  to  prohibit 
gratuitous  services  in  cases  of  emergency,  and  this  act  shall  not  apply  to  commis- 
sioned surgeons  or  acting  surgeons 'of  the  United  States  army  and  :iavy. 

t?  12.  Any  person  jiracticing  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  Territory,  without 
complying  with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  bo  punished  by  a  tine  of  not  less 
than  fifty  dollars,  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  for  each  and  every  offense; 
aiid  any  person  tiling,  or  attenij)ting  to  file,  as  his  own,  th(<  diploma  or  certittcate  of 
another,  or  a  forged  alUdavitof  identification,  nhall  be  guilty  of  a  felony,  and  upon 
conviction  shall  be  subject  to  such  fine  and  imprisonment  as  are  made  and  pro- 
vided by  the  statutes  of  this  Territory  for  the  crime  of  forgery,  but  the  penalties 
shall  not  be  enforced  until  on  and  after  the  thirtieth  day  of  June,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  eighty-two:  I'roviiled,  that  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  apply  to 
those  who  have  been  practicing  medicine  ten  years  within  this  Territory. 

§  18.  The  code  of  ethics  of  the  American  Medical  Association  shall  bo  the 
standard  nnd  rule  of  decision  concerning  professional  conduct  of  members  of  the 
medical  profession  for  the  ])uri>oses  of  this  act. 

§  14.  A  majority  of  the  members  of  the  medical  board  created  by  this  act, 
when  qualified  according  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  are  authorized  and  empow- 
ered to  exercise  all  the  powers  and  perform  all  the  duties  authorized  and  required 
of  such  board  by  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

§  15.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  attorney-general  nnd  district  nttorneyfi  to 
prosecute  any  and  all  persons  who  shnll  be  guilty  of  violating  any  of  its  pro- 
visions. 

8  16.  Any  person  who  shall  unlawfully  collect  or  receive  any  fee  or  compen- 
sation for  services  as  physician  or  surgeon,  in  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act,  shall  be  liable  to  the  party  from  whom  the  same  shall  be  collected  or  received 
in  double  the  amount  thereof,  to  be  collected  by  nn  action  in  debt. 

§  17.  This  net  shnll  take  efifeot  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  the  date  of  its 
passage  nnd  approval. 

Approved  March  2,  1882. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Cunningham,  of  Las  Vegas,  writes:  "I  am  inclined  to 
think  the  law  was  a  little  premature  for  this  Territory,  fi-om  the  fact 


V 


/ 


*^>, 


o^,  \^>^^^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


■  50         

1^  IIIM 
If  1^ 


2.2 


Ui 


1^ 


1.8 


1.25 

1.4 

1.6 

^ 6"     — 

► 

Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


\ 


<v 


•P 


:\ 


\ 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


''^'^    A  ^""^ 


m 


■tali 


CIHIVI/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


i  III  II 1 1 II,' .« ■  .)-j",i'.« 


NEW  MEXICO— NEW  YORK. 


175 


that  we  havo  a  great  iimnv  small  Mexican  towns  in  the  Territory,  with 
populations  ranging  from  two  hmulre*!  to  four  Immlred  inhabitants, 
who  occasionally  need  medical  advice,  but  are  iinalile  to  send  to  the 
larger  towns,  there  being  no  ])hysiciaii  of  any  i)articnlar  ability  who 
cares  to  live  in  these  isolated  localities;  while  the  law  prevents  their 
former  '  make-shifts '  from  practicing.  I  know  of  no  other  Territory, 
nnlesH  it  may  be  Arizona,  where  this  objection  may  be  mged  with  so 
much  force  as  here.' 

NEW  YORK. 

Population,  5,082,871.  Number  of  physicians,  9,272.  Number  of 
inhiibitants  to  each  physician,  548. 

An  Act  to  Regulato  the  Practice  of  Medicine  und  Surgery  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

The  People  of  the  State  of  New  York,  represented  in  Senate  and  Assembly, 
do  enact  as  follows ; 

Section  1.  A  person  shall  not  practice  ^'"nysic  or  sin-gery  within  the  State, 
unless  he  is  twenty-one  yen-s  of  nge,  and  either  I. as  been  heretofore  authorized  so 
to  do,  i)ursuant  to  the  laws  in  force  at  the  time  of  his  authorization,  or  is  hereafter 
authorized  so  to  do  as  prescribed  by  chapter  seven  hundred  and  forty -six  of  the 
laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two,  or  by  subsequent  sections  of  tliis  act. 

§  2.  Every  jjerson  now  lawfully  engaged  in  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery 
within  the  State  shall,  on  or  before  the  ttrst  day  of  October,  eighteen  liundred  and 
eighty,  and  every  person  hereafter  duly  authorized  to  [iractice  physic  and  surgery, 
shall,  before  comment-ng  to  practice,  register  in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  county 
where  he  is  practicing,  or  intends  to  commence  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery, 
in  a  book  to  be  kept  by  said  clerk,  his  name,  residence  and  place  of  birth,  together 
■with  his  authority  for  so  practicing  physic  and  surgery  as  prescribed  in  this  a  3t. 
The  person  so  registering  shall" subscribe  and  verify  by  oath  or  nfiirniation,  beiure 
a  person  duly  ([ualitied  to  administer  oaths  under  the  laws  of  the  State,  an  affidavit 
containing  such  facts,  and  whether  such  authority  is  by  diploma  or  license,  and 
the  date  of  the  same,  and  by  whom  granted,  which,  if  wilfully  false,  shall  subject 
the  affiant  to  conviction  and  ))unisliment  for  perjury.  The  county  clerk  to  receive 
a  fee  of  twenty-five  cents  for  such  registration,  to  be  paid  liy  the  person  so 
registering. 

§  3.  A  person  who  violates  either  of  the  two  preceding  sections  of  this  act, 
or  who  shall  practice  physic  or  surgery  under  cover  of  a  diploma  illegally  obtained, 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and,  on  conviction,  shall  be  pun- 
ished by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  nor  more  than  one  hundred  dollars  for 
tlie'  first  offense,  and  for  each  subsequent  offense  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  one 
hundred  dollars,  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  for  not 
less  than  thirty  nor  more  than  ninety  days,  or  both.  The  fine  when  collected  shall 
be  paid,  the  one-half  to  the  person  or  corporation  making  the  complaint,  the  other 
half  into  the  county  treasury. 

§  4.  A  person  coming  to  the  State  from  without  the  State  may  be  licensed  to 
practice  physio  and  surgery,  or  either,  within  the  State  in  the  following  manner: 
If  he  has  a  diploma  conferring  jpon  him  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  issued 
by  an  incorporated  univejuity,  medical  college,  or  medical  school  without  the  State, 


.  f 


176 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


he  shall  exhibit  the  siime  to  the  faculty  of  soinn  incorporated  medical  c^ollogo  or 
medical  si-liool  of  this  Slate,  with  satisfnctoiy  evidence  of  IiIm  j^ood  moral  char- 
acter, and  such  othei  evidence,  if  any,  of  his  iiiiHlificatious  as  a  |)hysieian  or 
gnrgeon,  as  said  faculty  may  require.  If  his  diploma  and  ((ualillcations  are 
ai)proved  hy  them,  then  thi^y  shall  indorse  said  diploma,  which  shall  make  it  for 
the  |)urpose  of  his  license  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  within  tliis  State  the 
aame  as  if  issued  by  them.  The  applicant  shall  pay  to  the  dean  of  suid  faculty 
the  sum  of  twenty  dollars  for  such  examination  and  indorsement.  This  indorsed 
diploma  shall  authorize  him  to  practice  physic  and  surgery  within  the  State  upon 
his  complying  with  the  ^irovisions  of  section  two  of  this  act. 

§  5.  The  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  lawfully  conferred  by  any  incorpor- 
ated medical  college  or  university  in  this  State,  shall  be  a  license  to  practice  physio 
and  surgery  within  the  State  after  the  person  to  whom  it  i  granted  shall  have 
complied  with  section  two  (jf  this  act. 

tj  (i.  Nothing  in  this  act  shall  apply  to  commissioned  medical  officers  of  >lie 
United  States  army  or  navy,  or  of  !ho  United  States  marine-hospital  service.  Nor 
shall  it  apply  to  any  person  who  has  practiced  medicine  and  surgery  for  ten  yi'.irs 
last  ))ast,  and  who  is  now  pursuing  the  study  of  medicine  and  surgery  in  auy 
legally  incorporated  medical  college  wilhiti  this  Stale,  and  who  shall  graduite 
from,  and  receive  a  diploma,  within  two  years  from  the  passage  of  this  act. 

§  7.  All  acts  or  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  the  jvrovisioni  of  this  act  are 
hereby  repealed. 

Passed  May  29,  1880. 

Remakks;     Dr.  H.  (t.  Piff.vrd,  (jf  Ntnv  York  City,  wntes: 

"TIio  Now  York  liiw  of  1S80  is  a  goodorio.  Thero  is  bat  ono  defect, 
namely,  that  i)erjiiry  in  registering  is  only  a  luisdemoanor  and  punish- 
able as  siTch,  and  not  a  felony  as  it  should  and  was  intended  to  be.  An 
intelligent  lawyer  can  secure  conviction  in  nearly  every  case  he  prose- 
cutes. The  law  is  of  course  not  as  good  and  us  thorough  as  we  would 
like;  but  it  is  as  good  as  there  is  auy  prosixH-t  of  hjiving  at  present." 

Dk.  PtFFARn,  in  a  serie.s  of  articles  which  appeared  in  the  New  York 
Medical  Journal,  gives  a  history  ol  ^.icdlcal  legislation  in  New  York, 
from  which  the  following  extracts  are  made: 

"The  first  law  relating  to  the  regulation  of  the  practic(>  of  metlicine 
in  the  State  of  New  York,  was  passed  in  ISOO,  and  amended  in  l(S07. 
In  1813,  a  now  act  was  passed,  and  this  was  amended  in  18]. S  and  in 
1819.  These  statutes,  although  unsatisfactory,  seem  to  have  l.-enn 
stepping  stones  to  greater  powers,  for  in  1827,  the  profession  gained  a 
definite  aiul  substantial  victory,  the  medical  act  of  that  year  placing  in 
their  hands  the  sujneme  control  and  regulation  of  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  this  State.  The  snp{)ression  of  cpiackery  was  in  the  hands  of 
the  county  societies,  each  having  jimsdiction  in  its  own  district.  In 
1842,  a  law  was  secured,  by  the  efforts  of  homoeopathic  i)hysicians, 
depriving  the  society  of  this  power.  This  law,  moreover,  went  further 
than  this,  as  it  repealed  the  penal  clause  of  the  act  of  1827,  and  virtu- 


£l 


NEW  YORK. 


177 


ledical  colli^g»<  "i" 
^ood  moral  chur- 
s  11  i>hysiciiin  or 
luiiliticiitioii^  m-o 
4iall  make  it  for 
liu  this  State  the 
III  o£  si.id  faculty 
it.  This  indorsed 
lin  the  State  upon 

1  by  any  incorpor- 
to  practice  pl>y:»io 
ranted   shall   have 

lical  officers  of  the 
pital  service.  Nor 
rgery  for  ten  yi^irs 
ud  surgery  in  any 
vho  shall  graduite 
■  of  this  act. 
ion.    of  this  act  are 


writes: 

is  but  oni>  Jofect, 
iiuor  uud  punish- 
:emlocl  to  be.  An 
n-y  case  ho  prose- 
)ui'h  as  we  wotiW 
iug  at  present." 
[  in  the  Now  York 
on  in  New  York, 

■actice  of  medicine 
amended  in   11S()7. 
d  in   181H  and  in 
em    to  have  been 
irofession  gained  a 
mt  year  plaeinjj;  in 
e  practice  of  me.li- 
is  in  the  hands  of 
1  own  district.     In 
opatliic  physicians, 
eovor,  went  farther 
of  1S27,  and  virtu- 


ally periaitted  any  who  chose,  educated  or  not,  to  practice  medicine  in 
this  .State.  This  permitted  quacks  of  all  sorts  and  deaoriptious  to  ply 
their  vocations  without  fear  of  molestation. 

"  By  a  law  enacted  in  ISOB,  the  ])ower  of  coimty  Bocieties  to  purge 
themselves  of  '  irregular '  practitioners  was  restored,  giving  them 
almost  plenary  powers  in  matters  of  discipline.  The  State  medical 
society  secure  I  n  188t),  the  passage  of  a  law  reducing  the  number  of 
bodies,  competent  to  legitimize  practitioners  of  medicine,  from  one 
hundred  and  fifty  to  thirteen.  Those  thirteen  bodies  are  the  medical 
colleges  of  the  State. 

"Prosecutions  for  violation  of  the  law  may  be  undertaken  by  individ- 
uals, or  county  societies.  In  New  York  county  these  prosecutions  have 
been  numerous,  and  mainly  successful.  Thus  far  but  one  flaw  or  serious 
imperfection  in  the  law  has  been  discovered— najnely,  that  the  penalty 
for  perjury  in  connection  with  registration  is  not  sufficiently  severe. 
That  the  law  is  all  that  is  to  be  desired,  or  that  it'is  the  best  medical 
act  in  this  country,  is  far  from  being  claimed.  In  fact,  I  believe  that 
Illinois  and  North  Carolina  have  better  ones,  both  from  a  theoretical 
and  practical  standpoint." 

College  of  Physicians  and    Surgeons    in    the  City  or   New  York. — 

(Medical  Department  of  Columbia  College.) 

New  York  City.     (Pop.  l,'206,2i)9.) 

Organized  in  1807,  by  the  regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  as  their  medical  department,  under  the  name  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  the  City  of  New  York.  The  institution 
was  connected  with  the  Columbia  College  for  a  short  period  in  1814, 
and  became  permanently  connected  with  it  in  1860,  when  the  medical 
department  of  Columbia  College  was  added  to  the  original  title.  The 
original  medical  department  of  Columbia  College  was  organized  in  1 767 ; 
it  was  snjpended  dm'ing  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  became  extinct 
in  1813.  The  first  class  was  graduated  by  this  college  in  1811.  Classes 
have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  nine 
professors,  one  adjunct  professor,  eight  clinical  professors  and  lecturers, 
four  demonstrators,  one  assistant  to  a  prof es,, or,  and  thirty  clinical 
assistants. 

CouBSE  OF  Inbtbuotion:  The  college  year  consists  of  a  single  session  of 
seven  months,  with  the  usual  holiday  vacations.  Clinics  at  hospitals  and  dispen- 
saries; attendance  optional  and  admission  free.  Recitations  are  held  daily; 
attendance,  optional;  fees  required,  $40.  Three  years'  graded  course  recommended, 
but  not  required.  The  instruction  at  this  college  consists  of  didactic  lectures,  with 
demonstrations,  clinical  teaching,  recitations,  and  practical  teaching  in  subjects 
12 


i 


w^wwwmPtyT 


ITS 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


involviiif^  manipulation.  ^  Lectureit  embrnoe,  (1)  anatomy;  ^2)  physiology  and 
hygiene;  (3)  physics,  chemistry  and  medical  jnrisprndeuce;  (4)  materia  medica 
and  tliorapcutics;  (5)  obstetrics  and  the  diseases  of  women  and  children;  (0)  sur- 
gery; (7)  patliology  and  practical  medicine,  ophtiialmology,  otology,  venereal 
diseases,  mental  and  nervous  diseases,  laryngoscopy,  dermatology.  Attendance 
upon  the  above  courses  of  lectures  is  a  prerequisite  for  graduation. 

REiitJiiiKMENTs:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  ye.irs 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (il)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses;  (6j 
satisfactory  examinnlion  in  seven  branches;  (6)  thesis.  The  examinations  for  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  medicine  are  in  writing,  and  are  held  twice  a  year,  viz.:  (1) 
immediately  after  the  close  of  the  lectures  of  the  .oUege  year  in  May;  (2)  during 
the  second  and  third  weeks  of  Septe  nber.  According  to  tiie  merits  of  his  thesis 
and  examinations  three  results  of  the  latter  are  possible  in  the  case  of  a  candidate 
for  the  degree  ji  M.D. :  1.  He  is  "passed"  when  his  thesis  and  examinations  liave 
been  satisfactory  in  each  and  all  of  the  seven  principal  brancheh  of  medical  teach- 
ing. 2.  He  is  "'conditioned"  when  the  average  mei;t  of  his  thesis  ai:d  examinations 
has  been  satis  fact  )ry,  while  in  one  or  more  branches  he  has  been  fouu-l  !.cflcient. 
In  this  case  the  candidate  can  proceed  to  his  degree  only  on  the  condition  that  he 
first  pass  a  re-examination  in  the  deficient  branch  or  branches,  not  sooner  thaii  at 
the  next  regular  semi-annual  examination,  3.  He  is  '"rejected  "  when  the  average 
merit  of  his  tiiesis  and  examinations  has  been  unsatisfactory;  in  this  ciise  the  can- 
didate iiuist  hf  rn-examined  in  all  the  seven  Ijranchcs.  but  the  writing  of  a  now  thesis 
is  rarely  required. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  i^'>;  lectures,  ,f  140;  demonstrator.  ijilO;  graduation,  $30. 

Students:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  eacli session  reported, 
and  nercentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 
Session.  Matriculates. 

1877-78  413 

1878  7!)  485 

1879  80  513 

1880  81  555 

1881  82  547 

1882  83  543 
Average  percentage  of  graduates  to 

twentij-two. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  8. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  50. 

Bemabks:     "An  immense  majority  of  the  students  of  this  college 

now  take  the  three  years'  graded  course." 


Graduates. 

Percent. 

109 

27 

95 

19.6 

117 

22.8 

120 

21.6 

115 

21 

125 

23 

riculates  during 

th. 

past  six  years, 

CoLJiEGE  OF  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  thi,  Western  District   of 
.     •  New  York. 

Fairfield,  N.    Y. 

Organized  in  1812. — Extinct  since  1840.— During  its  existence  it 
afforded  instruction  to  3,123  students,  and  graduated  589. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  9. 


NEW   YOIiK. 


179 


)hysioloKy  "ind 
iiiitcria  medicfi 
ildmi;  (i>)  sur- 
oloj^y,  venereal 
ry.     \ttendnnce 

wenty-oue  years 
full  courses;  (5; 
liiintions  for  the 
a  year,  viz.:     (,1) 

Miiy;  C-^)  du»-i"g 
Tits  of  his  thesis 
se  of  II  cnnditlnte 
iciiminntidus  htivc 
of  medical  toach- 
\ci  examinations 
1  fouu'1    deficient. 

condition  that  he 
lot  sooner  than  at 
when  the  average 

fliis  case  the  can- 
iufr  of  a  now  thesis 

);  graduation,  $30. 
li  session  reported, 

Percent. 

27 
19.6 

21.6 

21 

23 

till    past  six  years, 


of  this  college 


[IN  District   of 


g  its  existence  it 
589. 


New  Mkdioai.  Institution. — {Medical  Departmenl  of  (ffucen'8  College, 

New  Jersey.) 

New  York  City. 
Organized  in  1814.— SHspendod  in  1810.— In  1820  the  Now  Medical 
Institution  was  revived  under  the  auspices  of  llutgers  (ft)ruierly  Queen's) 
College,  N.  J.,  but  became  extinct  in  1830.     It  is  probable   that  the 
diplomas  issued  after  its  revival  were  illegal. 

New  York  School  of  Medicine. 
New  York  City. 
Organized  under  the  auspices  of   the  New  York  County  Medical 
Society  in  1831. 

AuBiRN  Medical  School. 
Auburn,  N.  Y, 
Extinct. — Date  of  organization  and  of  extinction  unknown. 

Geneva  Medical  College. 
Geneva,  N.  Y. 

Organized  in  1839. — Extinct.    Merged  into  the  College  of  Medifiae 
of  Syracuse  University  in  1872  (vide  infra). 
Number  of  gi'aduates  in  Illinois,  17. 

Albany  Medical  College. — (Medical  Department,  Union  University.) 
Albany,  N.  Y.     (Pop.  90,758.) 

Organized  in  1839.  The  first  class  graduated  in  1840.  It  became 
connected  with  Union  University  in  1873,  when  the  present  title  was 
assumed. — The  faculty  embraces  twelve  professors,  two  adjunct  pro- 
fessors, a  demonstrator  of  anatomy,  a  lecturer  and  a  curator. 

CouasE  OF  Instbuction:  One  regular  session  of  twenty-four  weeks'  duration, 
annually.  Written  examinations  are  held  monthly;  clinics  at  hospital  and  dispen- 
sary; three  years'  graded  course  required. — Lectures  embrace  anatomy,  histology, 
pathological  anatomy,  physiology,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  diseases  of  the 
throat,  chemical  philosophy,  chemistry,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  clinical 
medicine,  medical  jurisprudence,  hygiene,  psychological  medicine,  diseases  of  the 
nervous  system,  fractures  and  dislocations,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery, 
surgical  pathology,  operative  surgery,  dermatology,  ophthalmology,  .tology, 
obBtetrics,  diseases  of  women. 

Reqiubements:  For  admission:  (a)  graduates  from  recognized  colleges, 
scientific  schools  or  medical  institutions,  and  (6)  students  presenting  certificates  of 
competency  from  the  censors  of  the  medical  society  of  the  county  from  which  they 
come,  will  not  be  required  to  pass  the  preliminary  examination  on  j(aning  the  school; 
(c)  all  others  will  be  required  to  pass  examinations  by  a  page  written  at  the  time, 


180 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


of  wliich  the  orthography,  graminiitioal  coustruotion  nnd  penmanship  will  bf  con- 
sidered, and  in  nrithmetio,  grammar,  geography  and  elementary  physics. — Per 
graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (31  three 
years'  study ;  (4)  "  three  years'  graded  courn"  in  this  college,  or  the  equivalent  of 
the  first  two  courses  elsewhere,  and  the  last  in  tho  college;"  (5)  thesis;  ((>)  "satis- 
factory examination  in  the  several  branches  of  medicine  and  surgery."  Final 
examinations  conducted  chiefly  in  writing,  and  are  intended  to  be  thorough,  but 
just  to  the  student.     Regular  and  punctual  attendance  is  required. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  16;  lectures,  1 100;  demonstrator,  (ji  10;  graduation,  |25; 
laboratory,  $10. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent 

1877-78 

168 

SI 

20.2 

1878-79 

161 

•48 

26.7 

1879-80 

178 

46 

26.8 

1880-81 

172 

58 

83.7 

1881-82 

170 

S4 

81.7 

1882-83 

157 

.51 

32.6 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
twe7iti/-ei(ihf. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  38. 

Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York. 
{University  Medical  College.) 

New  York  City. 

Organized  in  1841.  The  first  clasi;  was  graduated  in  1842.  Classes 
have  been  graduated  in  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces 
thirteen  professors,  one  demonstrator,  one  curator,  six  lecturers,  ten 
laboratory  instructors  and  twenty  clinical  assistants. 

CouBSE  OP  Inbtbuotion:  A  preliminary  winter  session  of  two  weeks'  dura- 
tion, a  regular  winter  session  of  twenty-three  weeks'  duration,  and  a  spring  session, 
almost  exclusively  clinical,  of  ten  weeks'  duration,  annually.  The  instruction 
consists  of  didactic  and  clinical  lectures,  daily  faculty  examinations,  and  practical 
demonstration  of  subjects  by  manipulation. — Lectures  embrace  physiology, 
histology,  otology,  pathology,  practice  of  medicine,  materia  medica,  therapeutics, 
diseases  of  the  nervous  system,  surgery,  clinical  snrfr:iry,  obstetrics,  diseases  of 
women  and  children,  surgical  pathology,  surgical  anat*  uy,  medical  jurisprudence, 
diseases  of  the  mind,  physiological  chemistry,  ophtha' mology,  orthopedic  surgery, 
chemistry,  medical  botany,  hygiene,  dermatology  and  laryngology. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (11  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  "  two  winter  sessions  of  lectures;"  (4)  three 
years'  study;  (6)  one  course  of  practical  anatomy;  (8)  satisfactory  written  examin- 
ations on  surgery,  chemistry,  practice  of  medicine,  mat«ria  medica,  anatomy, 
physiology,  and  obstetrios.^Rejected  candidates  will  not  be  permitted  to  apply  for 
re-examination  for  one  year.  Honorary  degrees  are  not  granted.  Two  commence- 
ments take  place  annually,  at  either  of  which  the  candidates  who  have  complied 


NEW  YORK. 


181 


1  will  he  con- 
ihysics.— ?or 
3r;  (3)  three 
equiviili'ut  of 
lis;  (6)  "rtntia- 


gery.' 


Final 


thorougli,  but 

adufttiou,  !f25; 

jBion  reported, 

ercent. 
20.2 
26.7 
25.8  * 
33.7 
31.7 
32.5 
past  six  years, 


w  New  York. 


1842.    Glasaes 

iilty  embraces 

ecturers,  ten 

:,wo  weeks'  dura- 
a  spring  sesBion, 
The  instruction 
ns,  and  practical 
race  physiology, 
lica,  therapeutics, 
jtrics,  diseases  of 
cal  jurisprudence, 
thopedic  surgery, 

twenty-one  years 
clures;"  (4)  three 

written  examiu- 
medica,  anatomy, 
nitted  to  apply  for 

Two  commence- 
ho  have  complied 


with  the  above  requirements  may  graduate.    The  flrst  is  at  the  close  of  the  winter, 
the  second  at  the  close  of  the  spring  session. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  $6;  lectures,  !(tl4();  demonstrator,  |1();  graduation,  |.30; . 
private  instruction  in  practical  branches  averaging  l|ll!!  per  course. 

Htudenth:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates  - 


Sessiimi 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent 

1877  78 

fiuy 

153 

20 

1878-79 

056 

204 

86.7 

1879  80 

6oe 

206 

88.6 

1880  81 

628 

200 

82.1 

1881-82 

075 

218 

87 

1882  83 

C28 

108 

80.8 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
thirty-three. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  3. 
Number  of  graduates  -n  Illinois,  80. 

Remarks:  "The  design  of  the  faculty  is  to  make  the  spring  ss-ssion 
a  prominent  feature,  with  a  view  of  its  becoming  ultimately  as  much  a 
necessity  as  the  winter  session  is  now." 

Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Buffalo. 

::.ufialo,  N.  Y.     (Pop.  155,134.) 

Organized  in  1846.  The  tirst  class  was  graduated  in  1847;  classes 
have  been  graduated  ach  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  six 
professors,  five  lecturers,  two  clinical  lecturers,  and  a  demonstrator  of 
anatomy. 

Course  of  Inbtbuction:  One  regular  term  of  twenty -two  weeks'  duration. 
Three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  re<{uired.  "The  course  of 
instruction  includes  didactic  and  'tlirical  teaching,  with  systematic  recitations  and 
special  instruction." — Lectuns  embiace  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  clin- 
ical medicine,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  physiology, 
microscopy,  operative  surgery,  materia  medica,  hygiene,  anatomy,  obstetrics, 
gyr  ecology,  chemistry,  toxicology,  mental  diseases,  ophthalmology,  otology, 
dermatology,  syphilis,  histology,  and  pathology.  Personal  instruction  in  practical 
branches,  for  which  a  fee  averaging  :J;10  is  charged. 

Requikembntb  :  For  admission,  "  a  certificate  from  the  student's  preceptor  of 
his  moral  character,  and  that  he  is  duly  entered,  and  properly  qualified  to  study 
medicine,  must  be  presented  on  matriculating.  The  responsibility  of  sufficient 
preliminary  education,  rests  of  necessity  with  the  private  instructor." — For  gradu- 
ation: (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years' 
study;  (4)  dissection  during  one  courst;  (5)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (6)  satis- 
factory examination  in  the  several  departments;  (7)  .  .esis. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  |I100;  demonstrator,  $5;  graduation,  $25. 


■«F 


182 


MEU1C\L  IiA.WH  AND  INSIITUTIONB. 


Btubenth:     Number  of  matrioulntes  and  of  gradnntes  .it  each  Befl^.on  reported, 
and  percentnyofl  of  gniduates  to  matriculiitea— 


Bt'Hsion. 
1877  78 
1878-79 
187'J-80 
1880  81 
1881-82 
1882  83 


Miitriculates. 
114 
12G 
138 
154 
172 
178 


Ornduntes. 
42 
40 
53 

48 
65 
57 


I'ercent. 
36.8 
81.7 
88.8 
81.1 
H7.8 
88 


Average  percentage  of   graduates  to  mntrioulateH   during  the  past  Rix  7ear^ 

thirtii-foiir. 

Number  i)f  graduates  in  Illinois,  26. 

Remarks:  Chas.  Cauy,  M.D.,  Bocretary,  writeH:  " I  desire  to  exprosB 
my  hoarty  approval  of  the  action  of  tho  Illinois  State  Board  of 
Health;  y.-nr  clTortH  uro  certainly  in  tho  ri-ht  direction,  and  will  result 
in  mneh  jrood  to  the  profession  and  general  public.  Until  we  have  in 
New  York  State  a  board  of  examiners— which  I  sincerely  hope  is  in  the 
near  fnture-or  until  tho  leading  colleges  take  the  initiative,  we  in 
Buffalo  cannot  very  well  establish  matriculation  examinations  - 
alth.ni.di  we  realize  the  fact  that  three  out  of  ton  students  rejected  last 
year,  were  rejected  on  account  of  deficient  ],reliminary  examination.' 

New  York  Medical  College. 
New  York  City. 
Organized  in  1852.     Extinct  since  1S04.     Number  .,f  graduates  in 

IlHnois,  2. 

Medical  College  ok    Nkw  York  City. 
New  York  City. 

Extinct. 

.     ,  Excelsior  Medical  College. 

New  York  City. 
Extinct. 

Metropolitan  Medical  College. 
New  York  City. 
Extinct. 

Syracuse   Eclectic  Medical  College. 
Syracuse  N.  Y. 
Organized  in  1849. -Extinct  since  1855.     Number  of  graduates  in 
Illinois,  2. 

ROCHESTEU    Ev^LECTIC    MeDICAL    CoLLEGE. 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Organized   in    1851.  -Lectures   delivered  three  or  four   sessions. 
Extinct.   • 


t{*HF..nn  reported, 

Percent. 

86.8 

31.7 

88.3 

31.1 

H7.B 

32 
le  pa»t  Bi«  jenr^, 


>Bire  to  express 

PATE    BoARIi    t)F 

and  will  rewult 
til  we  have  in 
f  hope  is  in  the 
litiativo,  we  in 
xaminationa, — 
its  rejected  last 
examiniition." 


jf  ^aduates  in 


of  graduates  in 


ir  four   sessions. 


NEW  YORK. 


1N8 


Long  Island  College  Hospital. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  {Pop.  500,0;}3.) 
Organiz(,d  in  ISOO.  The  first  class  was  jri-aduated  in  ISOl;  ehiKses 
have  been  ^rjuluated  each  Hnhsequent  year.-  The  facuUy  en.l.races  ten 
professors,  nine  lecturers,  one  clinical  lecturer  luul  one  dehionstrator. 
During  the  reading  term,  twelve  lecturers,  one  demonstrator  (mostly 
professors  and  lecturers  d.u-iug  the  regular  term)  and  ten  clinical 
assistants  give  instruction. 

CouKHK  OK  lNHi„„0Tr..N:     One  prelimiimry  tenu  ..f  thirt,..-!.  week»' clurnti,.n. 
.md   one   rcKular  term  of   nineteen  weeks'   duration,  annually.      (lra.l,.d   coui-e 
«xteudui«  over  nine  months  of  two  years,  is  reeon,n.ended,  l)ut  not  re.,uired-  fifty 
per  cent,  of  the  entire  class   have   taken  this  course,  for  (he  Inst  three  years 
Lectures   embrace    ,,riuci,,les    and   practice  of    medicine,   chemistry,  toxicology 
Hnatomy,  medical  and  .surgical  diseases  of  women,  operative  and  clinical  surgery' 
physiology,  sanitary  science,  histology,  general  pathology,  surgery,  materia  n.e.li,.„.' 
horapeut.cs,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  children,  ophthahnology.  otology,  dern.atology 
laryngology,    nervous     diseases,     practical     chen.istry,    genito-urinary    diseases 
physicil  diagnosis,  diseases  of  the  kidneys. 

Rkquiuemknts:  For  admission:  "The  faculty  earnestly  desire  to  co-operate 
with  the  profession  in  securing  a  higher  grade  of  preliminary  ..ducation  before 
students  ,.nter  upon  professional  studies;  but  until  some  uniform  grade  is  agreed 
upon  by  the  leading  colleges  of  the  countiy,  the  responsibility  of  such  .melifica- 
tions  must  .^st  with  the  private  instructor.  For  the  purpose  of  testing  the  general 
hternry  qualifications  of  the  students  before  graduation,  frequent  written  examin- 
ations  will  be  required,  hereafter,  throughout  the  whole  course  of  instruction  and 
these  examinations  will  enter  into  the  graduation  of  the  student,  on  his  final  exam- 
mation.''-For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character; 
(8)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures,  not  completed  in  the  same 
twelvemonth;  (5)  practical  anatomy,  to  the  extent  of  having  dissected  each  region 
of  the  body;  (6)  one  course  of  practical  chemistry  and  urine  analysis;  one  cour«o 
m  practical  histology  and  pathology;  (8)  pass  satisfactory  examinations,  both  oral 
and  written,  in  chemistry,  histology,  anatomy,  physiology,  materia  medica,  thera- 
peutics,  pathology,  gynecology,  obstetrics,  surgery,  and  practice  of  medicine. 
Hut  one  examination  each  year. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  .|5;  demonstrator,  $5;  chemical  laboratory,  .«r.;  patho- 
logical laboratory,  ,|5;  lectures,  |100;  reading  term,  .|40;  graduation.  $250 

Students:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 


Session. 
1877-78 
1878-79 
1879-80 
188a81 
1881-82 
1882-83 


Matriculates. 
120 
115 
118 
141 
159 
154 


Graduates, 
40 
88 
48 
61 
61 
51 


Percent. 
33.3 
28.  7 
36.5 
36.1 
38.3 
33.4 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
thirty-four.  o  i  j         , 

Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  pa^t  session,  3. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  40. 


MW  tiWw^H<Jii,Wi»i,_. 


B!"injj^i||..i;j«mHl^J,,Hj|'H  _i„^i-, 


184 


MEDICAL  LAV.S  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


New  York  H()M(eopathic  Medical  Colleoe. 
Now  York  City. 

Organizod  in  ISOO.  The  lirnt  cIhhh  wan  gruduatod  in  18«1.  ClaHses 
havo  b*H.n  amdmU^d  i^ach  HubHe<iuont  year.-The  faculty  embraces 
uineteon  profoHHorn,  three  aHsiHtantn  to  profesflors,  throe  demonHtrators 
and  two  iuHtructors. 

(1o,n.HE  OF  Inhtbuotdn:  One  regular  oourne  of  t.wentj-two  weeks'  duration 
anuuiiUy  Three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  re<iuired.  Daily 
.nu//.e«  by  the  students'  society.  Clinics  at  hospitals  ,'.nd  dispensaries.-Leotures 
embrace  anatomy,  diseases  of  genito-urinary  organs,  materia  medica,  therapeutics, 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  physical  diagnosis,  diseases  of  the  heart  and 
lungs  mental  and  nervous  diseases,  clinical  ophthalmology  and  otology,  gyne- 
cology,  obstetrics,  medical  jurisprudence,  physiology,  chemistrv.  t'-.cology, 
diseases  of  children,  dermatology,  general  pathology,  electro-therapeutics,  electro- 

™'^'"rkqitibementb:  For  admission,  none.-For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of 
lectures;  (6)  one  course  of  practical  anatomy;  (6)  satisfactory  examination  m  each 
dev-i'tment;  (7)  thesis. 

Fees:    Matriculation,  lf5;  lectures,  |126;  demonstrator,  »10;  graduation,  «30. 

Stupents:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matrioulateti- 


Session. 
1877-78 
1878  70 
1879-80 
1880-81 
1881-62 
1882-83 


Matriculates. 
152 
152 
128 
165 
146 
145 


Oraduates. 
88 
40 
88 
64 
86 
47 


Percent. 
25.0 
26.3 
26.8 
32.7 
24.6 
32.4 


.Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 

twentji-eight. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  1. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  18. 

Remarks:  "  The  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  will 
endorse  the  diploma  of  any  college  without  charge,  provided  the  applir 
cants  appear  in  person  before  a  committee  of  the  faculty  and  satisfy  it 
of  their  qualifications."  "  Numerous  applicants  have  failed  to  pass  this 
examination." 

Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College. 
New  York  City. 
Organized  in  1861.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1862. 
Classes  have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year.— The  faculty 
embraces  ten  professors,  eight  professors  of  special  departments,  one 
adjunct  profesoor,  fifteen  assistants  to  chairs,  four  demonstrator  and 
two  prosectors.   Five  lecturers  give  instruction  during  the  spring  term. 


MS\.  ClftHses 
Ity  embraces 
omonstrators 

vpekn'  duration 
Miuirod.  Daily 
iriJ'!*. — Lt'oturea 
111,  thernpeutics, 
'  the  heart  and 
otology,  Ky»«- 
•,.y.  ♦/•Ticology, 
pcutica,  eleotro- 

wenty-one  years 
>  full  courses  of 
nination  in  each 

(Traduation,  !f30. 
lensiou  reported, 

Percent. 
26.0 
26.3 
25.8 
32.7 
24.6 
32.4 
e  past  six  years, 


College  will 
idecl  the  appli- 

and  satisfy  it 
ed  to  pass  this 


lated    in    1802. 

— The   faculty 

partments,  one 

lonstratorn  and 

he  spring  term. 


NEW  YORK. 


186 


OouBSE  OF  Instbdotion:  One  rexnlar  (winter)  term  of  tweuty-seven  weeks' 
duration  and  one  spring  nession  of  twelve  weeks'  duration;  three  years'  graded 
course  rocommended  hut  not  required;  clinical  lectures  are  given  at  hosjiitals  and 
dispensaries;  examination  quizzes  are  held  by  the  faculty  weekly;  these  examina- 
tions are  free  and  oonllned  to  candidates  for  graduation. — Lectures  eml>race 
principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  ined'cine,  priuciph's  luid  practie..  of 
surgery,  clinical  surgery,  operative  surgery,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and 
children,  clinical  midwifery,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  physiology,  phyniU' 
logical  anatomy,  general,  descriptive  and  surgical  anatomy,  chemistry,  toxicology, 
nervous  diseases,  ophthalmology,  otology,  cutaneous  and  genito-urinary  diseases, 
hygiene,  medical  jurisprudence,  pathology,  diseases  of  the  throat.  Private 
courses  on  practical  subjects  are  giwn  by  the  facult"  and  instructors;  average 
fee  $'20. 

REiiUiHEMENTs:  Por  admif.'ion,  none. —For  grndiiativin:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  proper  testimonials  of  character;  (3)  three  ytars'  study;  (4)  two  full 
courses  of  lectures;  (5)  satisfactory  examination  in  each  of  the  seven  departments 
of  instruction,  viz:  practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  materia  medica  and 
therapeutics,  physiology,  anatomy  and  chemistry.  The  examinations  upon  practice 
of  medicine  and  surgery  include  diseases  of  the  nervous  system,  pathological 
anatomy,  ophthalmology,  and  diseases  of  the  skin;  (0)  one  course  of  practical 
anatomy.    No  honorary  degrees  conferred. 

There  are  three  regular  examinations  for  the  degree:  one  at  the  close  of  the 
winter  session,  one  at  the  close  of  the  spring  session,  and  one  during  the  first  week 
in  October.  The  June  and  October  examinations  are  exclusively  for  the  btuieflt  of 
those  students  who  have  attended  the  courses  of  lectures  required,  the  last  course 
being  nt  this  college,  but  whose  time  of  study  does  not  expire  until  the  summer  or 
fall.  Graduates  of  other  accredited  colleges  are  examined  in  all  the  departments, 
the  same  as  undergraduates,  and  must  fulfill  all  the  requirements  demanded  of 
undergraduates.  The  faculty  will  not  grant  a  degree  to  any  graduate  of  three  or 
more  years'  standing  who  does  not  exhibit  to  the  secretary  a  certificate  of  member- 
ship in  some  medical  society  entitled  to  representation  m  the  American  Medical 
Association,    This  rule  is  invariable. 

Fees:    Matriculation.  |B;  lectures,  ^140;  demonstrator  ^10;  graduation,  $30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  ana  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentage  a  of  graduates  lo  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Pei  cent. 

1877-78 

423 

.    ISO 

{.0.7 

1878-79 

460 

165 

S6.6 

1879  80 

502 

142 

28.8 

1880-8-; 

379 

118 

31.1 

1881-82 

480 

163 

84- 

1882-83 

467 

167 

86.7 

Average     ercentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
thirty-tivo. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  12. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  106. 

Kemarks:     "  The  diplomas  of  this  college  from  1862  to  1882,  inclu- 
sive, are  in  Latin.     The  diplomas  dated  in  1883     nd  thereafter,  are  in 

English." 


186 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


i. 


ir/'  y 


New  York   Medical   College   and   Hospital    for    Women. 

(Hom(ieopathic.) 

New  York   City, 

Organized  in  1803.    The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1804.    Classes 

have  been  graduated   each   subsequent   year.-The   faculty  embraces 

sixteen  professors,  three  lecturers  and  one  demonstrator. 

CouLHE  OF  IN8XBU0TION:  One  regular  se«Biou  of  twenty-four  veeks'  duration 
annually.  Three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required.  Quizzes 
are  given  by  the  professors.  Actual  attendance  on  lectures  is  required.-Lectures 
embrace  surgery,  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  obstetrics, 
diseases  of  women,  diseases  of  children,  materia  medica,  anatomy,  histology, 
y  thology,  physiology,  chemistry,  ophthalmology,  diseases  of  the  throat  and  chest, 
hygiene,  medical  jurisprudence,  minor  surgery,  mental  and  nervous  diseases. 

RrciUlBEMBNTs:  For  admission,  («)  eighteen -years  of  age;  (b)  good  moral 
character;  (,•)  examination  in  the  English  branches  before  the  faculty. -For 
graduation,  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  three  fuf  years'  study;  (3)  two  full 
courses  of  lectures;  ^4)  thesis;  (5j  satisfactory  examination. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  *r,;  lectures,  $60;  demonstrator,  $10;  graduation,  $10. 
Students  :  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculates.  (Iraduates. 
1877-78  —  2^ 
1878  79  —  * 
1879-80                             29                        .  7 

1880  81  34  * 

1881  82  41  ^^ 

1882  83  42  8  ,  ,    ,  .« 
The  number  of  matriculates  for  the  past  six  years  has  averaged  between  40 

and  50  each  year;  and  the  average  percentage  of  gradu.rtes  to  matriculates  during 
the  past  four  years  is  twenty. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  3. 

Eclectic  Medical  College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 
New  York  City. 

Organized  in  1305.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1800.  Cla^^sea 
have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. -The  faculty  embraces  nine 
professors  and  one  lecturer. 

Course  of  Instruction:  One  course  of  five  months'  duration,  annually;  clinics 
at  hospitals  and  dispensary.  -  Lectures  embrace  anatomy,  descriptive  surgery, 
principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  therapeutics, 
mat'.ria  medica,  clinical  ophthalmology,  obstetrics,  chemistry,  medical  literature, 
diseases  of    children,  physiology,  pathology,  medical    jurisprudence,  toxicology, 

diseases  of  women. 

Requibbments:  For  admission,  none.-For  graduation,  (1)  twenty-one  years  of 
aj,-e;  02)  three  years'  study  under  the  supervision  of  a  reputable  physician;  (3)  two 
full' terms  of  instruction;  (4)  a  thesis  on  some  medical  subject. 


Per  cent. 


29+ 
14.7 
24.3 
19+ 


NEW  YORK. 


187 


VOMEN. 


^04.    Classes 
Ity  embraces 

yeoks'  durution 
uiied.  Quizzefi 
lired. — Lectures 
iciuo,  obstetrics, 
omy,  histology, 
liroot  imd  chest, 
IS  diseases. 
(b)  good  moral 
e  faculty.  — For 
dy,  (3)  two  full 

graduation,  iflO. 
session  reported. 

Per  cent. 


29+ 

U.7 

24.8 

19+ 
aged  between  40 
^triculates  during 


W   YOBK. 

1800.    Cla^wes 
embraces  nine 

annually;  clinics 
scriptive  surgery, 
cine,  therapeutics, 
ludical  literature, 
dence,  toxicology, 

wenty-one  years  of 
physician;  (3)  two 


Graduates. 

Percent. 

26 

24.3 

24 

17.4 

32 

22.3 

64 

29.7 

50 

34.2 

37 

28.2 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  sjifiO;  doinon«trntor,  iflO;  graduation,  .'f30. 
Sti'denth:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 
Session.  Matriculates. 

1877  78  107 

1878  79  188 

1879  80  148 

1880  81  116 

1881  82  146 

1882  83  181 
Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  yearn, 

twenty-six. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois.  3. 

Remarks:  The  wbolo  number  of  matriculates,  since  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  school,  has  been  2,010;  graduates,  587.  Percentage  of 
graduates  to  matriculates,  29. 

Woman's  Medical  College  of  the  New  Yokk  Infirmary. 

New  York  City. 

Organized  in  1808.     The  fir.st  class  was  graduated  in  1870.    Clitsses 

have  been  graduated  each  suliseciueut   year.  —  The  faculty  embraces 

eight  professors,  three  clinical  professors,  three  loctiu'ers,  two  lecturers 

adjunct,  one  demonstrator  and  four  instructors. 

Course  or  Instritction:  One  session  of  thii'ty-tliree  weeks'  diiration.  annually. 
The  plan  of  instruction  in  this  school  is  arranged  to  secure  a  gradation  of  studies 
through  the  three  years  of  the  student's  course.  For  this  purpose,  students  must 
attend  three  entire  sessions.  All  students  will  be  required  to  attend  a  weekly 
recitation  in  the  studies  proper  to  their  year,  these  recitations  forming  an  essential 
part  of  the  course.  ^  Lectures  embrace,  first  year,  principally  the  el>  mentary 
branches  of  anatomy,  physiology,  materia  mcdica,  chemistry,  and  practical  work 
in  the  anatomical  rooms  and  chemical  laboratory;  second  year,  continue  these 
branches,  and  hygiene,  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  therapeutics,  histology, 
gynecology,  diseases  of  children,  ophthalmology,  otology,  dermatology,  nervous 
diseases;  third  year,  instructions  in  the  latter  departments  will  be  continued,  and 
the  students  will  engage  in  practical  medical  work  under  the  direction  of  their 
teachers,  and  bo  required  to  furnish  clinical  reports  of  cases  so  attended. 

REyuiKEMENTs:  For  admission,  stude:its  entering  the  graded  college  course, 
unless  they  bring  a  diploma  from  some  recognized  literary  school,  will  be  re(iuired 
to  pass  a  preliminary  examination  in  the  following  branches:  1.  Orthography, 
English  composition  and  penmanship,  by  means  of  a  page  written  at  the  time  and 
place  of  examination.  2.  Definitions  and  synonyms  as  found  in  "  The  Scholar's 
Companion."  3.  Latin,  through  declensions  and  conjugations.  4.  .\.fithmetic  in 
denominate  numbers,  fractions,  proportion,  percentage  and  the  roots.  5.  Algebra, 
Davies'  Elementary,  through  simple  equations.  6.  Geometry,  Davies'  Legendre, 
first  and  second  books.  7.  Botany,  physics  and  chemistry,  as  found  in  "  Scieuc« 
Primers,"  edited  by  Profs.  Huxley,  Roscoe  and  Balfour  Stewart. — For  grac'.uation, 
(1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  have  a  good  general 


188 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


educntion ;  (4)  three  years  in  the  study  of  medicine,  during  which  (5)  they  must 
have  attended  three  winter  sessions  of  lectures,  and  (6)  received  clinical  instruc- 
tion according  to  the  course  laid  down  by  this  school;  (7)  a  thesis  on  some  medical 
subject;  (8')  satisfactory  examinations  before  the  faculty  and  the  board  of  exam- 
iners will  also  be  required.  A  course  of  lectures  in  any  recognized  school  will  be 
accepted  as  one  of  the  terms  required,  but  the  last  course  before  graduation  must 
have  been  attended  at  this  college.  An  annual  course  of  lectures  in  any  accred- 
ited school  will  be  received  ,iB  equivalent  to  a  course  of  lectures  in  this  school,  but 
0  certificate  of  reading  under  a  preceptor  will  not  be  received  as  equivalent  to  a 
course  of  lectures. 

STUDEirrs:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Oraduates. 

Percent. 

1877-78 

—  ' 

7 

1878  79 

— 

10 

1879  80 

— 

11 



1880  81 

60 

8 

13.3 

1881-82 

49 

10 

20.4 

1882-83 

40 

6 

12.5 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates,  1880-82,  inclusive,  fifteen. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  2. 

Remarks:  "The  faculty  reserve  the  right  to  refuse  examination  for 
graduation  to  a  student  on  the  ground  of  what  they  deem  to  be  moral 
or  mental  unfitness  for  the  profession." 

Candidates  for  graduation  are  examined  by  a  board  of  seven  xam- 
iners  not  otherwise  connected  with  the  college. 

New  York  Fkke  Medical  College  for  Women. 
New  York  City.  • 

Organized  in  1871,      Kxtinct. — Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  4. 

College  of  Medicine  of  Syracuse  University. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.     (Pop.  51,792.) 

Organized  in  1872  as  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
Syracuse  University.  In  1875  it  assumed  its  present  title.  The  Geneva 
Medical  College,  organized  in  1836,  was  merged  into  this  institution. 
The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1873.  Classes  have  been  graduated 
each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  eleven  professors,  three 
lecturers,  and  three  instructors. 

CouBBE  OK  Instbuotion:  One  regular  course  of  thirty-iwo  weeks'  duration, 
annually.  Attendance  at  college  for  th'  ee  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but 
not  absolutely  required,  as  students  opn  graduate  on  two  years'  course  under  cer- 
tain conditions.  (See  requirements  for  admission.)  Students  are  divided  into 
three  classes,  according  to  their  proficiency  and  time  of  study.  Studies  —  First 
year:  Anotomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  microscopy,  histology  and  botany,  practi- 
cal chemistry  and  histology  throughout  the  year.     Second  year:   Anatomy,  physi- 


NEW  YORK. 


189 


h  (5)  tliey  must 
clinical  iustruc- 
on  some  medical 
board  of  exam- 
Bd  school  will  be 
grnduation  must 
s  in  any  accred- 
n  this  school,  but 
IS  equivalent  to  a 

session  reported, 

Percent. 


13.3 
20.4 
12.5 
nclusive,  fifteen. 

examination  for 
eem  to  be  moral 

i  of  seven    xam- 


OMEN. 

te«  in  Illinois,  4. 

I.8ITY. 

and  Surgeons  of 

tie.    The  Geneva 

this  institution. 

been  graduated 

professors,  three 

vo  weeks'  duration, 
recommended,  but 
i'  course  under  cer- 
its  are  divided  into 
ly.  Studies  —  First 
and  botany,  practi- 
Anatomy,  physi- 


ology, chemistry,  materia  medica,  practice,  surgery,  pathology  and  clinics, 
hygiene,  otology,  short  course  of  medical  chemistry.  Third  year:  Therapeutics, 
practice,  surgery,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  children,  pathology,  gynecology,  forensic 
medicine  and  ophthalmology,  with  clinics  and  dental  surgery. 

Requibemknth :  For  admission,  evidence  of  possessing  a  fair  preliminary 
education,  or  examination  in  the  branches  of  a  common  English  education.  Stu- 
dents who  have  already  pursued  the  study  of  medicine  to  some  extent,  may  be 
examined  and  promoted  to  such  advanced  standing  as  their  acquirements  entitle 
them  to.  Candidates  for  the  second  year  will  come  i)repared  for  the  examination 
in  anatomy  on  the  bones  and  muscles,  and  on  the  shoulder,  elbow,  two  radio-ulnar. 
wrist,  hip,  knee  and  ankle  articulations;  on  nutrition  in  physiology;  on  the  inor- 
ganic part  of  Atttield's  chemistry;  on  the  optical  j-  ,'iples  of  the  micro8Coj)e;  on 
part  1  of  Harris  and  Power's  Manual  for  the  Physiological  Laboratory;  and  on  the 
principles  of  botany. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty -one  years  of  age;  (2)  gnod 
character;  (3)  three  years'  study,  the  last  of  which,  at  least,  must  have  been  spent 
in  this  school;  (4)  satisfactory  examinations. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  |16;  lectures,  $100;  chemical  laboratory,  $10; 
graduation,  ifl2C. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1878-7?  40  5  12.5 

1879-80  61  6  11.7 

1880-81  60  20  33.3 

1881-82  45  11  24.4 

1882-83  44  12  27.2 

Average  percentage  ^.•■f  jjraduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  five  years, 
twenty-one. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  7. 

Remarks  :  "  Besides  the  f acultj;  examinations,  candidates  for  the 
degree  are  examined  orally  by  the  censors  appointed  by  the  State, 
district  and  county  medical  societies." 

The  Regents  of  the  University  of  New  York  State. 
Office  at  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Law  conferring  the  power  of  granting  diplomas,  passed  in  1872, 
from  which  the  following  is  taken: 

The  regentsf  of  the  university  shall  not  grant  a  diploma  conferring  the  degree 
of  doctor  of  medicine  upon  any  one  who  has  not, 'for  at  least  three  years  after  the 
age  of  sixteen,  pursued^JhaBtudy^nf-  medical  ncioncewittr-som9  physician  or  sur- 
geon duly  authorized  to  practice,  and  also  attended  two  complete  courses  of  all 
the  lectures  delivered  to  an  incorporated  medical  college.  The  regents  of  the 
university  in  the  State  <  *  New  York  are  autliorized  to  appoint  one  or  more  boards 
of  examiners  in  medicine,  which  shall  cons,  't  of  not  less  than  seven  regularly 
licensed  physicians  and  surgeons  in  the  State.  This  board  shall  examine  all 
candidates  referred  to  them  by  the  chancellor,  in  anatomy,  physiology,  materia 
medica,  pathology,  histology,  clinical  medicine,  chemistry,  surgery,  midwifery,  and 
therapeutics. 


l^ 


190 


MEDICAI,  LAWS  AND  INHTITUTK  )N8. 


All  persons  who  ari'  ovt-r  tw»'iity-ont'  yeiirn  ot  age,  of  ({ood  luornl  character, 
and  can  produce  to  tlic  clianccllor  natisfactory  proof  tliat  thi'y  have  competent 
knowlt'dfje  of  all  the  branches  of  h'arninf^  tautfhf  in  the  common  schools  of  the 
f'tate,  and  of  the  Latin  languaj^e.  and  iiavo  diligently  studied  medicine  for  not  less 
than  tliree  years,  can  apply  lo  (lie  ci'.'':icelloi-  for  an  examination  by  a  board  of 
examiners.  The  fee  for  an  examination  s'lall  be  $26.  The  regents  shall  grant,  to 
any  candidate  who  has  been  recommendsd  by  five  members  of  the  board  of  exam- 
iners, a  diploma  conferring  the  degree  o"  doctor  of  medicine  from  the  University 
of  New  York.     Ten  dollars  must  be  paid  I'o  •  this  diploma. 

United  States   Medical   Colleoe. — {Eclectic.) 
New  York  City. 

See  List  of  Institntions  lu.f  rocotrnized  by  the  Illinois  Stat?;  Board 
OF  Health. 

Organized  in  1878,  in  a  mantier  which  has  since  been  declared 
illegal  by  the  State  Supreme  Court.  In  1883  it  was  announced  that 
"the  trustees  of  the  coUe^'  have  taken  all  necessary  steps  to  secure  a 
new  charter  from  the  regents  of  the  State  University;"  but  their  appli- 
cation was  subsequently  refused.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in 
1879.  Classes  have  been  gi'aduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty 
embraces  twelve  professors,  one  adjunct  professoi",  one  demonstrator 
and  two  prosectors. 

OouBSB  OF  Instbuction:  Three  years'  graded  course  reisommended,  but  not 
required.  Tlie  method  of  instruction  adopted  in  this  college  consists  of  lectures, 
clinical  instruction,  experiments  ii  the  laboratory,  personal  teacliing,  interroga- 
tions and  recitations. — Lectures,  ext<  ling  over  a  period  of  twenty  weeks  annually, 
embrace  anatomy,  physiology,  chei  'y,  materia  medica,  toxicology,  thera- 
peutics, psychological  science,  homceopatliic  materia  medica,  principles  and  prac- 
tice of  medicine,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and  children,  surgery,  magnetic 
and  electro-therapeutics,  medical  jurisprude;ice. 

Requirements:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  "This  college  will 
be  governed  by  the  laws  of  the  State.  Any  person  of  good  moral  character,  who 
has  attained  the  ago  of  twenty-one  years,  received  a  good  English  education, 
pursued  the  study  of  medicine  and  sciences  connected  therewith  for  at  least  three 
years  after  the  age  of  sixteen  year.s,  and  received  instruction  from  .some  physician 
and  s>  rgeon  fully  qualified  to  jjractice  his  profession,  until  he  is  qualified  to  enter 
H  medical  college,  and  also  after  that  age  attended  two  complete  courses  of  lectures 
delivered  in  an  incorporated  medical  college,  and  sustained  a  satisfactory  and 
honorable  examination'  in  every  department,  is  legally  entitled  to  receive  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  medicine.     He  must  also  ])resent  a  thesis." 

Fees:     Matriculation.  p>;  lectures.  !j!7r>:  demcmstrator.  $10;  graduation,  $30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Oraduates.  Per  cent. 

188182  ..  88  80  36.1 

1882  83  61  26  49+ 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  years, 
forty-five. 


T^'^r'^-^','.  *i' ,' y '»  f 


NEW  YORK. 


lUl 


irnl  character, 
vc>  competent 
(.cliooli*  of  the 
ne  for  not  less 
\)y  n  boiird  of 
shall  h'rant,  to 
)oiird  of  oxam- 
the  University 


StaTK  BOAUI) 

:ieeii  doclarod 
inoiiiicf^d  that 
ps  to  secure  a 
lit  their  appli- 
graduated  in 
,— Tlio  faculty 
I  demoustrator 

mended,  but  not 
isistrt  of  lectures, 
iching,  interro^'ii- 
L-  weeks  annually, 
oxicology,  thera- 
uciplea  and  prao- 
irgery,  magnetic 

"In?   college  will 
character,  who 
rli^h  education, 
for  at  least  three 
some  physician 
(lualified  to  enter 
ourses  of  lectureR 
satisfactory  and 
to    receive    the 

jrraduation,  $30. 
session  reported, 

Per  cent. 
36.1 
49+ 
e  past  two  years. 


Remarks:  Sectiim  1,  of  article  XXI,  of  the  by  laws,  provides  that 
the  def^ees  of  this  college  shall  he  as  follows:  "Doctor  of  ISledicine, 
Master  in  Snrgery,  AccoiichtMir,  Doctcjr  of  Phitrniacy  and  Doctor  of 
Anthropology;"  and  section  2  provides  "that  these  degr(>os  may,  each 
and  severally,  or  collectively,  he  conferred  npon  stiidents  who  have 
actually  and  not  nominally  attended  one  fnll  tei'm  or  more,  as  the  low 
prescribes,  at  the  academical  sessions  of  this  college,  and  shall  have 
received  the  recommendation  and  approval  of  the  faculty  and  curators 
of  the  same." 

Among  the  graduates  of  1888  is  one  of  the  trustees,  upon  whom 
the  degrees,  doctor  of  medicine  and  doctor  of  anthropology,  were 
conferred.'" 

The  dean  writes  that  "  the  college  was  organized  as  a  j)rotest 
against  loose  practices,  and  as  an  advocate  of  a  high  standard  of  medi- 
cal education  in  eclectic  medicine.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  our 
greatest  fault  has  been  the  severity  of  our  examinations  for  graduation." 

Dr.  H.  G.  Pn'FAUD  states  in  the  New  York  Medical  Journal,  April 
28,  1883,  that  "  suspicion  was  first  directed  towards  the  legal  status  of 
the  other  eclectic  institution,  known  as  the  United  States  Medical 
College,  in  consequence  of  the  receipt,  by  the  officers  of  the  Now  York 
County  Society,  of  a  conununication  from  the  Illinois  authorities  [State 
Board  of  Health]  asking  the  status  of  said  institution." 

College  of  Physicians  and  Sukgeons  of  Buffalo. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Extinct,  1888.  See  List  of  Institutions  not  recognized  by  the  Illi- 
nois State  Board  of  Health. 

Organized  in  1879,  in  a  manner  which  has  been  decided  illegal  by 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1880. 
No  class  was  graduated  in  1882.  A  class  was  prepared  for  gi-adufition 
in  1888,  but  it  is  probable  that  no  diplomas  have  been  given  them. 

The  following  extracts  from  a  circular  issued  prior  to  the  last 
session,  indicate  the  status  vf  the  institution: 

"  The  cai»ir,r*cr  of  the  teacl  ings  will,  as  in  tlie  past,  be  liberal  to  the  fullest 
extent;  Allopathy  and  Ho:aceor<.ithy  being  thoroughly  taught  by  an  able  staff  of 
medical  cien. 

"Liberal  medicine  is  rapidly  surpassing  the  old  and  '  bigotted'  systems,  whose 
graduates  should  not  be  considered  thoroughly  'competent'  to  go  out  into  the 
world  to  practice  the  healing  art;  whereas  Liberal  Medicine  gives  them  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  all  the  useful  systems,  thereby  enabling  them  to  more  successfully 
cope  with  disease  and  death.  We  therefore  call  upon  all  liberal-minded  students 
to  carefully  consider  the  advantages  to  be  (raija-d  by  such  a  course  of  lectures." 


192 


MEDICAL  L>.VV8  AND  INSTITUTIONtt. 


The  following  numbers  reprenent  the  students  attending  the  sessions  since  its 
organization — 

Session.                  Matriculates.                Graduates.  Percent, 

187i»  HO                           88                                   6  IS.l 

1880  81                            65                                 19  29.2 

1882-88                             86                                   16  42.8 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates,  thirtj/. 

Medical  Department  of  Niagara  University. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Organized  in  1883. — The  faculty  embraceH  twelve  professors  and 
one  demonstrator. 

CouRHK  OK  Instbuotion:  One  regular  course  of  twenty-four  weeks'  duration 
annually.  The  course  of  study  will  comprise  three  full  courses  of  lectures,  ami  a 
four  years'  course  is  recommended. — Ijectures  embrace:  First  year,  chemistry, 
anatomy,  histology,  physiology,  materia  medica,  pharmacy,  clinical  instruction. 
Second  year,  chemistry,  anatomy,  phy-iiology,  pathology,  principles  and  practice 
of  medicine  and  of  surgery,  obstetrics,  therapeutics,  hygiene,  clinical  instruction. 
Third  year,  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  diseases  of  children,  diseases 
of  the  eye,  ear,  throat,  nervous  system  and  skin,  physical  diagnosis,  therapeutics, 
hygiene,  medical  jurisprudence,  clinical  instruction. 

Reqcibememts :  For  admission,  all  (new)  students  must  pass  a  matriculation 
examination  in  such  studies  as  are  considered  necessary  to  fit  them  for  the  study  of 
medicine,  except  students  who  nhall  produce  testamentory  evidence  of  preliminary 
qualification  from  a  recognized  school  or  college. — For  graduation:  (1)  "comple- 
tion of  the  prescribed  course  of  study;"  (2)  pass  the  required  examinations;  (3) 
twenty -one  years  of  age;  (i)  good  moral  charaote#;  (6)  dissection  during  two 
courses;  (6)  clinical  instruction  during  two  courses. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  f6;  lectures,  |60;  demonstrator,  $6;  graduation,  $25. 

Hyoeo-Medical  College  of  New  York. 
New  York  City. 
Extinct.     See  List  of  Institutions  not  recognized  by  the  Illinois 
State  Board  of  Health. 


NORTH  TAROLINA, 

Population,  1,309,750.     Nnmlier  of  physicians,  1,360.     Nnmbi-r  of 

inhabitants  to  each  physician,  1,029. 

An  Act  to  Incorporate  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  and  for 
the  Establishment  of  a  Medical  Board  of  Examiners. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  luid  it 
is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority  of  the  same: 

Section  1.  That  the  association  of  regularly  graduated  doctors  calling  them- 
selves "  The  State  Medical  Society,"  be  and  they  are  hereby  declared  to  be,  a  body 
politic  and  corporate,  to  be  known  and  distinguished  by  the  name  and  style  of  ''The 


NORTH  CAHOLTNA. 


\\r.\ 


giou»  rtiuoe  its 

orcent. 
IB.l 
29.2 
42.8 


rofessorr^  and 

weeks'  durinion 
lectures,  ami  a 
year,  oheini!<try, 
ioal  instruction, 
ilea  and  practice 
Dioftl  instruction, 
children,  diseases 
)8i8,  therapeutice, 

IS  a  matriculation 
m  for  the  study  of 
ce  of  preliminary 
m:  (l)"comple- 
lexaminations-,  (3) 
ction   during  two 

raduatiou,  *25. 


jy  the  Illinoib 


50.     Numbi'v  of 

Carolina,  and  for 

th  Carolina,  and  it 

otorB  calling  theni- 
lared  to  be,  a  body 
,  and  style  of '-The 


Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,"  and  by  that  name  and  style  shall 
have  perjH'tuiil  succcKsion,  and  a  common  si-ul;  that  they,  or  a  majority  of  tlicni 
and  their  successors,  shall  bo  abh'  in  law  to  take,  demand,  receive  and  possess 
money,  goods  and  chattels,  lands  and  tenements,  and  apply  the  same  to  the  une 
and  for  the  ad  ancemciit  of  Ihn  |nir[)os('s  and  objects  of  the  s,.id  society;  that  the 
said  medical  society,  or  a  majority  of  them  and  their  successors,  shall  bn  uhlc  mid 
capable  in  law  of  suing  and  being  r-ued,  pleading  and  being  impleaded;  that  they 
shall  be  authorised  to  make  all  by-laws  nilc-i  and  regulations  necessary  and  propr"- 
for  their  own  govenimeii*,  and  carrving  out  the  purposes  contemplated  in  this  act, 
and  for  the  pro;m/tiou  of  uiedical  science  and  the  elevation  of  the  medical  profes- 
sion in  'hi-  t)tate,  not  inconsistent  with  the  constitution  and  the  laws  of  North 
Carolina. 

§  2.  That  from  and  after  the  15th  day  of  April,  IS.'i!),  no  person  shall  i>ractico 
medicine  or  surgery,  or  any  of  the  branches  thereof,  or  in  any  case  prescribe  for 
the  cure  of  diseases  for  fee  or  reward,  unless  he  or  they  shall  have  been  first 
licensed  so  to  do  in  the  manner  hereinafter  described:  Prnvidrtl,  that  no  person 
who  shall  practice  in  violation  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

§  ;t.  That  in  order  to  the  proper  regulation  of  the  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery  in  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  there  shall  be  established  a  board  of  regu- 
larly Lfraduated  physicians,  to  be  known  by  the  name  and  title  of  "The  Board  of 
Medical  Examiners  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina." 

$3  4.  That  the  board  of  medical  examiners  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina 
shall  consist  of  seven  regular  graduated  physicians. 

§  5.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said  board  to  examine  all  applicants  for 
license  to  practice  medicine  or  surgery,  or  any  of  the  branches  thereof,  in  the  State 
of  North  Carolina,  on  the  following  branches  of  medical  science,  viz:  anatomy, 
physiology,  surgery,  pathology,  medical  hygiene,  chemistry,  pharmacy,  materia 
medica,  therapeutics  and  the  practice  of  medicine,  and  if,  on  such  examination,  he 
or  they  may  be  found  competent,  to  grant  to  such  r.pplicant  or  applicants  a  license 
or  diploma,  authorizing  him  or  them  to  practice  medicine  or  surgery,  or  any  of  the 
branches  thereof,  in  the  Stat*-  *  North  Carolina:  Provided,  that  five  members  of 
the  board  shall  constitute  a  quorum,  and  that  four  of  those  present  shall  be  agreed 
as  to  the  qualifications  of  the  applicant. 

tj  6.  That  the  said  board  shall  be  at  liberty  to  examine  for  and  grant  license 
to  practice  medicine  or  surgery,  or  any  of  the  branches  thereof,  in  this  State,  to 
any  person  so  applying,  who  shall  give  satisfactory  evidence  to  the  board  that  he 
is  twenty-one  years  of  age  and  of  a  good  moral  character.  Such  applicants,  if 
found  competent,  shall  have  granted  to  them  the  license  before  mentioned,  signed 
by  the  board  of  medical  examiners,  or  a  majority  thereof,  and  if  found  incompe- 
tent, they  shall  be  rejected. 

§  7.  That  to  prevent  delay  and  inconvenience,  two  members  of  the  board  of 
medical  examiners  may  grant  a  temporary  license  to  applicants  therefor,  and  make 
report  thereof  to  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  board  for  confirmation;  Provided, 
that  such  temporary  license  shall  not  continue  in  force  longer  than  the  next 
regular  meeting  of  the  board,  and  that  such  temporary  license  shall  in  no  case  be 
granted  after  the  applicant  has  been  refused  a  license  by  the  board  of  medical 
examiners. 

§  8.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  medical  society  of  the  State  of  North 
Carolina  to  furnish  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  by 
their  secretary,  a  list  of  members  of  that  society,  from  which  list  the  general 
13 


L 


IW 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


brtHUUibly  HhiiU  tilect  huvoii  to  coiistituto  tliu  boiird  uf  uit'diciil  (^xuiiiiiiori*  bofore 
mentioiifd,  to  coiitiinu*  in  olUce  for  the  term  of  six  yt'iirw  .'oin  the  diiti"  of  their 
eloctiim:  I'roriiteil,  timt  wlienuver  any  ineniu<>r  of  the  boiird  nhall  ceane  to  be  a 
nietnber  of  the  iiiedical  society  ot  tlic  State  of  Nortli  CarobiiM,  nither  by  resijfna- 
tion  or  expulwicu,  liis  office  of  medical  examiner  xhall  be  tliereby  vacated. 

§  S).  That  the  membera  of  the  State  mudioal  Hooiety  nhall  Imve  power  to  neleot 
tlie  board  of  luedical  examiuerH,  except  when  the  le^^iHUiture  chooseH  to  czeroioe 
thiH  rijfht. 

i}  10.  That  the  board  of  medical  examiners  fihall  aBsemble  at  the  Hame  timert  and 
places,  when  and  where  the  aforesaid  medical  society  ussembleH,  which  said  society 
ehutl  assemble  at  least  once  in  each  and  every  year,  ut  such  time  and  place  as  the 
said  society,  at  its  next  preceding  meeting,  shall  have  fixed-,  and  the  said  board 
Bhall  remain  in  session  from  day  to  day  until  all  applicants  who  may  present 
themselves  for  examination  within  the  lirst  Ave  days  after  its  meeting;  shall  have 
been  examined  and  disposed  of.  [This  section  was  adopted,  as  an  amendment  to 
the  original  act,  April,  1871.] 

§  11.  That  the  board  of  medical  examiners  shall  be,  and  they  are  hereby, 
authorized  to  elect  all  such  officers,  and  to  frame  all  such  by-laws  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  carry  this  law  into  effect;  and  in  the  event  of  any  vacancy  by  death, 
resignation  or  otherwise,  of  any  member  of  said  board,  the  board,  or  a  quorum 
thereof,  shall  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  empowered  to  till  all  vacancies. 

§  12.  That  the  board  of  examiners  shall  keep  a  regular  record  of  its  proceed- 
iugfi,  in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose,  which  shall  always  be  open  for  inspection; 
and  shall  cause  to  be  entered  on  a  book  kept  for  this  p\ir;)ose  the  name  of  each 
applicant  for  license,  and  the  name  of  each  applicant  licensed  to  practice  medicine 
and  surgery,  and  the  time  of  granting  the  same,  together  with  the  names  of  the 
members  of  the  board  present,  and  shall  publish  the  names  of  those  licensed  in 
two  of  the  newspapers  published  in  the  city  of  Raleigh,  within  thirty  days  after 
the  granting  of  the  same. 

§  13.  That  the  said  board  shall  have  power  to  demand  of  each  and  every 
applicant  thus  licensed  the  sum  of  ten  dollars,  before  issuing  a  license  or  diploma, 
and  the  sum  of  five  dollars  for  each  temporary  license,  to  be  paid  to  the  secretary 
of  the  board. 

§  14.  That  the  members  of  the  said  board  shall  receive  as  a  compensation  for 
their  services  four  dollars  each  day  during  the  time  of  their  session,  and  in  addition 
thereto  their  traveling  expenses  to  and  from  their  r)lace8  of  meeting,  by  the  most 
direct  route  from  their  respective  places  of  residence,  to  be  paid  by  the  secretary 
of  the  board  out  of  any  moneys  in  his  hands,  upon  the  certificate  of  the  president 
of  the  board  of  medical  examiners.  [This  section  was  adopted,  as  an  amendment 
to  the  original  act,  April,  1871.] 

§  16.  That  any  person  who  shall  practice  medicine  or  surgery  in  this  State 
without  having  first  applied  for  and  obtained  license  from  the  said  board  of 
examiners  as  provided  for  by  this  act,  shall  not  be  entitled  to  sue  for  or  recover 
before  any  magistrate  or  court  in  this  State  any  medical  bill  for  services  rendered 
in  the  practice  of  medicine  or  surgery,  or  any  of  the  branches  thereof. 

§  16.  That  the  said  board  shall  have  the  power  to  rescind  any  license  granted 
by  them,  when  upon  satisfactory  proof  it  shall  appear  that  any  physician  thus 
licensed  has  been  guilty  of  grossly  immoral  conduct. 

§  17.  That  the  secretary  of  the  board  of  medical  examiners  shall  give  bond, 
with  good  security,  to  the  president  of  the  board  for  the  safe  keeping  and  proper 
payment  of  all  moneys  that  may  com&  into  his  hands  under  provisions  of  this  act 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


IU5 


ners  before 
lUte  of  thk-ir 
nsu  til  bt-  n 

iwer  ti>  seluot 
i  to  cxeroine 

me  tiinea  and 
11  said  society 

plftCf  as  the 
le  said  board 

may  iireseut 
u^r  shall  have 
vuiendment  to 

ey  are  hereby, 

may  bi?  neces- 
ucy  by  death, 
1,  or  a  quorum 

H. 

of  itrt  prooeed- 
for  inspection; 
0  name  of  each 
ac'lice  medicine 
le  names  of  the 
lose  licensed  in 
lirty  days  after 

each  and  every 
iDRo  or  diploma, 
to  the  secretary 

)mpensation  for 
,  nnd  in  addition 
lint;,  by  the  most 
\)y  the  secretary 
I  of  the  president 
an  amendment 

jBry  in  this  State 
le  said  board  of 
le  for  or  recover 
lervices  rendered 

Jreof. 

ly  license  granted 

\  physician  thus 

i  shall  give  bond, 
[ping  and  proper 
Isions  of  this  act 


§  18,  That  tlie  provisions  of  thin  act  slmU  not  apply  to  any  ptrsou  or  persons 
now  eiij^.iged  in  the  practioe  of  medicine  or  surgery  in  tiiis  State,  but  slmll  l)e 
construed  as  iipplyinj;  to  those  only  who  may  iiert'after  propose  to  commence  tl\e 
practice  of  tlie  same  in  the  State  of  North  ('arolina. 

ij  I'J.  Tliat  this  act  shall  be  in  force  on  and  after  the  Ifith  dav  of  April,  ISfiO, 
and  shall  be  com.idered  a  public  act. 

Dr.  Tu()8.  F.  Wijou,  socrotiiry  of  tho  Nortli  Carolimi  Stiito  Board  of 
Hoaltb,  Wiliiiiuj^on,  writHs:  "Our  board  is  auxiliary  to  tho  State 
iimdical  society,  and  so  is  tlio  Stato  board  of  oxamiii(>rs,  Imt  both  boards 
are  iiideiwndKiit  of  each  othijr." 

In  his  presidential  adilress  before  the  State  medical  nocioty  in  1882, 
Dr.  Wood  says: 

"  North  Carolina  was  not  only  nraonw  tho  first  to  onconrage  literary 
effort,  etc.,  but  the  initiative  was  taken  by  her  medical  society  in  ri  ising 
fijifej^nards  for  the  protection  of  the  people  from  medical  impostors. 
In  those  early  days  (1799),  when  the  acquisition  of  a  medical  education 
was  very  difticnlt,  there  was  a  board  of  censors  whose  duty  it  was  to 
examine  candidates  for  membershij).  In  the  board  of  censors  we 
recognize  the  germ  whose  frnit  was  the  State  board  of  medical  exam- 
iners in  1859. 

"In'this  State  we  have  had  stich  a  board  organized  for  over  twenty 
years.  The  law  under  which  the  work  was  done,  as  defective  as  it  is, 
has  served  to  elevate  the  diameter  of  the  medical  profession  within 
our  borders  more  than  all  other  means  combined.  With  commendable 
loyalty  to  the  profession  and  to  the  mandates  of  the  State,  physicians 
have  sought  the  license  of  the  board  in  increasing  greater  numbers 
year  by  year,  until  a  public  opinion  in  favor  of  this  great  work  has 
become  widesj)read.  A  young  physician  no  sooner  settles  in  a  com- 
munity than  the  people  begin  to  incjuire  if  he  has  pa.ssed  the  board  of 
medical  examiners.  The  peo])le  are  the  ones  interested  in  th^  qualities 
of  the  newcomer,  into  whose  hands  it  is  probable  a  sick  wife  or  chil- 
dren may  fall. 

''  The  license  of  this  board  is  the  essential  prerequisite  to  holding 
any  oiTiciid  medical  position  in  county  or  State;  it  is  the  way  by  which 
one  attains  to  membership  in  this  society,  and  it  is  the  insignia  of 
brotherhood  and  good  standing.  It  is  this  acknowledgment  of  the  rela- 
tion of  this  board  to  the  honor  and  dignity  of  the  profession,  rather 
than  the  trivial  i)enalty  connected  with  the  non  compliance  of  its 
demandf3,  w^hich  brings  together  such  numbers  seeking  the  license. 
Only  one  case  has  come  to  my  knowledge  during  the  past  year  of  the 
infliction  of  the  penalty. 

"  The  task  before  the  board  of  medical  examiners  in  the  last  few 


:i 


nm 


MKDICAL  FiAVVH  AND  INSTITUTIONH. 


yenre,  thon,  haH  beon  unuHiilly  difliciilt.  In  th«>  liiHt  four  years  142 
caii<li<liit(>H  Imvo  b»>on  (>xaiiiiiit<(l,  from  'J.'{  lifToroiit  hcIiooIh.  Of  thJH 
number  121  hav(*  roccived  thti  licuuisn  of  tho'hoanl,  ami  21  havo  Ixuui 
rnjecttnl. 

"  DoiihtloHH  yon  are  intorHstod  to  know  what  standard  ban  l)een 
domaiidcd  in  thcHO  ('"amiiiationH,  and  what  are  tho  indicationH  of  a 
mor«  tlu)roiii^h  tHlncation  amonj^  tlio  applicantH.  It  lias  iM'on  tlitnnton- 
tion  of  tho  prosont  Injard  to  havo  an  incroasinj^ly  hii^hcr  stanchird  yearly, 
andHU  commonoin^  with  a  standard  as  low  as  they  ronld  conscientiously 
set,  they  havt»  ilcmandcd  sm^li  r(«(|uirt'm»Mits  as  tlicy  bolievod  wonld  bo 
fair  in  tin*  present  demoralized  state  of  mtMlical  edncation.     ♦     *     » 

"The  law  re(iuires  that  tho  examiner  shall  be  satisfied  with  the 
qiialitications  of  tho  (sandidate,  both  as  to  his  moral  character  and  his 
medical  e(bication,  and  the  standard  demanded  rests  very  much  with 
the  convictions  of  tho  individual  examiner  as  to  his  duty  in  tho  matter. 
This  l)oard  has  striven,  by  oarnost  'ind  concerted  action,  to  make  tho 
examinations  practical  and  uniform.  Four  out  of  the  seven  votes 
must  bo  cast  to  j^rant  the  license  (not  a  very  difficult  thing),  and  it  is 
very  embarrasainj^  to  tho  board  somotiraos,  when  a  candidate  comes 
prepared,  for  instance,  on  practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  physiology, 
and  chemistry  and  pharmacy,  and  is  ignorant  of  obstetrics  and  diseases 
of  women  and  children,  and  materia  modica  and  therapeutics.  The 
law  could  be  wisely  amended  requiring  five,  or  even  six,  votes  out  of 
the  seven  to  obtain  tho  license. 

"  It  has  been  very  evident  to  the  board  that  there  is  no  uniform 
standard  maintained  in  tho  most  of  our  medical  colleges.  The  maxi- 
mum and  the  minimum  licentiates  are  very  far  apart,  the  main  defect 
being  observed  in  matters  of  general  education.  Upon  the  whole,  the 
board  has  not  deemed  it  wise  to  go  too  far  in  advance  of  the  average 
standard  acknowledged  by  the  best  mt^dical  colleges,  and  it  would  have 
been  useless.  They  have  been  forced  to  do  an  immense  amount  of 
drudgery  in  their  examinations,  performing  their  duty  with  due  regard 
to  their  obligation  to  this  society,  to  the  State,  and  to  the  profession  at 
largo. 

"  A  resume  of  all  the  remedies  for  our  defective  educational  system 
is  not  needed  here.  They  have  been  time  and  again  rehearsed  by 
studious  men  in  our  profession.  Exp-'rience  as  an  examiner  for  several 
years  leads  me  to  the  following  conclusions: 

"  Ist.  Medical  students  are  too  often  admitted  to  ofiBce  studj  without  prelimi- 
nary examination  as  to  their  moral,  physical  and  educational  fiti.eBS. 

.    "  2d.     Physicians  having  received  students  into  their  ofP.cea  fail  to  insist  on  a 
regular  course  of  study  and  stated  examinations. 


NOUTH  TAHOLINA. 


197 


yoars  142 
,.  Of  this 
.  have  boon 

ti  htiH  been 

lltioHH    of     II 

>ii  thoiiitfu- 
tlanl  yfiiily, 
iscientiously 

ed  wonlil  bo 

*     ♦     * 

[w\  with  the 
actor  und  his 
•y  much  witli 
n  th«i  matter, 
to  make  tho 
,   Boven  votes 
ing),  and  it  in 
idiilato  comeB 
y,  physiology, 
H  and  disoaFOs 
ipeuticH.     The 
r,  votes  ont  of 

is  no  uniform 

,s.     The  maxi- 

le  main  deft^ct 

the  -whole,  the 

|of  the  average 

it  would  have 

|nse  amount  of 

ith  due  regard 

profession  at 

national  system 
rehearsed  by 
liner  for  several 

L  without  preliini- 

IcBS. 

fail  to  insist  ou  ii 


"  Ud.  There  i«  no  dixoiphii)*  iiiul  litth-  triiiuin>{,  wortliy  of  the  mime,  in  incut 
of  <inr  iiu*diritl  C(>1Io^<*n.     Thorti  im  iiii  hitimdiird  of  t'xikininiitionH. 

"The  »<xporionco  gninod  by  sorvico  for  throe  years  on  the  Ixiard  of 
©xaminors,  moid  than  over  convinces  me  tliat  oxamiiiatiuii!-  for  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  medicine  should  bo  done  by  bodies  onliroiy  indo- 
peiuh>nt  of  tlic  collcgo.  and  this  belief  is  gaining  gi'ound  over  tlio 
coiu''  y. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  few  States  in  which  there  is  no  medical  college 
[for  whites  |.  We  are  ft)rtiuiato.  It  is  far  wiser  to  wait  until  such  an 
institution  could  bo  pstablish"d  upon  a  proptT  foundation.  We  can  aid 
the  cause  of  (Hhication  substantially,  by  giving  our  su])port  to  colleges 
which  are  already  showing  (^roditai)lo  advance  towards  a  higher  stand- 
ard, rather  than  by  erecting  a  college  without  snlHcient  endowment. 
N(J  attempt  at  all  slionld  bo  luado  until  our  luiiversity  is  able  to  employ 
competent  pnjfossors  at  such  salaries  as  would  make  thorn  indopo::dont 
of  the  fees  of  the  student." 

Mkricai.  Depau'iment  III-  TiiK  ITnivkrsitv  of  Nohth  Cauomna. 

(niapol  Hill,  N.  C.     (Pop.  X'.W.) 
Organized  in  1700.— This  school  only  gives  instruction  in  medicine, 
and  ilooH  not  now  grant  degrees.     It  granted  diplomas  in  former  years. 
Nnmlier  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  1. 

MeWOAI,    Coi.LECtE    IN    RoBESON    CoUNTY,  N.   C. 

"  1  college,  located  in  the  backwoods  of  Robeson  county,  was  char- 
tered by  the  State,  in  IS  .  After  a  caroor  as  liarmful  as  it  was 
jiossiblo  for  it  to  be  -sending  out  yearly  numbers  of  men  with  diplomas, 
to  prey  upon  innocent  communities  on  the  South  Carolina  border— it 
came  to  an  abrupt  end.  by  tlH>  death  of  its  only  professor." 

— Extract  from  PrcHiflcniinl  Address  of  Dk.  W'oon. 

Mepical  Depahtment  ok  Shaw  Univeusity. — (Leonard  Medical  School.) 

Raleigh,  N.  C. 
Organized  in  ISSl.     For  colored  students.-   The  faculty  consists  of 
three  professors. 

CouBHE  OF  Instbuotion:  Provision  is  mnde  for  a  rejfiilnr  four  years'  graded 
ooiirHt'.  arranged  as  follows:  First  year,  anatomy,  physiology,  mid  general  chem- 
istry. Second  year  i)nictical  anatomy,  medical  chemistry,  materia  medica, 
pathological  anatomy,  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery.  Third  year — therapeu- 
tics, olistetrics,  theorj-  and  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery.  Fourth  year — 
ophthalmology,  otology,  dermatology,  syphilis,  laryngology,  diseases  of  the  nervous 
system,  — of  women,  --of  children,  operative  snri""ry.  and  forensic  medicine. 
The  lecture  term  is  of  twenty  weeks'  duration  each  year. 


T~ 


n 


108 


MKDICAI,  LAWS  AND  INHTII  ITloNS. 


Thf  four  >»'ur«'  pour»»<  in  im>I  olili^iitnry,  Imt  il  is  rccoiiiinciulfd,  "rtiiil  nu 
Htiidciit  will  ri'ct'ivi'  ii  lit-^rt-t'  iiiili'rit«  lit>  ciiii  piiHH  a  HiUixfiu'lori  I'Xiiiiiiiiiuioii  in  nil 
tlu>  liruiii'lii's  |iiirMiu'(t  ill  the  four  yt-iirn'  (•oiir'<t'.''  Hludfiitu  iirt-  dividftl  into  four 
oIhhhkh,  lU'coriliM^'  to  tlii<  iiuinbiT  of  yeiifH'  Htiul)  ;  and  tlioMi<  who  cuinc  fruiii  other 
HchuolH  "will  Ihi  cliiMMitlt'd  arcordiii);  to  their  prcvioiix  -(tudy  and  incdical  kiiowl- 
edgu." 

•  For  tim  hi-ni'llt  of  mu'li  stiulcntH  as  wixh  to  I'litcr  ii|ion  llu'  sindy  of  int-dicint', 
Ulid  y«t  lack  the  riMiuirt-d  prt'pariitioii,  arrHiikft'nu'ntx  arc  made  for  a  two  yciirit' 
aoamu,  prcliininnr)-  to  the  re^ulnr  oourHc,  This  includes  iuNtructioii  in  Kaiin, 
tiotany.  |>h}Mios.  /ooloj^y,  cht'iniMtry.  phyniolo^^y.  and  the  iihc  of  the  niiproxcn|>t'. 

UkvI'IUKMKntk:  I'or  adniisHion,  cif^httcn  yearn  of  a^e;  |>reliniinary  exaniinii- 
tion  "  KUtllcient  to  show  their  Htnesn  to  enter  upon  the  xtudy  of  medicine."  or 
oertiftcate  of '•  previous  "taiidiiiK  il  'hool  from  sonie  prinripal  or  president  of  a 
reputahle  institution  of  learnint;."  I'or  graduation:  satisfactory  evidence  of  (rood 
moral  character;  twenty-one  years  of  a^ej  three  years'  study  of  medicine,  or  atleiid- 
ance  on  the  four  years'  j{rad<'«l  course;  two  full  courses  of  lectures  at  some  rej^ular 
medical  school,  the  Inxt  at  this  iuntitution;  diHsection  of  the  entire  cadaver;  theidH; 
satisfactory  examination  in  all  liraiichc 

Fkk':  Matriculation  (paid  annually),  $f»;  five  months'  course  of  lectures.  ^60; 
ticket  for  any  one  branch,  ijUT);  i^'raduation  fee,  $'20.  Students  having'  paid  for 
three  courses  at  this  school  are  admitted  to  sulise(|uent  courses  on  payment  of 
I'latricti'ation  fee  oidy, 

Sti'DKNTh:  The  class  of  IHHl  H'J  mnnbered  ,'i  second-year,  and  S  tirsi  )ear 
men  total,  11.  Hue  of  the  second-year  men  was  also  a  student  in  the  classical 
du])artinent  of  the  uiiiverKity.  and  was  ^radnated  at  the  commeiiceraei't.  May, 
188H.  with  the  de^'ree  of  A.  H.  The  class  of  IHHl'  «:«  numl)ered  a  third-year,  and  >> 
second-year  men.     No  ifraduales. 

Thus  far,  all  the  students  are  takinv;  llie  four-year  >,'radeil  course. 

Ukmahkh:  StiidcutH  int>  ioohkhI  kihI  Ixxiiilcd  lit  tlic  uiiiverKity,  the 
churji;oM  lM>iii>;,  for  n)oin  rout,  li^jhtK  iiinl  fiii'i,  sji'i  jicr  luuiith;  iiiul  fur 
board,  !?•»  \wr  luonth. — HtiidoiitK  of  tb»^  lucdioal  ilejmrtiiipnt  pujoy  the 
benoliin  of  tho  uiiivorsily  library,  and  the  h<ctiiros  and  ytuieral  exercises 
of  the  otliiir  (le])artnifiitn.  If  a  caiididato  for  graduation  fail  to  \r,isn, 
"  he  may  have  a  second  trial,  which  shall  •'*•  tinal;  failiiif^  in  this,  Imh 
graduation  fee  shall  be  returned  to  him,  and  he  may  try  again  at  the 
next  animal  examination,  after  having  taken  another  course  of  lectnros." 
— TIkm'c  are  live  regtilar  scholarships,  known  as  the  "Leonard  Medical 
Schoiarships,"  open  to  "  needy  and  meritorious  young  men;"  find  live 
more  iiromised  for  the  session  of  1883-84. 


OHIO. 

Population,  3,1US,("MV2.     Number  of  physicians,  (5,3^''^-     Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  502. 

ExTBACTH,   pertaining   to  the   Practice   of   Medicine  in   Oh'-j.   /rom  the   Revised 
Statutes  of  ( )hio,  1880— Chapter  XV. 

Section  4403.    No  person  who  has  not  attended  two  full  courses  of  instruction 


OHIO. 


\m) 


ltd,     "IIIUI      IlK 

ilimiion  in  nil 
(It'll  into  four 
u'  from  ollii'r 
u'lliiMil  knowl- 

y  of  nii-tlicine, 
ir  a  two  yciirn' 
lion  in    liUiin. 

niiproxropf. 
iniirj-  «'xaiiiinii- 

iiifiiioini',"  or 
|iri'!'iii«''il  "f  '' 
icli-nc"  of  uooU 
icinK,  oriittfnd- 
iit  Hoini-  rcyiilur 
[•luliivt'r;  tliff'i'*; 

i,f  lectures.  ;i6(i: 

tiuviiiK'  !>""'  •'"■ 
on    imjnienl   of 

.mil  H  flrsl-jf'"" 

in  the  pl:issicnl 

leneemel't.   May, 

tliiril-y"'"-  '""'  ** 


iiiiwerBity,  tiio 
ith;  anil  f*'r 
at  oiijoy  tho 

iioral  exei<'i>t>H 
fail  to  pass, 
r  in  this,  liirt 
again  at  the 

Be  of  lectnros." 
)Uiird  Medical 

moiv."  aiul  tivo 


Nucabor  of 
'rem  the   Revised 

■ses  of  instniction 


of  lit  leiiHt  twi'lvi*  weckn  eauh,  iiiul  Krailiinted  Ht  ii  xrliool  nf  medicine,  either  in  thK 
United  Htiili'^  or  ii  fori'iifn  country,  or  who  niiinot  produce  ii  cerlitlciit(>  of  iiunlitl- 
ciltion  from  ii  Htiite  or  comity  medicul  Mociely,  and  in  a  perHon  of  )/ood  liiontl 
chiirncler,  .ili.ill  pniclice,  or  iittempt  to  pniclice,  medicine  in  iiny  of  its  depnrliiienl^, 
or  prescrilie  medicine,  for  reward  or  i-ompenMution,  for  any  pirnon  witiiin  lliii* 
State,  except  that  when  H  perHon  hiiH  been  CDUtinuoiixly  en^a^'ed  in  the  prartice  of 
medicine  for  a  period  of  ten  yearn  of  more,  lie  shall  lie  considered  to  have  complied 
with  the  proviHionM  of  tliiH  chapter;  and  when  ii  person  has  hern  in  continuous  prac- 
tice of  inediciiu)  for  live  yearn  or  more,  he  xhall  he  allowed  two  yearn  in  which  lo 
comply  therewith;  and  a  person  violating  tliin  nection  sIimII  not  lie  entitled  to  any 
compensation  for  services  rendered. 

t;)  (S.'litri.  In  counties  containing  cities  nf  the  llist  class  liavin^'  a  popiilatioM  of 
one  hundred  and  Hfty  ''oiisand  and  over,  it  shall  he  the  duly  of  physicians  and 
"ofeHsional  inidwives  to  keep  a  registry  of  the  Heveral  births  in  which  they  have 
<isted  professionaIly,w..'.  mIiiiII  contain,  as  nearly  as  the  same  can  he  ascertained, 
the  time  of  such  hirth,  sex,  color  of  the  child,  the  names  and  resideiiiM'  of  the  pan  nts; 
and  physicians  who  have  attended  deceased  persons  in  their  last  illness,  clerj^ymen 
who  have  otnuiated  at  the  fiiiu^ral,  and  sextons  who  have  buried  deceased  persons, 
shall  keep  a  registry  of  the  name,  a^e  and  residence  of  such  deceased  persons  at 
till'  time  of  til  'ir  death,  ft  shall  lie  the  duty  of  the  physicians  and  professional 
midwives  to  report  fully  the  births  re^^istered  by  tlieui,  as  rei|uired  by  this  chapter, 
to  the  judt^e  of  the  probate  court  of  the  county  every  three  montim,  viz:  on  or 
before  the  Hecond  Monday  of  the  months  of  .January,  April.  July  and  October  of 
each  year;  in  case  there  is  no  physician  or  iiiidwifi'  in  attendance  at  any  birth, 
then  the  parents  shall  be  re(|uired  to  report  to  the  probate  judjfc  within  one  month; 
and  physicians,  clerj^ymen  and  sextons  so, ill  likewise  report  the  deaths  rej^istered 
by  them,  as  required  by  this  chapter,  to  the  juilKe  of  the  probate  court  of  the 
county,  every  three  months,  as  above  desi^nateil;  and  any  person  who  shall  nej^lect 
or  refuse  to  comply  with  or  violate  the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  shall  forfeit  and 
pay  for  each  oBfense  the  sum  of  ten  dollars,  to  be  »ued  for  and  recovered  in  the 
name  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  the  jienalty,  when  recovered,  shall  be  paid  over, 
one-half  to  the  school  fund  and  one-half  to  the  party  makinj;  complaint  thereof. 

i^  (')Slii.  Whoever,  while  in  a  state  of  iutoxicution,  prescribes  or  administers 
any  poison,  ilru^;  or  medicine  to  another,  which  endanj^ers  the  life  of  such  other 
person,  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars,  and  impiiRoned  not  more 
than  twenty  days. 

^  "iHlS.  Whoever  prescribes  any  drug  or  medicine  to  another,  the  true  nature 
and  composition  of  which  he  does  not,  i  inquired  of,  truly  make  known,  but  avows 
the  same  a  secret  medicine  or  com  pop' 'ion,  and  thereby  endangers  the  life  of  such 
other  person,  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars,  and  imprisoned  not 
more  than  twenty  days. 

§  69U0.  Whoever  uses  ujion  another  an  anoBsthetic,  unless  at  its  administra- 
tion, ar.d  during  the  whole  time  the  person  is  wholly  or  partly  under  the  direct 
influence  of  it,  there  is  present  a  third  person  competent  to  be  a  witness,  shall  be 
fined  not  more  than  twenty-five  nor  loss  than  five  dollars. 

§  6992.  Whoever  prescribes,  or  practices  or  attempts  to  practice,  medicine  in 
any  of  its  departments,  or  performs  or  attempts  to  perforra  a  surgical  operation, 
without  having  attended  two  full  courses  of  instruction,  and  graduated  at  a  school 
ot  medicine,  either  in  this  or  a  foreign  country,  or  who  i;annot  produce  a  certificnle 
of  qualification  from  a  State  or  county  medical  society,  shall,  for  the  first  offense. 


20(» 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


be  lined  not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars  nor  less  than  fifty  dollars,  and  for  each 
subsequent  offense  be  imprisoned  for  the  term  of  thirty  days. 

As  late  aa  18*^2  there  existed  an  orgt'.nization  in  Ohio,  known  as  the 
"  Medical  Convention  of  Ohio,"  which  was  empowered  to  grant  licenses 
to  practice  medicine.  Dr.  William  Fithian,  of  Danville,  Vermilion 
county,  probably  the  oldest  physician  in  Illinois  holding  a  certiJicate 
from  the  State  Boakd  of  Health,  received  a  license  from  this  medical 
convention  on  the  25th  of  May,  1822. 

Medical  College  of  Ohio. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  (Pop.  255,139.) 
Organized  in  1819.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1821.  Classes 
have  graduated  each  subsequent  year.  In  1858,  tiie  Miami  Medical 
College  was  merged  into  this  institution,  and  continued  in  this  rela- 
tion for  several  years  {vide  infra). — The  faculty  embraces  ten  professors, 
nine  assistants  to  chairs,  three  lecturers  and  three  demonstrators. 

OoiJBSE  OF  Instiiuction :  A  preliminary  session  of  two  weeks'  duration;  a 
regular  session  of  i  enty-three  weeks'  duration ;  a  spring  term  of  six  wiieks'  dura- 
tion, annually.  Clinics  at  hospital  and  dispensary. — Lectures  embrace  ophthal- 
mology, otology,  anatomy,  clinical  surgery,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  clinical 
medicine,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  princii>les  and  practice  of  surgery, 
obstetrics,  diseases  of  children,  gynecology,  physiology,  medical  chemistry,  clinical 
laryngology,  pathology,  dermatology. 

RE(imBEMENT8 :  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  three  years'  study;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  satisfactory 
examination  on  the  seven  branches  of  medicine;  (5)  good  moral  character;  (6) 
evidence  of  having  dissected  "twice;"  (7)  evidence  of  having  attended  hospital 
clinics  each  year  of  their  attendance  at  the  college. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  $75;  demonstrator,  $5;  clinical  labora- 
tory (optional),  $5;  hospital,  $5;  graduation,  $30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1877-78  304  102  33.5 

1879-80  32G  108  81.6 

1881-82  341  104  80.S 

1882-8.S  302  102  38.7 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  for  the  four  years  for  which 
data  have  been  obtained,  tkirty-two. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  regular  session,  15. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  184, 

WoHTHiNOTON    Medical    College.  —  (Medical    Department,    of    Ohio 

University.) 
Worthington,  Ohio. 
Organized  in  1832.    Removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1843.    Classes  were 


OHIO. 


Ql 


i,  and  for  eaoh 

nown  as  the 
rant  licenses 
3,  Vermilion 
a  certidcate 
this  medical 


821.    ClasBes 
iami  Medical 
in  this  rela- 
en  professors, 
itrators. 
ks'   duratiou;  a 
six  woeks'  dura- 
nbrace  ophthal- 
ipeutiCH,  clinical 
tice  of  surgery, 
lemistry,  clinical 

twenty-one  years 

(4)  satisfactory 

al  character;  (6) 

ittended  hospital 

;  clinical  labora- 

aession  reported, 

Percent. 
33.5 
31.6 
30.5 
33.7 
ir  years  for  which 

n,  16. 


Iment    of    Ohio 


3.    Classes  were 


graduated  in  1834,  1835,  1836,  1837  and  1838.    In  1845  the  name  was 
changed,  and  it  became  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute.     {Vide  infra.) 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  1. 

Medical  Depahtment  of  the  Willoughby  University. 
Willoughby,  Lake  County,  O. 
Organized   in    1835.     Extinct.      No   other   infonnation   has    been 
received. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  1. 

Physio-Medical    College.  —  (Cincinnati     Literary     and     Scientific 

Institute.) 
Cincinnati,  O. 
Organized  in  1830. — Graduated  classes  until  1880,  when  its  founder 
and,  at   that  time,  sole  professor,  was  removed  by  death.     Diplomas 
issued  during  the  last  six  j  ears  of  its  existence  are  not  recognized  by 
the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Health. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  8. 

American  Medical  College. 
Cincinnati,  O. 
Organized  in  1839.     Merged  into  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  in 
1857. 

Number  of  gi-aduates  in  Illinois,  14. 

Cincinnati  Medical  College. 
Cincinnati,  O. 
Organized  in  1834.     Merged  into  the  Ohio  Medical  College  in  1846. 

Medical   Department  of  the  Western   Reserve  University. — (Cleve- 
land Medical  College.) 
Cleveland,  O.     (Pop.  100,140.) 

Organized  in  1843,  under  the  name  of  the  Cleveland  Medical 
College,  the  Medical  Department  of  Western  Reserve  College.  The 
first  class  was  graduated  in  1844.  Classes  have  been  graduated  each 
subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  fifteen  professors  and  one 
demonstrator. 

OouBSB  OF  Instbuotion:  One  regular  term  of  twenty-four  weeks'  duration, 
one  reading  term  of  twelve  weeks'  duration,  and  a  practitioner's  course  of  four 
weeks'  duration,  annually.  Graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required.  The 
plan  of  instruction  includes  lectures,  clinics,  recitations,  quizzes,  and  practical 
demonstrations. — Lectures  embrace  chemistry,  toxicology,   anatomy,  physiology, 


■^ 


,v»-,.  .ntlr«itj.  ..-ux-;.-    J''».A-,.-.-JV..'..K.^rV  T;..i.  .it.-  >-.    ■  ...  .rjat^.'».«.-,-..j.l«,  j-)i.vr,-.  ,j.-i»Ji'»  .Vif^.. 


■Mi 


202 


MEDICAL  LA\V8  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


hi'ftolof^y,'  mntprin  metlicii  imd  thempentics,  obstetrics,  disonaes  of  children,  theory 
and  practice  of  medicine,  principles  of  surgery,  clinical  Hurgery,  clinical  medicine, 
pathology,  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  physical  diagnosis,  diseases  of  women, 
medical  jurisprudence,  state  medicine,  orthopedic  surgery. 

KEyuiUEMENTS:  For  admission,  students  will  be  required  to  give  satisfactory 
evidence  to  the  registrar  of  n  good  ordinary  English  education. — For  graduation: 
(1)  good  English  education;  (2)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4) 
two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  thesis. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  f5;  lectures  (including  liospital),  i|60;  graduating,  $80. 
Sthdentii:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
antl  percentagts  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  (irnduates.  Percent. 

1879-80  86  27  31.4 

1881-83  188  '        88  44.1 

1882-83  161  50  31.0 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculntt'S  during  the  past  three  years, 
thirty-nix. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois.  44. 


EoLEctic  Medical  Institute. 

Cincinnati,  O. 

Orf:tanized  in  1845,  as  the  successor  oi  the  Worthiiii^ton  Medical 
Collef!;e  (organizetl  in  1832.  vide  nupra).  The  first  class  was  c^'aduated 
in  1845,  and  two  or  more  chiF  s  have  lieen  gi'aduated  each  subsequent 
year.  The  American  Medical  v College  was  merged  into  this  school  iu 
18P7,  and  the  Eclectic  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  was  merged 
into  it  in  1859. -The  faculty  embraces  eight  professors  and  one 
demonstrator. 

CounsE  OF  Instbuotion:  Two  courses,  each  of  twenty  weeks'  duration,  annu- 
ally. Three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required.- -Lectures 
embrace  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women,  niaterii  medica,  therapeutics,  pathology, 
practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  anatomy,  clinical  medicine,  clinical  surgery,  physi- 
ology, chemistry,  hygiene,  forensic  medicine. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  none.  For  graduation:  "Students  applying 
for  graduation  must  have  read  medicine  for  three  years  and  attended  two  full 
courses  of  lectures  in  different  years,  the  last  of  which  has  been  in  this  institution; 
or  have  read  two  years  and  attended  three  courses  of  lectures;  or  have  attended 
four  courses  of  lectures  without  previous  reading.  Examinations  for  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  medicine  will  be  held  at  the  close  of  both  winter  and  spring  sessions,  but 
there  will  be  but  one  public  commencement  yearly — at  the  close  of  the  spring 
session,  and  all  diplomas  will  bear  date  of  the  first  Tuesday  in  June.  No  diplomas 
will  be  issued  except  on  actual  attendance  and  examination.  The  corporation 
grants  no  degrees  in  honorarium  or  ad  eundeni." 

Fees:  Lectures,  including  matriculation  and  demonstrator's  fee,  f  75;  gradu- 
ation, $26. 


children,  theory 
clinical  medicine, 
eases  of   women, 

give  satisfactory 
-For  jrrn'luntion: 
}  years'  study;  (4) 

graduating.  $30. 
I  session  reported, 

Percent. 
31.4 
44.1 

31.0 
;  past  three  years. 


liiiifton  Mi'dical 
^  WU8  cfraduated 
aacb  subsequent 
)  this  school  ill 
n-y  wn.s  merged 
essora   and   one 

ts'  duration,  anun- 
equired.-  -Lectures 
pe.itics,  pathology, 
oal  surgery,  pliyai- 

Students  applying 
attended  two  full 
in  this  institution; 
;  or  have  attended 
IS  for  the  degree  of 
apilng  sessions,  but 
jlose  of  the  spring 
fune.  No  diplomas 
.    The  corporation 

jr's  fee,  f  75;  gradu- 


OHIO. 


203 


Hti  dents:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 
1877  78 
1878-79 

1879  80 

1880  81 

1881  82 
1882~8.S 


Matriculates. 
267 
209 
243 
31 G 
272 
225 


Graduates, 
121 

74 

60 
114 
100 

64 


Percent. 
45.3 
35.4 
20.5 
36+ 
86.7 
28.4 


years, 


Dr. 


Averag'j  percentage  of   graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six 
•  thirty-sevrn. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  7. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  280. 

KEMAEK8:     Women   will  be  admittr  the  future  sessions. 

Jno.  M.  Scudder,  dean,  writes  that  "  Tliu  Eclectic  Medical  Institute 
does  not  propose  to  fall  behind  other  collej^es  of  the  country  in  the 
requirements  for  admission,  in  the  thoroughness  of  teaching,  and  in 
the  medical  scholarship  necessary  for  graduation." 

Starling  Medical  College. 
Columbus,  O.     (Pop.  51,047.) 

Organized  in  1847.  Tlie  first  class  was  graduated  in  1848,  and 
clas--ps  have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year.— The  faculty 
embraces  fourteen  professors  and  one  demonstrator. 

OouitsE  OF  Instbuction:  One  annual  session  of  six  months'  duration. 
Prompt  attendance  on  tiie  beginning  of  the  session  will  be  retjuired.  Graded 
course  of  three  years  recommended,  but  not  required.  -Lectures  embrace  anatomy, 
phy.^iology,  surgery,  surgical  anatomy,  operative  surgery,  theory  and  practice  of 
medicine,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women,  surgical  diseases  of  women,  insanity, 
diseases  of  children,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  ophthalmology,  otology, 
histology,  pathology,  toxicology,  chemistry,  medical  jurisprudence. 

REeiuniEMENTR:  For  admission,  none.  -For  graduation,  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  three  years'  study;  (3)  two  full  courses;  (4)  successful  examination;  (6) 
thesis. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $6;  demonstrator,  |5;  lectures,  $40;  laboratory,  |6; 
graduation,  $25. 

Students:    Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates. 

1877  78  65  •  26 

1878-79  48  20 

1879-80  71  86  ' 

1880  81  99  U 

1881-82  116  -58 

1882-88  59  9B 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
forty. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois.  34. 


Percent. 
40 
41.8 
36.6 
36.3 
45.7 
40.7 


ao4 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


HOMCEOPATHIO    HoSPITAL    CoLLEGE. 

Cleveland,  O. 
Organized  in  1849,  as  the  Western  College  of  Homa'opathic  Medi- 
cine. In  1857  the  name  was  changed  to  the  Western  Homojopathic 
College,  and  in  1870  the  corporation  assumed  its  present  title.  Ir  1870 
the  Homoeopathic  College  for  Women  was  merged  into  this  institittion. 
The  first  class  graduated  in  1850.  Classes  have  graduated  each  subse- 
quent    year. — The    faculty    embraces    ten    professors,    two   adjunct 

professors  and  one  lecturer. 

CounsE  OF  Inhtbuction  :  ( )ne  annual  session  of  twenty -four  weeks'  duration. 
Three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required.  Frequent  examina- 
tions are  held  by  the  professors.  Clinics  at  hospital  and  dispensaries.-  Lectures 
embrace  obstetrics,  surgery,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  oplithalmology, 
otology,  surgical  and  medical  diseases  of  women,  anatomy,  materia  medica,  physi- 
ology, medical  jurisprudence,  microscopy.  Special  courses  in  physical  diagnosis, 
obstetrics,  minor  surgery,  chemistry,  and  microscopy. 

Requibements:  For  admission:  A  satisfactory  examination  in  English  schol- 
arship, including  orthography,  English  grammar,  penmanship,  arithmetic,  and 
United  States  history,  and  furnish  the  examining  committee  acceptable  testimo- 
nials as  to  character.  It  is  not  intended  to  make  this  a  critical  examination;  but 
what  is  required  and  insisted  upon  is,  that  every  student  shall  possess  a  fair 
English  education.  Graduates  from  literary,  scientific  and  high  schools  will  be 
exempt  from  this  examination  by  presenting  their  diplomas  or  certificates  attest- 
ing graduation.— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  two  full  courses 
of  lectures;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  good  English  scholarship;  (5)  well-sustained 
written  examinations. 

Fees:  Matriculation  (paid  but  once),  $5;  lectures,  $40;  demonstrator,  |6; 
graduation,  $30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates. 

1877-78  IOC)  34 

1878-79  108  25 

1879-80  l.SO  25 

1880-81  131  26 

1881-82  129  26 

1882-83  131  55 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
twenty-seven. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  3. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  11. 

Remarks:  The  diu^ation  of  the  lecture  course  has  been  increased 
from  twenty  two  to  twenty -four  weeks  since  the  last  session. 

Cincinnati  College  or  Medicine  and  Surgery. 
Cincinnati,  O. 
Organized  in  184U.     The  first  class  was  gi-aduated  in  1852,  and 


Percent. 
32 
28+ 
19.2 
19.8 


50.9 


m 


OHIO. 


205 


lathic  Mcdi- 
;om(Bopathic 
le.  In  1870 
B  institirtion. 
I  each  siibBe- 
two   acljiinct 

reeks'  duration, 
[uent  examina- 
ries.-  Lectures 
sphthnlmology, 
medica,  physi- 
fiical  diagnosis, 

I  English  schol- 
arithmetic,  and 
ptable  testimo- 
camination;  but 
possess  a  fair 
schools  will  be 
rtiflcates  attest- 
two  full  courses 
;)  well-sustained 

moustrator,  $5; 

lession  reported, 

Percent. 
32 
23+ 
li>.2 
19.8 
20-1- 
60.9 
past  six  years. 


jeen  increased 
on. 

RY. 

in  1852,  and 


one  or  moro  classes  have  been  grnduatfd  each  snbseqtiont  year.— The 
faculty  embraces  eleven  professors  and  one  demonstrator. 

CouHSB  OF  Inhtkuction:  One  regular  session  of  tweuty-livo  weeks'  duration. 
Students  may  have,  if  they  desire,  their  course  of  instruction  graded. — Lectures 
embrace  therapeutics,  materia  medica,  principles  and  jjractice  of  medicine,  clinical 
medicine,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  surgery,  obstetrics,  gynecology, 
physiology,  genito-urinary  and  venereal  diseases,  chemistry,  anatomy,  ophthal- 
mology, otology,  laryngology,  diseases  of  children,  state  medicine. 

Requiuemknth:  For  admission,  none.— For  graduation:  (1)  tweuty-one  yeai-s 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  three  years' 
study;  (!i)  satisfactory  examination;  (6)  practical  anatomy  for  one  session;  (7) 
hospital  clinics  for  one  session. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  |5;  demonstrator  (including  material),  |10;  hospital, 
$6;  lectures,  !ji35;  graduation,  $25. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates —  * 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent 

1876-77 

137 

68 

50— 

1877-78 

80 

82 

40 

1878-79 

— 

26 

— 

1879  80 

66 

27 

40.9 

1880-81 

•J3 

80 

32.2 

1881-82 

, 

84 

— 

1882-83 

89 

81 

34.8 

Average  jierceutage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  five  years, 
forty. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  66 

Miami  Medical  College. 
Cincinnati,  O. 

Organized  in  1852.  Classes  were  graduated  in  1853,  '54,  '55,  '56 
and  '57.  In  1858  this  college  was  merged 'into  the  Ohio  Medical  Col- 
lege. In  1805  the  Miami  Medical  College  was  re-established  and  a 
class  was  graduated  in  1806,  since  which  time  classes  have  been  gradu- 
ated annually. — The  faculty  embraces  eleven  professors,  three  lecturers 
and  five  demonstrators. 

CouBSE  OF  Instruction:  A  preliminary  term  of  two  weeks'  duration,  a  regular 
term  of  twenty-two  weeks'  duration,  and  a  spring  session  of  six  weeks'  duration, 
annually.  The  curriculum  has  been  so  arranged  as  to  embrace  a  thorough  course 
of  didactic  lectures  with  systematic  clinical  instruction  and  practical  work  in  the 
dissecting  rooms  and  laboratories.  —  Lectures  embrace  ophthalmology,  otology, 
principles  of  surgery,  gynecology,  anatomy,  physiology,  histology,  pathology, 
laryngology,  chemistry,  toxicology,  genito-urinary  and  venereal  diseases,  institntea 
of  medicine,  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  obstetrics,  therapeutics, 
materia  medica,  diseases  of  women,  diseases  of  children,  pharmacy. 

Requibements :  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of 


200 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTIJUTIONS. 


lectures;  oue  course  of  (5)  practical  lumtoiny,  (&)  of  prncticul  chemistry,  and  (7) 
of  clinics  nt  the  liosiiitiil;  (8)  full  and  satisfactory  examination  on  each  brauch 
tnujrht  in  the  college. 

?"i.bh:  Matriculation,  $5;  demonstrator,  |5;  practical  chemistry,  *7;  practical 
phys       ''Xy  and  histoloj^y,  $7;  lectures,  175;  graduation,  $25;  hospital,  $6. 

is:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  nt  enchsession  renorted, 
and  p  iages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

bi    -ion.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1877  78  ia»  50  88.7 

1878  7i>  I'aO  33  27.5 

1879  80  147  48  82.7 

1880  81  126  84  27- 
1881-82                         124   .                             41                               33+ 
1882-83                           114                                   41  36-- 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past   six   years, 
thirty-tu-o. 
*     Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  last  session,  7. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois.  33. 

Remarks:  The  course  lias  been  lengthened  two  weeks.  Although 
no  Ktatemont  concerning  the  educational  requirement,  before  admisHion 
to  the  lecture  course,  is  contained  in  the  last  unnounceinent,  the  dean 
of  the  college  stated,  in  his  opening  address,  that  the  faculty  proposed 
to  and  would  hold  a  preliminaiy  examination  of  students  before  admis- 
sion to  the  college,  in  accordance  with  the  schodnle  of  minimum  require- 
ments of  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Health. 


Eclectic  College  or  Medicine  and  Sukgerv. 
Cincinnati,  O. 
Organized  in  1856.     Merged  into  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  in 
1859.     Classes  were  graduated  in  1857,  1858  and  1859. 

• 

Physio-Medical  Institute. 
Cincinnati,  O. 

Organized  in  1859.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  18(50.  Classes 
have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year.  —  The  faculty  embraces 
twelve  professors  and  two  demonstrators. 

CouBSE  OF  Instbuotion:  One  course  of  lectures  of  twenty-one  weeks'  duration, 
annually.  "  The  course  includes  didactic  and  clinical  instruction,  practical  dissec- 
tions and  laboratory  work."  Examinations  of  the  class  are  made  each  day  and 
graduates'  reviews  are  held  two  or  more  times  each  week  during  fourteen  weeks  of 
the  session.  Three  years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required. — Lectures 
embrace  science  and  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  "medical  and  opera- 
tive surgery,"  medical  and  surgical  gynecology,  obstetrics,  clinical  midwifery, 
chemistry,  toxicology,  analysis,  anatomy,  physiology,  insanity,  mental  diseases, 
therapeutics,  materia  medica,  diseases  of  children,  hygiene,  sanitary  science,- 
microscopy,  histology,  pharmacy,  medical  jurisprudence. 


mitttry,  and  (7) 
on  LMicli  bi-aucli 

y,  ^7;  practical 

ital,  $5. 

eaflion  renortod, 

Percent. 
38.7 
27.5 
32.7 
27- 
33+ 

past   six   years, 


is.  Although 
'ore  admission 
lent,  the  dean 
ulty  proposed 
before  admis- 
imum  require- 


al  Institute  in 


1800.  Classes 
ulty  embraces 

weeks'  duration, 
practical  dissec- 
le  each  day  and 
ourteen  weeks  of 
uired. — Lectures 
idical  and  opera - 
[lical  midwifery, 
mental  diseases, 
sanitary   science,' 


OHIO. 


207 


Hk<4UIUkmenth:  For  adniisxion,  "  Studi'Uls  uiiist,  either  by  hii^fh  wi-hool  certifi- 
cate or  suitable  examination,  give  evidence  of  having'  a  j^ood  Enj^linh  education ; 
furnish  satisfactory  evidence  of  proper  preparation  and  of  tfood  moral  character." 
The  faculty  reserve  the  rijjht  to  exclude  a  student  at  any  time,  for  inebriety, 
improjier  ueportuient,  or  any  cause  to  them  sullicieut.  Attendance  must  be>,'in 
with  the  opening  of  the  lecture  term  and  be  puiictual  throu;,'hout.  -t'or^jraduation: 
(1)  twenty -one  years  of  aj{e;  (2)  jjood  moral  character;  (,.'()  three  full  years'  study; 
(4|  two  full  courses  of  lectures,  and  (5)  hospital  attendance;  ((5)  two  courses  of 
dissections;  (7)  punctual  attendance  on  all  the  collet,'e  lectures,  (graduates'  reviews 
and  the  two  terms  of  hospital  clinics;  (8)  "written  examination  in  all  the  departments 
of  instruction."  "  The  standing  of  the  student  in  the  written  exercises  in  practice 
and  the  graduates'  reviews  must  also  be  satisfactory." 

Fees:  Matriculation,  15;  demonstrator,  $5;  hospital,  !j!5;  lectures,  $60;  gradu- 
ation, $25. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  rei)orted, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1877-78  87  U  38— 

1878  79  88  7  21-f 

1879  80  88  18  34.2 

1880  81  84  11  32.3 

1881  82  Se  12  33.3 

1882  83  -26  12  46+ 
Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  i)ast  six  years, 

thirty-three  (?) 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  4. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  25. 

Medioal  Department  of   the  University  of  Woosteh. 
Cleveland,  O. 

Organized  in  INfU,  as  the  Charity  Hospital  Medical  College.     It 
was  transferred  to  its  present  connection  in  1870.     The  first  class  was 
graduated  in  1865.     One  or  more  classes  have  been  graduated  each 
subsequent  year,  excepting  1881.— The  facility  embraces  thirteen  pro 
lessors,  one  adjunct  professor,  two  lecturers  and  two  demonstrators. 

CouBSE  OF  Inhtkuction:  "  A  careful  study  of  the  problems  of  medical  educa- 
tion and  an  intelligent  review  of  the  intricate  (luestious  connected  with  the  demand 
for  professional  services  in  this  country  constrain  the  trustees  and  faculty  to 
believe  that  they  will  best  subserve  the  interests  of  those  who  look  to  them  for 
professional  instruction,  and  at  the  same  time  aid  in  elevating  the  standard  of 
medical  education,  by  making  the  following  changes:  Instead  of  one  session  a 
year,  there  hereafter  will  be  two  sessions  per  annum-  one,  to  be  known  as  the 
winter  session,  commencing  the  first  Wednesday  in  September,  and  continuing  five 
months;  the  other,  called  the  summer  session,  beginning  the  first  Wednesday  in 
March,  and  lasting  five  months.  Students  who  have  coi-^pliej  with  the  legal 
requirements  can  graduate  at  the  end  of  either  session.  No  thesis  will  be  required 
of  candidates  for  graduation.  Examinations  will  be  written."  Clinics  in  hospital 
and  dispensary.    Graded  course,  covering  four  sessions  in  two  years,  recommended 


wnjtwiiiiiaiMtaiSaiWBWjwwiiaiittn 


208 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


but  not  ruiiuired. — LeotnreH  embrace  obxtetrioH,  medicnl  and  aar({ical  difleiiseH  of 
women,  cliniciil  gynecology,  principles  iind  practice  of  surgery,  clinical  surgery, 
operative  surgery,  oplithahuology,  otology,  diseases  of  children,  principles  and 
practice  of  iiicdicin<s  diseases  of  the  chest,  physical  diagnosis,  mental  and  nervous 
diseases,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  anatomy,  chemistry,  toxicology,  pliysiology, 
dermatology. 

llEyuiuKMENTH:  For  admission,  (a)  good  English  education;  (b)  good  moral 
character.--"  An  examination  committee  has  been  appointed  in  order  to  comply 
with  the  ro<iuirements  of  the  laws  of  the  various  States,  demanding  preliminary 
examinations  before  admission  to  medical  lectures.  Students  possessing  academi- 
cal or  collegiate  degrees,  or  who  have  graduated  at  high  schools,  etc.,  would  do 
well  to  bring  evidence  of  tiie  same  with  them."  -For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one 
years  of  age;  (2)  three  years'  study;  (H)  at  least  two  "dissections"  in  practical 
anatomy;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  satisfactory  examiuination  on  seven 
chairs;  (ti)  certificate  of  character. 

Extract  from  a  letter  written  by  the  vice-dean:  "While  stating,  in  our 
announcement,  that  we  graduate  at  the  end  of  either  session,  it  is  not  made  us  dear 
as  it  should  be  that  we  have  not,  and  never  will  graduate  a  student  upon  two 
Buccessive  sessions  in  the  same  twelve  months,  unless  he  has  already  attended  one 
full  course  in  some  other  recognized  school." 

Fees:  Matriculation  (good  for  both  courses),  |6;  hospital,  |6;  demonstrator, 
$6;  lectures,  $40;  graduation,  $30. 

Studenth:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Per  cent. 

1878  83  24  29— 

1879  .89  »7  41.5 

1880  "88  88  *3+ 

1881  lOe  87  36 

1882  88  14  *2.4 

1883  87  17  •         21+ 
Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 

thirty-six. 

Graduates  in  Illinois  (including  Charity  Hospital  College  graduates),  8. 


PoLTE  Medical  College.— (Hom(Eopaf/itc.) 
Cincinnati,   O. 

Organized  in  1872.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1873. 
Classes  have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty 
embraces  ten  professors,  two  lecturers  and  one  demonstrator. 

CouBSB  OP  Instbuotion:  One  annual  course  of  lectures  of  twenty -three  weeks' 
duration;  three  years'  graded  course  recommended  but  not  required;  clinics  at 
hospital  and  dispensary;  quizzes  by  students'  societies. — Lectures  embrace 
anatomy,  physiology,  histology,  microscopy,  pathology,  physical  diagnosis, 
medical  jurisprudence,  chemistry,  pharmacology,  toxicology,  diseases  of  women, 
diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  obstetrics,  surgery,  materia  medica,  theory  and  prac- 
tice of  medicine,  dermatology,  diseases  of  infants  and  children,  and  therapeutics. 

Requibembnts:     For  admission,  none.— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 


OHIO. 


200 


ical  diaeoseH  of 

linical  surgery, 
principlPH  imd 
titl  nnd  iiurvoua 
Ky,  pliyaioloKy, 

[b)  good  luorul 
rder  to  comply 
ij{  prelimiimry 
sssing  Hcudpiui- 
etc,  would  do 
(1)  tweuty-one 
* "  in  pnictical 
intion  on  weveu 

xtnting,  in  our 
it  mude  118  denr 
dent  upon  two 
ly  iittended  one 

demonstrator, 

assion  reported. 

Per  cent. 
29— 
41.5 
48+ 
35— 
42.4 

21+ 

past  six  years, 

lates),  8. 


»d  in  1873. 
-The  faculty 
or. 

ity-three  weeks' 
ired;  clinics  at 
tures  embrace 
cal  diagnosis, 
ises  of  women, 
leory  and  prac- 
i  therapeutics, 
enty-one  years 


Session. 

Matriculates 

1877  78 

— - 

1878  79 

— . 

1879  80 

_ 

1880-81 

88 

1881  82 

79 

' 1882  83 

6G 

of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  throe  years' 
study;  (5)  thorough  examination  on  nil  subjects  taught  in  the  school;  (6)  dissec- 
tion of  two  "  parts." 

Fkbs:  Matriculation  (paid  but  once),  |6;  lectures,  |B0;  hospital,  |6;  demon- 
strator, .flO;  graduation,  |3(). 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Graduates.  Percent. 

44  — 

m  — 

89  — 

41  4«.« 

84  48+ 

81  47 

Average  percentage  of  gradrates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  three  years, 
forty-five. 

Number  oi  Illinois  students  atter-.ding  the  last  session,  1. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois.  12. 

Remarks:  J.  D.  Buck,  M.D.,  denn,  writes:  "  Whatever  we  do,  we 
intend  to  do  squarely,  and  not  as  a  sham  to  meet  the  requirements  of 
your  Board,  although  we  agree  to  do  everything  urged  in  favor  of 
higher  education,  preliminary  to  the  study  of  medicine." 

American  Health  Colleoe.  « 

Cincinnati,   O. 

See  List  of  Institutions  not  recognized  by  the  Illinois  State 
Board  of  Health. 

Organized  in  1874-76.  The  faculty  embraces  one  person,  who 
teaches  "the  great  vitapathic  system,  which  he  originated  and  copy- 
righted." 

The  following  is  extz-acted  from  the  author's  "little  red  book.'.' 

"  The  author  furnishes  boo^s,  printed  lessons,  formulas,  receipts,  specifics,  and 
special  modes  of  vital  treatment  for  all  diseases,  with  the  sure  method  of  diagnosis, 
and  all  lessons  belonging  to  the  vitapathic  system,  with  diploma  and  full  right  to 
practice,  to  physicians  of  all  schools  and  all  well  qualified  persons  who  can  learn 
the  new  system  at  home. 

"  Males,  for  $100.    Females,  for  |76. 

"  Male  students  who  need  verbal  lessons  and  full  college  course,  with  all  the 
above,  $160.    Female  students  (the  same),  $100. 

"  N.  B.— -Students  can  get  general  medical  instruction  wherever  most  con- 
venient, but  best  at  our  branches  in  the  different  cities  of  the  Union,  preparatory 
to  applying  here  for  vitapathy  and  its  higher  graduation,  with  the  grand  diploma 
of  the  American  Health  College,  the  highest  institution  in  the  world. 

"  Regular  courses  of  vitapathic  lectures  will  commence  the  first  of  October. 

"  College  open  for  instruction  and  graduation  at  all  times.    Terms  cash. 

"  No  diploma,  or  books,  or  lessons,  or  rights  sold  separate.  All  must  go 
14 


•J  10  MEDICAL  LAVV8  AND  INHTITUTI0N8. 

\ 

to^ethor  to  coniplrtc  tlio  BjMteiii  to  fillip  i>aitl-iip  NtiidcntH.  I'ho  Anii>ric(Ui  Ftcnlth 
{Jollfgn  is  not  intt'iidt'd  to  huihthi'iIo  otlior  iiu'clical  or  hPiilth  collu^jes,  or  other 
mudicitl  itiHtruotioii,  Hoiiie  of  which  may  bti  Kood,  an  utr  itH  it  gu«H  in  the  right 
direction,  imd  uh  such  in  preparatory  to  tiie  higher  v'lapathic  iiiHtriiotion.  Hut  the 
American  Ilealtli  f'ollege  in  organized  and  eRtal)lislii'd  to  teacii  jiliynicianw,  and 
advanced  ntudentu  of  all  scIiooIh,  the  liiglier  and  better  vitapathic  nynteni,  and  to 
instruct  and  graduate  a  tiigh"r  grade  of  li  'altii  doctorn,  who  nhall  understand  the 
wiiole  physical  and  spiritual  dual  man,  and  understand  the  full  nature  of  his  i.hy»- 
ical  and  spiiitual  diseases,  and  know  how  to  cure  tli.in." 

Tho  poHHOHHor  of  oru»  of  its  diploman  was  recenlly  aiTostod  iu  Illi- 
nois for  practicing  without  a  certilicato  from  the  State  Boahd  or 
Health — the  Board  having  rofuHPd  in  recognize  the  diploma  as  the 
j)ropnr  basiH  for  Kuch  oortificati'.  On  triid  the  man  waH  found  guilty  as 
charged,  and  has  since  left  the  State. 

• 

tJoLUMDus  Medical  College. 
Cohiml)UH,   O. 

Organized  in  1875.  The  iirst  clasH  wan  graduated  in  1870.  ClaHwes 
have  been  graduated  in  each  subsequent  year.  The  faculty  oinbracea 
twelve  professors,  one  lecturer  and  two  demonstrators. 

CouiiHE  OF  iNBTKtJCTloN :  Instruction  consists  of  didnctic  and  cUnical  lecturBB, 
with  daily  examinations  in  each  department,  otic  regular  course  of  twenty-six 
weeks'  duration,  annually. — Lectures  embrace  surgery,  clinical  snrgery,  minor 
surgery,  obstetrics,  theory  and  j)rHCtice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  chemistry 
ftnd  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  toxicology,  anatomy,  gynecology,  physiology, 
diseases  of  children,  physical  diagnosis,  venereal  diseases,  medical  jurisprudence, 
ophthalmology,  histology,  i)athology. 

Re(<iiibemknts:  For  admission,  holders  of  degrees  in  the  arts  and  sciences, 
those  who  have  successfully  made  the  entrnnce  examination  to  any  college,  gradu- 
ates of  high  schools  and  normal  schoolf.  and  those  who  hold  certificates  for  one 
year  to  teach  in  the  public  schools,  or  th-ir  equivalent,  will  be  admitted  on  thesi 
testimonials.  All  others  must  exhibit  evidences  of  the  pusBession  of  a  good 
English  education. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  good  moral 
character;  (3)  two  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  three  years'  study;  (5)  one  course  of 
l)racticnl  anatomy;  (6)  thesis;  (7)  satisfactory  examination. 

Fkks:     Matriculation,  iJS;  demonstrator,  $r>;  lectures,  |30;  graduation,  $25. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates— 


Session. 

Matricuhites. 

Graduates, 

Percent 

1877-78 

118 

61 

42+ 

1878  79 

IM 

50 

34.7 

1879  80 

.      t»fl 

41 

82.6 

1880  81 

.    •  j;4J| 

61 

42+ 

1881-82 

m 

69 

45+ 

1882  83 

IflB 

46 

37+ 

Average  percentage  of  graduateB  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
thirty-eight. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  2. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois.  4. 


OHIO. 


211 


ricHii  Hitalth 
l{iis,  or  othur 

in  tlu>  ri>?ht 
ion.  Hut  the 
ynicinuH,  and 
stem,  imd  to 
dorntiind  the 

of  luH  rliys- 

tod  in  lUi- 

Board   of 

mm  (VH  the 

ul  guilty  ns 


76.  Classes 
ty  ombriices 

nical  lectures, 
nf  twnnty-flix 
r^ery,  minor 
no,  ciiemiHtry 
r,  physiology, 
uriwprudouco, 

and  Bcienoea, 
oUege,  grndu- 
Icdtes  for  one 
itted  on  thesi 
m  of  a  good 
2)  good  moral 
one  course  of 

luation,  $25. 
ssion  reported. 

Percent. 

42+         ,'.  -■ 

34.7 

32.6 

42-f- 

45+ 

37+ 
past  six  years. 


Rrmakkh:  Tlin  aiin()iinnt>niorit  for  IHS;{-H4  stntoH  thiit  "cmirHOH  will 
bt<j^ir»  thirt  toria  upon  hygiouo  iiud  stato  iii(«li(uiio,  in  ncconlaiioo  with  tbo 
oxprpsHeil  (lesiro  of  many  who  are  iiiton>Htotl  in  state  niodiciuo." 

Physio-Eclkotk:  Medical  Coi,i,KnE. 

Cincinnati,  O. 

See  List  of  InstitiitionH  not  recognized  by  the  Illinois  Statk  Board 
OF  Health. 

Organized  in  1870.  A  fraudulent  institution,  ongagod  in  the  sale 
of  diplomas.  In  1870  the  name  was  changed  to  The  American 
Eclectic  Medical  College,  and  a  new  charter  was  obtained,  but  tho 
same  practices  were  continued  under  the  new  title.  See  American 
Eclectic  Medical  College— 1879-82. 

American  Eclkotio  Medical  College — 1879-82. 
Cincinnati,  O. 

See  List  of  Institutions  not  recognized  by  the  Illinois  State  Board 
OF  Health. 

Organized  in  1879,  as  the  successor  of  tho  Phy  j-Eclectic  Medi- 
cal College,  which  see. 

American  Eclectic   Medical  College — 1883. 
Cincinnati,  O. 

Organized  in  1888  as  tlie  successor  of  the  institution  of  the  same 
name,  described  above. 

The  dean  of  the  re-organized  college  writes,  December  5,  1883, 
concerning  the  pnblislied  announcement  for  the  session  of  1883-84 
and  the  requirements  of  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Health:  "I 
think  we  now  fully  understand  you,  and  have  decided  to  come  squarely 
up  to  tho  mark,  i.  e.,  to  abanilon  intermediate  positions;  have  but  one 
graduating  term  per  annum;  exact  preliminary  school  qualifications, 
and  a  full  attainment  of  all  basilar  branches  of  medicine,  with  a  o  \rric- 
ulum  embracing  all  usually  required  in  a  medical  education,"  etc. 
From  the  announcement  for  1884-85  the  T-jiiowing  is  compiled. — The 
faculty  embraces  ten  professors. 

Course  of  Instbuotion  :  One  annual  graduaimg  sussion,  beginning  October  1 
1884,  ending  February  17,  1885.— Lectures  embrace  (each  group  by  one  pro- 
fessor) biology,  psychology,  functional  pathology,  and  principles  and  practice  of 
medicine;  anatomy,  general  and  operative  surgery,  organic  pathology  and  prac- 
tical anatomy  (dissections);  obstetrics,  gynecology  and  diseases  of  children* 
physiology,  histology  and  clinical  medicine;  ontology,  bio-dynamics,  and  nervous 
diseases;  mental  and  physical  hygiene  and  sanitary  science ;  medical  jurisprudence- 


'^ 


212 


MKDICAL  LAWB  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


ohuiulxtry  and  toxicology;  iiiiituriik  tiioilioii.  ({cncriil  piitlioloKy  itiid  theriipeiitiM; 
<tt«ctro-th«rnp«utic)<  uinl  orthoixidic  Htir^cry. 

Reijuiiikuknth:  For  iiilinirtHioii,  n  ci'rlillcnte  of  colli*^i>  or  IiIkI)  xchool  ^rndun- 
tion,  or  nn  oxiiiiiiniktion  iu  thu  uhiiiiI  KnKli'«h  briinchox,  nnd  ho  much  knowU<dx« 
of  Liitin  UK  in  ii(ioi'»«avy  lo  iindcrHfund  and  uhk  nii'diciil  tcrinti. — For  Kriiduatioii: 
BUti»faclory  fvidciifo  of  >{ood  iiidiiiI  cliiiiactdr;  (wo  full  ('oiirHi'w  of  U'cttir»<H,  tlic  luHt 
in  this  colli'({(i;  (H<r(itk'ii.<'  of  tlirnc  yearn'  incdical  ntudy  and  in  ■triiction  iiiidor  nomn 
phyHi(3ian  in  ^(jod  HtaiidLi^;  full  itud  HatiHfactory  iixauiiiiatioii  in  auatoiuy,  pliyxi- 
oloKy,  niiitcria  nitidicn  and  ttiornpeutiPH,  principles  and  pructicu  of  lut^dicine, 
pathology,  Hiirjfcry.  obnti'tiicrf  and  nynecoloj^yj  fair  exaniiniitiou  in  chuuiiHtry, 
forenniu  nicdicinu  and  liy){it'nt<. 

Fbbb:  Matriculation  (once  oidyj,  $r>;  leoturuH,  $60;  lioHpital,  demountrator, 
diBsectin}^  material.  IjiH  eacli;  (graduation.  $26. 

Toledo   Medical    Colleoe. 
Toledo,  O.  (Pop.  50,137.) 

Organized  in  1883.  The  tirst  clnas  was  graduated  in  1883. — The 
faculty  embraces  thirt(H>n  profosBors  and  one  doiuonstrator. 

CouuKE  OF  Inhthuction;  One  regular  course  of  twenty  weeks'  duration, 
eommencing  in  Mnroh.  Graded  course  recommended  but  not  required.^ — Lectures 
embrace  surf^ery,  clinicai  surj^ery,  ophthalmology,  otolojfy,  principles  and  practice 
of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  descriptive,  sur^'ical  ,iud  morbid  anatomy,  obstet 
rics,  gynecolojify,  materia  medioa,  therapeutics,  chemistry,  toxicology,  physiology, 
genito-urinary  and  venereal  diseases,  histology,  dermatology,  physical  diagnosis, 
diseasts  of  the  chest,  medical  jurisprudence. 

llByuii  dENTH:  For  admission,  "the  faculty  earnestly  desire  to  encourage  a 
higher  grade  of  literary  qualifications  in  the  student  of  medicine,  and  unless  he  can 
produce  a  di, .  txaa.  from  some  college,  high  scliool,  or  certificate  of  qualilication 
from  his  preceptor,  he  will  be  retjuired  to  pass  such  an  examination  as  will  give 
satisfactory  evidence  that  he  can  enter,  profitably,  on  his  professional  studies." — 
For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  ('2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three 
years' study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  must  have  pursued  the  study  of 
practical  anatomy ;  (6)  satisfactory  examination  in  each  of  the  branches  taught  in 
the  college. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  f6;  demonstrator,  $6;  lectures,  f40;  graduation,  $26. 

Students:    Session  of  1883,  matrirulates,  19;  graduates,  7. 

Percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates,  36.8. 

Northwestern  Ohio  Medical  Colleoe. 
Toledo,  Ohio, 

Organized  in  1883.  This  college  Ih  an  outgrowth  of  the  Toledo 
School  of  Medicine,  a  school  of  instruction  only,  which  did  not  confer 
degrees,  and  which  was  orgai.ized  in.  1878,  and  held  three  sessions. — 
The  faculty  embraces  thirteer  professors  and  one  demonstrator. 

CouBSE  OF  Instbuotion:  One  rflgular  term  of  twuty  weeks'  duration,  annually. 
— Lertares  will  embrace  the  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  clinical  surgery, 


J 


OHIO-  OKKdON. 


218 


BrnpenttM; 

)ol  uriuluft- 

{riiiluiitiou: 
rim,  tht<  likxt 
imliT  r<(iin« 
)iiiy,  pliysi- 
'  mnUicinp, 
clKuniHlry, 

inourttrutur. 


S8a.— The 


h'  duration, 
1. — Lectures 
and  prnctio* 
oniy,  obfltet 
physiology, 
111  diuguosiB, 

encourage  a 
anlesfl  he  can 
(£ualilication 
as  will  give 
il  studies." — 
;er;  (3)  three 
I  the  study  of 
ties  taught  in 

lation,  $26. 


the  Toledo 

i  not  confer 

a  sessions. — 

ator. 

tion,  annually, 
nical  surgery. 


innUriii  iiu'dloa,  th.<rnpeuticM,  di«i'iWH  ot  the  ihtviiuh  nyHtom,  principKH  iiiul  praii- 
tici'  of  iiKHlii'iii.'.  ol.st.'lricH,  gynecology,  diH(-usi'H  of  children,  ophlhiilmology, 
otology,  (liHi'HSos  of  thf  liingM,  tliroiil  miil  iihmiiI  ciivillfH,  g(-iii'rnl.  ilchx-riiitive,  Hurgi- 
cal  imd  phyniologicnl  aniitomy,  hygiciK',  ntiitc  iiit'ilicinc.  physiology,  mcilioal 
jurisprudence,  chfinistry,  toxicology,  histology,  pathology. 

ltK(ji'iiiK,MK,NTs:  For  lulinission,  "studrntH  desiring  to  attend  the  leetiires  of 
this  college,  must  furnish  (II  satisfactory  certilW-ates  of  ii  good  nionil  churacter; 
(a)  diploma  of  graduathm  from  a  literary  and  scientillc  college  or  high  school,  or 
In  absence  of  this,  (:»)  must  pass  a  satisfactory  examination  in  the  branches  neces- 
sary to  a  good  Kiiglish  education."  --For  graduation:  (1^  good  moral  character; 
(2)  three  years'  study;  (It)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (4)  two  full  cournort  of  dissec- 
tion; (B)  two  full  courses  ot  lectures;  (0)  attendance  during  iit  least  two  terms  of 
olinicaland  hosj.ital  instruction;  (7)  must  pass  a  satisfactory  examination  on  all 
branches,  to  be  conducted,  when  practicable,  by  other  competent  examiners  than 
the  professors  in  each  branch;  (h)  regular  attendance  during  the  entire  lecture 
courses,  allowance  being  madt*  only  for  absence  occasioned  by  the  student's  sick- 
ness, such  absences  not  to  exceed  twenty  per  cent,  of  the  course;  (il)  nttendance 
upon  regular  examination  or  .(uizzes  made  by  each  professor,  daily,  or  at  least 
twice  each  week;  (10)  thesis. 

Fkks:     Matriculation,  ijO;  denionstrator.  fG;  lectures.  $40;  graduation,  $26. 

CoLLEOK  OF  Physicians  anh  Siugeonh. 
Coliuiibns,   (). 
No  dofiiiitc  iiiforiniition  conc-oruiii},'  this  college  hiis  been  received. 


Population,  174,7(58.  Number  of  iihysiciaiw,  Wit.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  >]^)i\. 

E.  P.  FitA/.Kn,  M.l).,  ])cviniui('nt  secretary  of  the  Oregon  State 
Medical  Society,  writes  concerning  the  attempts  to  secure  legislation 
for  the  regulation  of  the  practice  of  medicine— "  Our  bill  passed 
the  senate  by  lui  almost  unanimous  vote,  but  was  defeated  in  the  house 
bv  il  large  vote.  Two  years  ago  it  was  the  reverse,  as  it  i)asHed  the 
house  and  was  defeated  in  the  senate.  We  have  had  ii  bill  of  some 
kind  before  the  legislature  at  every  session  for  the  past  ten  years,  and 
will  continue  to  do  so  until  we  succeed." 

Medical  Department  of  the  Willamette  Univeuhity. 
Portland,  Or.     (Pop.  8,293.) 
Organized  in  1804.  and  located  at  Salem.-  It  was  removed  to  Port- 
land in  1878.— The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1807.     Classes  have 
been  graduated  each  subsequent    yetu-.— The  faculty  embraces  eleven 
professors  and  two  lecturers. 

CoTiBSE  OF  Instbuction:     f>ne  course  of  twenty  weeks'  duriitiou.  iind  a  prelimi- 


ifJ^w'-^Iiwi  r  fMaavFjj*!'"' 


214 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


nury  courwe  of  four  weoks'  duration,  aimually;  daily  class  examinations  by  the 
faculty ;  three  years' graded  course  recommended  but  not  re(iuired. — The  instruc- 
tion consists  of  didactic  lectures  with  demonstrations,  clinical  teaching  and 
practical  toachitig  in  subjects  involving  manipulation.  Women  admitted  on  the 
same  conditions  as  men. —Lectures  embrace  general  and  descriptive  analofny, 
physiology,  chemistry,  materia  riiedica,  dissections,  medical  jurisprudence,  hygiene, 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  practice  of  surgery,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  thera- 
peutics, diseases  of  children,  genito-urinary  diseases,  psychological  medicine. 

Rehuibements:  For  admission;  («)  eighteen  years  of  age;  ((»)  good  moral 
character;  (c)  unless  already  a  matriculate  of  the  university,  or  a  graduate  of  some 
re9i)ectable  college,  academy,  or  high  school,  every  candidate  shall  be  examined  as 
to  his  prc'vious  education  and  his  fitness  for  entering  upon  and  appreciating  the 
technical  study  of  medicine.  -For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age; 
(2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  three  years'  study; 
(5)  one  course  of  practical  anatomy;  (6)  thesis;  (7)  satisfactory  examination  as  to 
professional  attainments. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  Jfr);  demonstrator,  )gl();  lectures,  $120;  graduation.  $30. 

Studenth:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  rejjorted, 
and  i)ercentagos  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

(iraduates. 

Percent. 

1877-  78 

25 

7 

28 

1878  79 

32 

8 

25 

187i>  80 

27 

6 

22+ 

1880  81 

81 

18 

42- 

1881-82 

29 

9 

33.3 

1882  83 

28 

10 

36- 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
thirti/. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  1. 


PENNSYIAANIA. 

Population,  4,282,891.  Number  of  physicians,  7,042. .  Number  of 
inhabitiints  to  each  physician,  608.  Number  of  physicians  registered 
under  the  present  hiw,  6,992. 

During  the  session  of  1880-81,  mainly  through  the  inp^umeutality 
of  Dr.  T.  B.  Rekd,  of  Philadelphia,  an  excellent  bill  was  introduced 
into  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  providing  for  the  creation  of  a  State 
Board  of  Health,  and  the  regulation  of  the  p.  ac^ice  of  medicine 
through  such  board.  Unexpected  hostility  to  the  measure  was  devel- 
oped, resulting  in  its  defeat,  and  the  following  act  was  subsequently 
passed: 

An  Act  to   Provide   for  the   Registration   of   all   Practitioners   ot   Medicine   and 
Surgery. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repreaentatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth'of  Pennsylvania,  in  genera!  assembly  met: 

Seotion  1,  etc.    That  the  prothonotnry  of  each  county  shall  purch.^se  a  book  of 


..g-^.: 


ft-'MltiV^'BiV"''"^-' ""'■■■" 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


215 


cine. 


suitable  size,  to  be  known  ns  the  inediciil  register  of  the  countj-  ^if  such  book 
has  not  been  purchased  aheady),  and  shall  set  spart  one  full  page  for  the  registra- 
tion of  each  practitioner;  and  when  nny  practitioner  shall  depart  this  life,  or 
remove  from  the  county,  he  shall  make  a  note  of  the  same  at  the  bottom  of  the 
page,  and  shal!  perform  such  other  duties  as  ere  reciuired  by  this  act. 

§  2.  Every  person  who  shall  practice  medicine  or  surgery,  or  any  of  the 
branches  of  medicine  or  surgery,  for  gain,  or  fhall  receive  or  accept  for  his  or  her 
services  as  a  practitioner  of  medicine  or  surj;ery,  any  fee  or  reward,  directly  or 
indirectly,  shall  bo  a  graduate  of  a  legally  chartered  medical  college  or  university 
having  authority  to  confer  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine  (except  as  provided 
for  in  section  live  of  this  act);  and  such  persons  shall  i>resfcnt  to  the  prothonotary 
of  the  county  in  which  he  or  she  resides  or  sojourns,  his  or  her  medical  diploma 
as  well  as  a  true  copy  of  the  same,  including  any  endorsen.ents  thereon,  and  shall 
make  affidavit  before  him  that  the  diploma  and  endorsements  are  genuine;  there- 
upon, the  prothonotary  shall  enter  the  following  in  the  register,  to-wit;  the  name 
in  full  of  the  practitioner,  his  or  her  nativity,  his  or  her  place  of  residence,  the 
name  of  the  college  or  university  that  has  conferred  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medi- 
cine, the  year  when  such  degree  was  conferred,  and  in  like  uuinner  any  other 
degree  or  degrees  that  the  i)ractitioner  may  desire  to  place  on  record;  to  all  of 
which  the  practitioner  shall  make  alBdavit  before  the  prothonotary,  and  the  i)ro- 
thonotary  shall  place  the  copy  of  such  diploma,  including  the  endorsements,  on 
file  in  hiss  office  for  inspection  by  the  public. 

§  3.  Any  person  whose  medical  diploma  has  been  destroyed  or  lost,  shall 
present  to  the  prothonotary  of  the  county  in  which  he  or  she  resides  or  sojourns 
a  duly  certitied  copy  of  his  or  her  diploma;  but  if  the  same  is  not  obtainable,  a 
statement  of  this  fact,  together  with  the  names  of  the  professors  whose  lectures 
he  or  she  attended,  and  the  branches  of  study  upon  which  each  professor  lectured, 
to  all  of  which  the  practitioner  shall  make  affidavit  before  the  prothonotary,  after 
which  the  practitioner  shall  be  allowed  to  register  in  n\anner  and  form  as  indicated 
in  section  two  of  this  act,  and  the  prothonotary  shall  place  such  certified  state- 
ment on  file  in  his  office  for  inspection  by  the  public. 

§  4.  Any  person  who  may  desire  to  commence  the  practice  of  medicine  or 
surgery  in  this  State  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  having  a  medical  diploma 
issued  or  purporting  to  have  been  issued  by  any  college,  university,  society  or 
association  in  another  State  t  foreign  country,  shall  lay  the  same  before  the 
faculty  of  one  of  the  medical  colleges  or  universities  of  this  Commonwealth  for 
inspection;  and  the  faculty,  being  satisfied  as  to  the  qualifications  of  the  applicant 
and  the  genuineness  of  the  diploma,  shall  direct  the  dean  of  the  faculty  to 
endorse  the  same,  after  which  such  person  shall  be  allowed  to  register  as  required 
by  section  two  of  this  act. 

§  5.  Any  person  who  has  been  in  the  continuous  practice  of  medicine  or 
surgery  in  this  Commonwealth  since  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-one 
without  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  shall  be  allowed  to  continue  such  prac- 
tice, but  such  person  shall  nevertheless  appear  before  the  prothonotary  of  the 
county  in  which  he  or  she  resides,  and  shall  present  to  him  a  written  statement  of 
these  facts,  to  which  the  practitioner  shall  make  affidavit.  Thereupon,  the  pro- 
thonotary shall  enter  the  following  in  the  register,  to-wit:  the  name  in  full  of  the 
practitioner,  his  or  her  place  of  nativity,  his  or  her  place  of  residence,  the  time  of 
continuous  practice  in  this  Commonwealth,  and  the  place  or  places  where  sucli 
practice  was  pursued,  to  all  of  which  the  practitioner  shall  likewise  make  affidavit. 


-»li'iii»i»rn.ifriji  it'AMuljiXi'iijKi^i¥'ttiil!t.ti»M4.»umtii>i  iimHii»i»i'j<«"iwiJj»»  »r4»i>i'»mj«iiiu»r'liii  >iT;i.ii»ii"i«iif 


21« 


MEDICAL  LA.W8  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


und  the  prothonotnry  slinll  place  the  certified  statement  on  file  in  liis  office  for 
inspection  by  the  pulilie. 

S  6.  Every  practitioner  wlio  shall  be  admitted  to  registration  shall  pay  to  the 
prothonotary  one  dollar,  which  shall  be  compei.sation  iu  full  for  registration,  and 
the  prothonotnry  shall  give  a  receipt  for  the  same. 

§  7.  Any  practitioner  who  shall  present  to  the  faculty  of  an  institution  an 
endorsement,  or  to  a  prothonotary,  a  diploma  which  has  been  obtained  fraudulently* 
or  is  in  whole  or  in  part  a  forgery,  or  shall  make  affidavit  to  any  false  statement 
to  be  filed  or  registered,  or  shall  practice  medicine  or  surgery  without  conforming 
to  the  requirements  of  this  act,  or  shall  otherwise  violate  or  neglect  to  comply 
with  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and  on  conviction  shall  be  punished  for  each  and  every  offense  by  a  fine  of  one 
hundred  dollars,  one-half  to  be  paid  to  the  prosecutor,  and  the  other  half  to  be 
paid  to  the  county,  or  be  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  of  the  proper  county,  for  a 
term  not  exceeding  one  year,  or  both,  or  either,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

§  8.  Nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prevent  any  physician  or 
surgeon  legally  qualified  to  practice  medicine  or  surgery  in  the  State  in  which  he 
or  she  resides,  from  practicing  in  this  Commonwealth ;  but  any  person  or  persons 
opening  an  office,  or  appointing  any  place  where  he  or  she  may  meet  patients  or 
receive  calls,  shall  be  deemed  a  sojourner,  and  shall  conform  to  the  requirements 
of  this  act. 

§  9,  This  act  shall  take  effect  on  the  first  day  of  June,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  eighty-one. 

§  10.  That  all  acts  or  parts  of  acts  heretofore  passed,  and  inconsistent  with 
this  act,  be  aiid  the  same  are  hereby  repealed. 

Dr.  R.  Lowuy  Sibbett,  of  Ciu'lisle,  writes: 

"As  far  as  I  know,  the  law  is  respected.  Judge  Woodward,  of 
Wilkesbarre,  has  recently  said,  '  that  it  is  in  all  respects  a  valid  and 
constitutional  statute.'  The  law  is  weak  in  the  respect  that  it  does  not 
provide  for  a  board  of  medical  examiners,  who  might  also  supervise 
registration.  We  all  agree  that  a  State  board  of  health  is  a  necessity, 
and  that  the  duties  of  the  former  might  be  discharged  by  the  latter. 
Eflforta  have  been  made  to  secure  the  passage  of  a  bill  creating  a  board 
of  health,  but  these  efforts  have  thu.s  far  failed. 

"  We  are  not  without  hope  that  such  an  act  will  be  passed  at  the 
next  meeting  of  our  legislature.  It  will  be  necessary,  however,  to  keep 
the  subject  before  the  profession  and  the  people  in  order  to  be  success- 
ful. In  a  recent  report  read  by  myself  before  our  State  medical  society, 
it  was  suggested  that  four  committees  be  appointed,  consisting  each  of 
two  principals  and  two  alternates,  to  prepare  and  read  brief  papers  on 
the  following  subjects,  viz.:  Medical  education.  Medical  legislation, 
Public  hygiene,  and  Rational  medicine — the  same  to  be  published  in  as 
many  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  as  will  publish  them.  ^\'e  must 
instruct  the  people  before  our  legislators  will  vote  for  efficient  laws  on 
these  subjects. 

"The  condition  of  the  profession  in  Pennsylvania,  as  compared  with 


his  office  for 

nil  pay  to  the 
i»tration,  and 

institution  an 
.  fraudulently* 
ilso  statement 
t  conforming 
ct  to  comply 
niademeanor, 
a  fine  of  one 
ler  half  to  be 
■  county,  for  a 
lie  court. 
'  physician  or 
;e  in  which  he 
on  or  persons 
et  patients  or 
requirements 

lousand  eight 

)nsiatent  with 


aodward,  of 
a  valid  and 
it  does  not 
o  supervise 
a  necessity, 
the  latter, 
ing  a  board 

issed  at  the 
iver,  to  keep 

be  snccess- 
lical  society, 
iing  each  of 
E  papers  on 

legislation, 

lislied  in  as 

We  must 

ent  laws  on 

ipared  with 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


21' 


what  it  was  ten  years  ago,  or  even  five  years  ago,  is  much  more  promising. 
There  is  a  disposition  on  the  part  of  many  good  men,  in  independent 
positions,  to  work  for  higher  attainments.  The  subject  of  preliminary 
education  has  been  kept  before  our  State  society  diu-ing  this  time.  It 
has  been  discussed  with  a  good  deal  of  feeling,  and  with  success, 
notwithstanding  the  fact  that  representative  men  of  our  leading  medical 
schools  have  spoken  against  the  movement. 

"  Opposition  to  higher  preliminary  attainments,  coming  fi-om  those 
who  are  {irofessors  in  our  medical  colleges,  and  an  unwillingness  to 
require  an  examination  before  matriculation,  have  forced  many  of  the 
best  men  in  the  profession  to  the  conclusion  that  the  degree  of  doctor 
of  medicine  can  no  longer  be  taken  as  positive  evidence  of  fitness  to 
practice.  A  State  board  of  health,  with  full  authority  to  conduct 
examinations  and  to  grant  permits  to  practice,  has  become  a  nocoH.sity 
in  Pennsylvania. 

"  The  tendency  on  the  part  of  teachers  of  medical  science  in  our 
country  is  to  make  all  the  improvements  at  the  end  of  the  line  where 
the  most  money  is.  The  matriculate's  money  is  exhausted  A'hen  he 
obtains  his  degree,  and  he  must  go  to  practice.  To  the  few  who  have 
money  left,  a  post-gi-aduate  course  is  offered,  and  findly  there  is  a 
polyclinic  course  ofiered.  Pennsylvania  offers  all  this  to  the  profession, 
and  nothing  more." 

At  the  last  (1883)  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical 
Society,  considerable  time  was  spent  in  the  discussion  of  State  regula- 
tion of  the  practice  of  medicine,  and  the  failure  of  societies  and  present 
laws  to  accomplish  this  object.  Dr.  E.  A.  Wood,  of  Pittsburg,  said, 
"the  present  registration  act  is  a  failure."  Du.  Finley,  of  Ait,oona,  said, 
"ever  since  the  establishment  of  the  American  Medical  Association  and 
this  society  in  1848,  not  a  single  year  had  passed  without  pleas  to  the 
medical  colleges  for  assistance  in  establishing  a  ])reliminary  examination 
for  students,  but  without  the  first  step  of  encom-agement  thus  far." 

A  scheme  for  the  examination  of  students  about  to  engage  in  the 
practice  of  medicine  was  adopted  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  society, 
which,  if  carried  out,  is  calculated  to  do  much  good. 

DepartmjSnt  of  Medu^ine  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (Pop.  847,170.) 
Organized  in  1705,  as  the  Department  of  Medicine  of  the  College  of 
Philadelphia,  the  sixth  in  the  order  of  succession  of  American  colleges, 
being  chartered  chiefly  through  the  influence  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin 
and  Dr.  William  Smith.  The  first  medical  dij.loma  issued  in  America 
was  granted  to  Dr.  John  Archer  in  1708,  by  this  department,  then 


218 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


known  aa  the  Collefre  of  Medicine  in  Philadelphia.  In  1782  the  college 
asHumod  its  present  title  and  relations,  on  the  organization  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  the  successor  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia. 
Classes  have  been  graduated  each  year  since  1708.— The  facilty 
embraces  eleven  professors,  twenty-seven  demonstrators  and  assistant 
demonstraiors,  and  four  lecturers. 

CoUBHE  OF  Instuuotion:  a  preliminary  course  of  three  weeks'  duriUiou,  it 
regular  course  of  twenty-six  weeks'  duration,  and  a  spring  course  of  seven  weeks' 
duration,  nnnunlly.  Three  post-graduate  courses,  each  of  eight  weeks'  duratioi 
are  hold  during  the  year.-  Course  graded,  extending  over  three  years.  Four  years' 
graded  course  recommended,  but  not  required.  Examinntions  at  the  end  of  each 
year.— Lectures  embrace  anatomy,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  women  and  children, 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  clinical  gynecology, 
pathology,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  pharmacy,  chemistry,  physiology,  lus- 
tology,  ophthalmology,  otology,  dermatology,  mental  and  nervous  diseases,  laryng- 
ology, physical  diagnosis,  orthopedic  surgery,  and  venereal  diseases. 

Reijuibements:   For  itdmission:  {a)  collegiate  degree;  or  (b)  certificate  of  having 
passed  the  raatriculationexamination  of  a  recognized  college ;  or  (c)  certificate,  cover- 
ing the  required  subjects,  from  a  recognized  normal  or  high  school,  or  from  a  duly 
or-an'  ed  county  medical  society  having  instituted  a  preliminary  examination;  or 
(ti)  preliminary  examination,  embracing,  first,  a  brief  essay,  not  exceeding  a  page 
of  foolscap,  which  will  serve  as  a  test  of  (lualiflcations  in  orthography  and  gram- 
mar;  second,   an   examination  in   the   elementary    principles  of  physios,  on   the 
subjects   considered   in    Part    I   of    Fownes'     Chemistv,/.- -For   graduation:      (1) 
twenty-one  years  of  age;  (3)  good  moral  character;  (3)    three  years'   study;  (4) 
three  full  courses  of  lectures;  (5)  pass  required  examinations;  (6)  thesis.    Students 
who  have  attended  one  course  in  a   regular   dental    school    will  be  admitted  as 
students  of  the  second  course  in  the   University  of    Pennsylvania,  after  having 
passed  a  satisfactory  examination  in  general  chemistry  and  materia  medica  and 
pharmacy      Students  who  have  attended  two  courser   in  a  regular  medical  school 
will  be  admitted  as  students  of  the  third  course  in  this  institution,  after  having 
satisfactorily  passed  an  examination  in  general   and  medical  chemistry,  materia 
medica  and   pharmacy,   anatomy  and    physiology.      Graduates  of  other  regular 
medical  schools  in  good  standing  will  be  admitted  as  students  of  the  third  class 
without  examination.  Graduates  of  colleges  of  pharmacy  and  f'  .ital  colleges  in 
good  standing  are  admitted  to  the  second  course  without  an  examination. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  $5;  graduation,  $50;  lectures,  including  laboratory  and 

dissection,  $150. 

Students  :     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 

and  percentages  ol  graduates  to  matriculates- 


Session. 
1877-78 
1878-79 
1879-80 
1880-81 
1881-82 
1882-83 


Matriculates. 

375 

S^ 

87? 

m 

868 
867 


Graduates. 
127 
91 
116 
115 
122 
104 


Percent. 


80 

88.8 

28.6 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years,  thirhj. 
Number  of  Illinois  students  during  the  last  session,  6. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  73. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


219 


tho  collo<»e 
ion  of  the 
hiladolphia. 
Che  facilty 
id  assiHtant 

i'  duvntiou,  it 
peven  weeks' 
eka'  durntioi 

Four  years' 
3  end  of  each 
nnd  children, 
1  gynecology, 
ysiology,  liis- 
eases,  laryng- 

cate  of  having 
tiflcate,  cover- 
)r  from  a  duly 
:ainin(itiou;  or 
Beding  a  page 
)hy  and  grant- 
lysics,  on  the 
.duatiou:  (1) 
irs'  study;  (4) 
esis.  Students 
e  admitted  as 
,  after  having 
ia  medica  and 
medical  school 
11,  after  having 
listry,  materia 
other  regular 
the  third  class 
tal  colleges  in 
lation. 
laboratory  and 

!B8ion  reported. 

Percent. 
33.8 
26.5 
30 
30 
33.3 
28.6 
lix  years,  thirty. 


Remahks:  During  the  first  and  second  years,  much  of  the  student's 
time  is  occupied  with  practical  work  in  the  various  hiboratories  of 
chemistry,  pharmacy,  o8teolof,'y,  histology  and  pathological  histoh^gy, 
and  in  dissection;  but  throughout  the  second  and  third  sessions  he  ia 
required  to  attend  the  general  medical  and  surgical  clinics  at  the 
university  and  Philadelphia  hospitals,  while  special  clinical  facilities 
are  provided  for  the  third  year.  In  this  year,  each  student  receives 
bedside  instruction  in  clinical  medicine  and  surgery,  in  physicial  diag- 
nosis,  and  in  gynecology.  Opportunities  are  afforded  for  the  practitml 
study  of  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear,  thi-oat  and  skin,  and  for  acquiring 
proficiency  in  the  use  of  the  various  instruments  employed  in  their 
treatment.  For  this  purpose  the  third-year  class  is  divided  into  sections 
of  convenient  size,  each  of  which  receives  direct  personal  instruction 
in  the  various  practical  subjects  above  mentioned.  No  honorary  degrees 
conferred. 

Jefferson  Medical  College. 

Philadelphia,  Pu. 

Organized  in  1826  as  the  Medical  Department  of  Jefferson  College 
at  Canonsburg,  Pa.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1827.  Classes 
have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year.  —  Tho  faculty  embraces 
eight  professors,  two  hon(n-ary  professors,  and  eight  demonstj-ators. 

CouBHE  OF  Instbuction:  a  preliminary  course  of  three  weeks'  duration,  a 
regular  course  of  twenty-six  weeks'  duration,  auc'  a  spring  course  of  eight  weeks' 
duration.  Attendance  upon  the  spring  course  of  lectures  continues  to  be  Inige, 
and  the  faculty  recommend  all  who  have  it  in  their  power,  to  use  the  facilities  thus 
oflfered.  Daily  clinics  at  hospitals  and  dispensary.— Lectures  embrace  obstetrics 
and  diseases  of  women  and  children,  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine, 
general,  descriptive  and  surgical  anatomy,  medical  chemistry,  toxicology,  materia 
medica,  general  therapeutics,  institutes  of  medicine,  medical  jurisprudence,  prin- 
ciples of  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  practice  of  surgery,  histology,  pathology, 
pharmacy,  ophthalmology,  otology,  gynecology,  laryngology,  electro-therai)eutics, 
microscopy,  dermatology,  genito-urinary  diseases,  physical  diagnosis,  practical 
and  laboratory  instruction  in  obstetrics,  medicine,  chemistry,  materia  medica  and 
therapeutics,  physiology,  histology,  operative  and  minor  surgery,  bandaging, 
pathological  anatomy  and  anatomy. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  none.— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of 
age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  three  years' 
Study;  (5)  thesis.  Students  of  dental  colleges,  where  a  five  months'  winter  session 
is  held,  and  where  full  courses  are  given  on  anatomy,  materia  medica,  physiology 
and  chemistry,  may  become  candidates,  after  attendance  on  two  courses  at  such 
colleges,  and  one  full  course  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  with  another  on 
surgery,  pract-'oe  of  medicine,  and  obstetrics.  Students  of  colleges  qf  pharmacy, 
where  full  courses  are  given  on  materia  medica  and  chemistry,  may  become  candi- 


■"T."  "•■."•■•■!'  ■ 


220 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


dates  after  attendance  on  two  courses  at  snch  colleges  ani'  one  full  course  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  with  another  on  anatomy,  surgery,  pvrtctioe  of  u-odioine, 
physiology  and  obstetrioB. 

Fkeb:  Matriculation  (paid  but  once),  $5;  lectures,  |140;  demonstrator  (of 
anatomy),  $10;  all  other  practical  courses  free;  graduation,  $30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent 

1877-78 

598 

203 

33.9 

1878  79 

572 

196 

34.2 

1879  80 

572 

196 

,34.2 

1880  81 

609 

205 

33.6 

1881  82 

630 

247 

39.2 

1882-83 

569 

227 

39.8 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  for  six  years,  thirty-five. 
Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  14. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  188. 

Remarks:     Post-graduate  instruction  is   given    by  live  courses  of 
seven  weeks  each. 


Hahnemann  Medical  College — {Hotmvopathic). 
Philadel})hia,  Pa. 

Organized  in  1848.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1849.  Classes 
have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  ten 
professors,  three  lecturers  and  five  demonstrators. 

CouBSE  OF  Inhtbuotion:  One  regular  course  of  lectures  of  twenty-six  weeks' 
duration  and  a  spring  course,  annually.  Three  years'  graded  course  recommended, 
but  not  required.  Clinics  at  hospital  and  dispensary.  "Recitations,  quizzes, 
demonstrations,  experiments  and  other  practical  exercises  will  be  called  into 
requisition  as  aids  in  the  work  of  imparting  instruction." — Lectures  embrace 
anatomy,  physics,  chemistry,  toxicology,  obstetrics,  physiology,  sanitary  science, 
pathology,  practice  of  medicine,  operative  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  principles 
of  surgery,  clinical  medicine,  surgical  anatomy,  physical  diagnosis,  micro- 
scopy, histology,  ophthalmology,  otology,  botany,  pharmacy,  insanity,  medical 
jurispruc'ence. 

Requibements:  For  admission:  certificate  signed  by  preceptor  as  evidence  of 
qualifications  for  the  study  of  medicine. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of 
lectures;  (5)  at  least  one  course  of  practical  anatomy  and  surgery;  (6)  thesis.  A 
student  who  has  attended  one  or  more  courses  in  a  medical  college  in  which 
homcBopathy  is  not  taught,  must  attend  one  full  session  of  instruction  in  this 
institution,  and  in  addition  to  the  general  average  required  for  graduation,  he 
must  obtain  a  two-thirds  average  in  the  following  departments:  Homoeopathic 
institutes  and  materia  medica,  practice  of  medicine  and  clinical  medicine. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


221 


course  at  th« 
I  of  i^-'odioine, 

loustrator  (of 

gion  reported, 

'ercent. 

33.9 
34.2 
34.2 
33.6 
39.2 
39.8 
'hirty-flve. 


e  courses 


of 


849.    Classes 
erabracea  ten 

euty-six  weeks' 
recommended, 
.tiona,  quizzes, 
be  called  into 
tures  embrace 
initnry  science, 
ery,  principles 
gnosis,  micro- 
anity,   medical 

as  evidence  of 
>nty-one  years 
full  courses  of 
(6)  thesis.  A 
llcge  in  which 
•uction  in  this 
Taduation,  he 
Homoeopathic 
dicine. 


Fees:  Matrionlation.  f6;  lectures,  l|100;  practical  surgery,  $10;  demonstrator, 
$10;   practical  obstetrics  and  chemistry  (optional),  f  10  each;  graduation,  $30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  sesBion  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Graduates. 

Percent 

1877-78 

161 

M 

32.1 

1878-79 

162 

61 

37.6 

1879-80 

192 

70 

39 

1880-81 

208 

88 

39.9 

1881-82 

148 

87 

38.5 

1882-83 

147 

83 

35.4 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six' yean, 
thirty-seven. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  8. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  29. 

Eemarks:  Sixty  per  cent,  of  the  graduates  (session  of  1882-83)  had 
pursued  the  three  years'  graded  course. 

Woman's  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Organized  in  1850.  The  iirst  class  was  graduated  in  1851.  Classes 
have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year. — The  faculty  embraces  ten 
professors,  five  lecturers,  three  demonstrators  and  three  instructors. 

Course  of  Instbuction:  A  regular  course  of  twenty -three  weeks'  duration, 
and  a  spring  course  of  ten  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Three  and  four  years' 
graded  course  recommended  but  not  required.  Weekly  examinations  given  by 
regularly  appointed  instructors  throughout  the  winter  course. — Lectures  embrace 
chemistry  and  toxicology,  anatomy,  clinical  anatomy,  physiology,  hygiene,  medical 
jurisprudence,  materia  medica  and  general  therapeutics,  principles  and  practice  of 
medicine,  principles  and  practice  of  surgery,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  diseases  of 
children,  laryngology,  rhinoscopy,  histology,  microscopy,  pathology,  pharmacy, 
dental  physiology  and  pathology,  nervous  diseases.  Practical  work  in  laboratories 
noted  in  the  requirements  for  graduation. 

Requibements :  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  three  years'  study;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  two  courses  of 
practical  anatomy,  having  made  at  least  one  creditable  dissection  of  each  of  the 
usual  divisions  of  the  cadaver;  (5)  one  course  in  the  chemical  and  one  in  the 
pharmaceutical  laboratory;  (6)  one  course  of  lectures  on  pathology,  and  (7)  one 
on  histology,  including  the  practical  work  of  the  spring  in  the  use  of  the  micro- 
scope; (8)  satisfactory  evidence  of  having  attended  at  least  two  courses  of  clinical 
lectures  in  the  department  of  general  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics  and  gynecology; 
(9)  thesis;  (10)  mental  and  moral  fitness  for  the  profesaioij. 

Fees:  Matriculation  (paid  but  once),  $5;  lectures,  $106;  demonstrator,  $10; 
graduation,  $30;  clinical  laboratory,  $10;  pathological  laboratory,  $10;  pharma- 
centical  laboratory,  $5;  physiological  laboratory,  $5. 


222 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


STunENTrt:    Number  of  nmtriculHtes  nml  of  Kniduates  lit  each  session  reported, 
and  percentiiKt'x  uf  graduatos  to  niatriculntos  — 

SeHsion.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1877  78  180  17  13+ 

1878  79  144  90  13-8 
187i)-80           146         ,     18  8'» 

1880  81  170  20  11.7 

1881  82  111  19  "+ 
1882-8.3                           125             '                      35  28 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 

fifteen. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  2. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  12. 

Pennsylvania  Medical  College. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Organized  in  18—.     Extinct. 

Number  of  graduates  in  lUinois,  1 2.  • 

Philadelphia  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Organized  in  1846.     Extinct  since  1800. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  9. 

Franklin  Medical  College. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Organized  in  1847.     Existed  to  1852.     Extinct. 

•    Medical  Department  of  Lincoln  University. 
Oxford,  Pa. 
Organized  in    1870.     Extinct. 

Eclectic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Organized  in  18—.     Extinct.     After  being  in  operation  a  few  years, 
this  institution  passed  into  the  hands  of  Buchanan  and  his  colleagues, 
and  became  fraudulent. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  13. 

Philadelphia  University  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 
,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fraudulent.     Extinct. 


iBion  reported, 

Percent. 

13+ 

13.8 
8.9 

11.7 

17+ 

28 
jast  six  years, 


SY. 


a  a  few  years, 
iis  colleagues, 


lEBT. 


PENNHYLVANIA.  223 

Ameuican  University  of  Phii.aivklphia, 
Philadolpliiii,  Pa. 
Fraudulent.     Extinct. 

HoMCEOfATHIC!    MeDICAL    CoLLEUK. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
OrfTjinizt'd  in  IS — .     E.\tinct. 
Number  of  {graduates  in  Illinois,  20.     . 

Penn    University. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Fraudulent.     Extinct. 

Medico-Chirurgk'al  College   of   Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Organized  in  1881.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1882.— The 
faculty  embraces  seven  professors,  five  clinical  professors,  four  assistant 
professors,  two  demonstrators  and  one  instructor. 

Course  OF  Instbuotion:  A  proliminnry  term  of  four  weeks'  duration,  iind  ii 
regular  term  of  six  months'  duriition,  annually.  Daily  quizzes  by  the  professors. 
Three  years'  graded  course  requii  1. — Lectures  embrace:  Freshman  year,  phar- 
macy, dentistry,  minor  surgery,  including  bandaging,  histology,  elementary 
anatomy,  physiology,  materia  medicn,  botany,  elementary  chemistry,  with  labora- 
tory instruction  in  practical  pharmacy,  chemical  manipulation,  practical  histology, 
and  also  dissections.  Junior  year,  general  and  visceral  anatomy,  physiology, 
general  cliemistry,  therapeutics,  practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  gyne- 
colof?y>  pathology,  with  laboratory  instruction  in  analytical  chemistry  and  ])atho- 
logical  histology,  also  dissections,  and  the  several  clinics  of  the  college.  Senior 
year,  regional  anatomy,  pathology,  physiological  chemistry,  sanitary  science, 
therapeutics,  practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  gynecology,  diseases  of  the 
throat  and  upper  air  passages,  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  mental  diseases,  insanity, 
physical  diagnosis,  diseases  of  the  skin,  diseases  of  children,  operative  surgery, 
together  with  laboratory  instruction  in  medical  chemistry  and  pathological 
histology,  surgical  operations  upon  the  cadaver,  and  the  regular  clinics  of  the 
college.  During  the  spring  or  auxiliary  literary  term,  instruction  will  be  given 
in  natural  philosophy,  botany,  physical  geography,  mental  philosophy,  principles 
of  English  composition,  elements  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages,  hygiene, 
comparative  anatomy  and  zoology,  medical  jurisprudence,  toxicology,  miner- 
alogy and  geology.  Practical  instruction  in  pathological  histology,  physical 
diagnosis,  surgery,  obstetrics  and  gynecology,  pharmacy,  chemistry,  and  electro- 
therapeutics. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  ^a)  certiiicate  of  having  graduated  at  a  high 
school,  or  of  having  attended  a  classical  seminary  or  college  for  one  year,  or  of 
having  passed  a  preliminary  examination  of  a  duly  organized  county   medical 


■-■**iMiniii»ii  riiWiiMititfii'iii  Mifc'iiiaotiT  tfiBiaii^;,fa>f>»iMfi 


.^iiijii'  ■  111    i4iil'» 


.  Vai  j*V  j'  ff.  a !,  i/UH^'tnOkifiM'^'i . 


224 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Booiety;  or  {!,)  attendance  on  the  auxiliary  literary  term,  the  rttudies  of  whioh  are: 
elements  of  f:nKliHh  literature,  of  Latin,  of  (Jreek,  and  natural  Rcienoe.-For  grad- 
nution:  (I)  twenty-one  yearn  of  a^e;  (2)  K"'h1  '""•"1  i'l"»r"cter;  (3)  three  years' 
study  (4)  three  rej;ular  winter  HCHHionH;  (5)  one  full  term  of  physical  and  prac- 
tical instruction  in  subjects  in  which  instruction  is  given  (mentioned  above);  (6) 
"  passage  of  the  different  examinations." 

Fees:     Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  *UOi  demonstrator,  $10;  graduation,  |30. 

Stuuentb:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent, 

1881-82  81  .  3  '•>•« 

188'2-83  27  -10  37 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  two  years  of  the 
existence  of  this  college,  twenty-two. 

Dr.  Oliver  tiddn  that  of  tbe  27  matriculates  at  the  last  session,  14 
wore  third-course,  9  were  second-course,  and  4  were  first-course 
studen'ji. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

Population,  270,531.  Number  of  physicians,  390.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  098. 

Section  12  of  chapter  85,  Public  Statutes  of  Rhode  Island,  1882, 
having  reference  to  the  registration  of  births,  deaths  and  marriages, 
provides  that  every  clergyman,  physician,  coroner,  undertaker,  or  clerk 
of  any  meeting  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  shall  cause  his  name  and 
residence  to  be  recorded  in  the  town  clerk's  office  of  the  town  where  he 
resides.  By  another  section  of  the  same  chapter,  he  is  reqmred  to 
report,  without  compensation,  all  still-births,  contagious  diseases,  and 
results  of  vaccination. 

The  physician  is  exempt  from  jury  and  military  duty. 

Medical  Department  of  Brown  University. 
Providence,  R.  I. 
Organized  in  1811,  and  continued  until  1827.  First  class  was  grad- 
uated in  1814.  "  In  1820  and  1821  it  is  believed  no  full  courses  were 
given,  and  the  department  fell  under  President  Wayland's  strict  rules 
of  discipline  enforced  on  the  medical  professors."  (0.  W.  Parsons, 
M.D.,  Providence.)  According  to  another  correspondent,  "Dr.  Way- 
land's  new  rules  threw  the  medical  scliool  overboard  in  1827."  (Geo. 
D.  Hersey,  M.D.,  secretary  and  librarian  Rhode  Island  Medical 
Society.) 


I'ljlir't. . I  '-1*^'  '^^  '•'  -^  "•'.' '"^■-  ^'■'•'' '■^'•^•-'•t*' ' '  *■"  ■  ■' ' 


SOUTH   CAKOLINA. 


•225 


it  which  are: 
I.— For  ^rnd- 
thrpo  yunrR* 
111  and  prac- 
3cliibov())i(6) 

kdnntioQ,  l|30. 
sion  reported, 

'ercent, 
9.6 
37 
'o  years  of  the 

t  sossion,   14 
first-coiirse 


Number  of 

[Bland,  1882, 
d  marriages, 
iker,  or  clerk 
lis  name  and 
)wn  where  he 
required  to 
diseases,  and 


lass  was  grad- 
oourses  wore 

I's  strict  rules 

W.  Parsons, 

"Dr.  ^Vay- 

11827."     (Geo. 

and    Medical 


SOITH  CAKOLINA. 

Population,  OStn.r)??.  NumluT  of  physiciann,  9H>.  Number  of 
iuliabitaiits  to  each  pliysiciaii,  1,(KS4. 

An  Act  to  Rej^ulHte  the  LiceuHiiif^  of  I'hyHiciiknH  and  Sur^Doim. 

HmiTioN  1.  U«  it  I'liiu'tt'd  by  tho  Hoiiute  and  Houne  of  Hcpn'Mcntativcrt  of  tht) 
8tute  of  Suutli  Carolina,  now  uiut  and  ctittiu^'  in  UeuiTal  AMricniMy,  and  hy  the 
authority  of  thd  name:  A  person  Hhall  not  practice  phyHic  or  Hur^fry  for  coinpeu- 
xation  within  the  Htate  iinlexK  he  in  twenty-one  years  of  a^e,  and  cither  has  been 
heretofore  authorised  so  to  do,  pursuant  to  the  laws  in  force  at  the  time  of  hifi 
authorization,  or  is  hereafter  authorized  to  do  so  by  subHe<{uent  sections  of  this  act. 

§  2.  From  and  after  the  first  day  of  June,  1882,  every  person  now  duly 
authorized  to  practice  physic  and  surgery  within  this  State,  and  ovory  perbon  here- 
after duly  authorized  to  practice  physio  and  surgery,  slinll,  before  commencing  to 
practice,  register  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  court  of  the  county  where  he  Ih 
practicing  or  intends  to  commence  the  practice  of  physio  and  surgery,  in  a  book  to 
be  kept  by  said  clerk,  his  name,  residence  and  place  of  birth,  together  with  his 
authority  for  so  practicing  physic  and  surgery,  as  prescribed  in  this  act.  The 
person  so  registering  shall  subscribe,  and  verily  by  oath  or  affirmation,  before  a 
person  duly  qualified  to  administer  oaths  under  the  laws  of  the  Htate,  an  allklavit 
containing  such  facts,  and  whether  such  authority  is  by  diploma  or  license,  and  the 
date  of  the  same  and  by  whom  granted,  which,  if  willfully  false,  shall  subject  the 
afifiant  to  conviction  and  punishment  for  perjury.  The  said  clerk  of  the  court  to 
receive  a  fee  of  tweuty-flvo  (25)  cents  for  such  registration,  to  be  paid  by  the 
person  so  registering:  Provided,  that  any  registrations  made  iu  conformity  to  the 
provisions  of  the  act  herein  amended,  are  hereby  confirmed  and  made  valid,  f  This 
section,  an  amendment  to  the  original  act,  was  approved  July  6,  1882.] 

§  3.  A  person  who  violates  either  of  the  two  preceding  sections  of  this  act,  or 
who  shall  practice  physic  or  surgery  under  cover  of  a  diploma  illegally  obtained,  is 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  punishable  by  fine  not  less  than  (ifSO)  fifty  dollars  nor 
more  than  ($200)  two  hundred  dollars  for  the  first  offense,  and  each  subsequent 
offense  by  a  fine  not  less  than  ($100)  one  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  for 
not  less  than  (30)  thirty  days  nor  more  than  (90)  ninety  days,  or  both.  The  fine, 
when  collected,  shall  be  paid,  the  one-half  to  the  person  or  corporation  making  the 
c-ompiaint,  the  other  half  into  the  county  treasury. 

§  4.  A  person  coming  to  the  State  may  be  licensed  to  practice  physic  or 
surgery,  or  either,  within  the  State  in  the  following  manner:  If  he  has  a  diploma 
conferring  upon  him  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  issued  by  an  incorporated 
university,  medical  college  or  medical  school  without  the  State,  he  shall  exhibit  the 
same  to  the  faculty  of  some  incorporated  medical  college,  or  the  medical  board  of 
the  State,  with  satisfactory  evidenca  of  his  good  moral  character,  and  such  other 
evidence,  if  any,  of  his  qualifications  as  a  physician  and  surgeon  as  said  medical 
college  or  medical  board  may  require.  If  his  diploma  and  qualifications  are 
approved  by  them,  then  they  shall  endorse  said  dipljma,  which  shall  make  it,  for 
the  purpose  of  his  license  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  within  this  State,  the 
same  as  if  issued  by  them.  The  endorsed  diploma  shall  authorize  him  to  practice 
physic  and  surgery  within  the  State,  upon  his  complying  with  the  provisions  of 
section  two  (2)  of  this  act. 

§  5.     The  medical  board  referred  to  in  the  previous  section  shall  be  compof^'d 
of  the  physicians  and  surgeons  constituting  the  local  boards  of  health  in  various 
IS 


F^y^- 


'm\ 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITLTIONH. 


ooUMtiPH  of  till)  8tiitc<  -thu  locul  Imiird  of  lipiilth  for  PHoh  county  h(ivin«  jtirindlo- 
tion  ovur  nil  iimttura  coiitriiry  to  tliin  not,  oeciirriii>{  within  itH  lioiiltrn. 

g  6.  The  iU<Krue  of  doctor  of  medicine  liiwfully  confurrtnl  by  nny  nuidical 
oolli't^d  or  luiivcrHity  in  thin  Htiito  nlmll  li«  u  lici'n«o  to  practiced  pliynic  nnd  Hiirnnry 
within  (hi-  Stiiti',  after  tho  pt'rnon  to  whom  it  in  j{ranti'd  Mhall  havti  coinijlittl  with 
•ection  two  (*i)  of  thin  act. 

t^  7.  Nothint^  in  thin  act  hIuiU  apply  to  coniniiHHioni'd  nieilicul  olUccfH  of  tho 
Unitml  StatcH  army  or  navy,  or  tho  United  Htaton  inarine-iuwi>ital  nervico. 

t^  8.     All  aetH  or  [lartw  of  actn  inconsi»tcnt  with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Approved  Ueo.  17,  1881. 

Skction  O'.'O  of  the  General  Btatuten  provides  as  followM  :  In  no  cnne  wherein 
the  proviKions  of  this  clmpter  mIiiiU  have  been  violated  hIuiU  any  perHon  ho  violatin)? 
receive  a  compent<ation  for  Herviees  rendered  :  I'mvided.  that  nothing;  heicin 
contained  tihall  in  any  way  be  construed  to  apply  to  any  person  practicing 
dentistry,  or  to  females  practicing  midwifery. 

Medu!AL  College  of  South  Carolina. 
Clmrlnston,  S.   C. 

Organizod  in  1824;  charter  obtained  in  IS'i!}.  PorinnMoiitly  closed 
in  183U.     During  its  cxiHtoiice  its  j^raduatos  aiuDunlcd  to  iUiJ. 

Dr.  J.  FoiiD  PitioLEAU,  dean  of  tho  Medical  Collo^fe  of  tho  State  of 
South  Carolina,  writes; — "The  Medical  College  of  Sonth  Carolina  was 
organized  nnder  the  anspices  and  control  of  tiie  Medical  Society  of 
South  Carolina,  which  elected  the  professors  and  examined  the  candi- 
diitos  for  graduation  of  the  college.  In  filling  two  vacancies  the 
society  gave  offense  to  the  other  members  of  the  faculty,  which  was 
increased  by  a  diflerenco  of  opinion  relative  to  tho  status  of  some  of 
the  applicants  for  graduation;  and  in  1833  the  faculty  resigned  in  a 
body,  and  established  another  school,  under  the  title  of  the  '  Medical 
College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina' — having  obtained  a  charter  in 
1832,  and  giving  its  first  course  in  1834. 

"  The  medical  society  elected  the  members  of  the  faculties  of  both 
colleges,  which  continued  in  activity  in  the  city  of  Charleston  until 
1839,  when,  having  gradually  declined  in  number  of  students,  the 
Medical  Corec;e  of  South  Carolina  compromised  with  the  Medical 
College  of  .te  of  South  Carolina,  and  permanently  closed  ita 

doors."  .   -  . 

^flicAL  College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina.  . 
Charleston,  S.  C.     (Pop.  49,984.) 

Organized  in  1833.  In  1839  the  Medical  College  of  South  Caro- 
hna  was  merged  into  it,  the  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South 
Carohna  receiving  all  the  apparatus,  buildings  and  other  property  of 


ivii  ■^feiiiiH.^iiilfcifcjitp'fe^iU 


lUi  Liii'r  Til  i  III  'iiwfi  n^  f'  ■•  rVV  -V/i  Kif  ^^'  •  -^  ^ '        "    ^  "" '    "'"'"'"  ^'     ■  "  '^' '  ^  '  ■ 


HOIITII    ("AllOMNA-  TKNNKHHKK. 


2'J7 


iriK  jiirindio- 

nny  medical 

and  HurKi'ry 
iiiiplii'd  with 

fHoom  of  the 

ice. 

y  repealed. 

cnfie  wliereln 

1  HO  violatin)^ 
t'liiiji^  hoicin 
n  priu'ticint; 


"iitly  closed 

;j. 

ho  State  of 
irolina  was 
Society  of 
I  the  cnudi- 
:jancioH  the 
which  was 
of  Horao  of 
signed  in  a 
le  '  Medical 
I  charter  in 

ties  of  both 
leston  until 
udents,  the 
he  Medical 
Y  closed  its 


NA.  . 

I 

South  Caro- 
e  of  South 
property  of 


tho  fonii.T.  [  I'liioi.KAii,  See  Medical  College  of  South  (Jarolina.  | 
Classes  were  gradiiate.l  nimunlly  uiiti'l  1S({2,  when  operatioriH  were 
HUHpc.ndeii  during  the  war.  and  until  1872.  when  they  were  resumed. 
€laHS(»H  have  Iwni  graduate,!  annually  Hince  IHIH.  --  The  faculty 
embraces  six  professorH,  twf>  aHsistant  professorH,  two  instructorH  and 
two  demonstrators. 

OouiiHK  OF  iNHTUircTioN;  One  ri>«iiliir  coiUHi.  of  twoiity  woekn'  duration  annu- 
ally.  Clinii-»  .it  liortpitul.  <irad.<d  ooiir  •  of  thn-  toriiiH  rc'coininriiil,.,!,  l,„t  not 
r<'<|uiml.  r,wtiir..«  ..rnl.raiv  piincipl...  and  piactic,.  of  HiirgiTy,  (rlinioalHiii-Kory, 
pathoioKy.  praclici.  of  nn..rciM..,<-1inio»l  nu-dicinf,  piiyHioloKy.chen.iHtry,  aimtoniy! 
ophthalmology,  otology,  ohstetrici.  ffyneooloj^y,  materia  modica.  th..rap..u(i<-«, 
microsco|.y,  pathology,  lahoratory  in»triiction  (compulH.iry  ,m  (Irst-fouFH..  studfi.tH)! 

KKCiimiK.MKNTM:  For  admission,  none.  For  Kraduat ion:  (1)  twenty-one  yearH 
«>f  age;  (2^  preliminary  ednration  satisfaetory  to  tho  faenlty;  (;j)  throe  years'  ntudy; 
<4)  two  fidl  eournes  of  lectiireH;  (r.)  examination  in  all  the  hranehoH.  Att.^idance 
upon  lecture(4,  habits  and  general  charaeter  must  be  Hatisfactory  to  the  faculty. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  |r>;  lal>orat()ry,  ffi;  lectures,  iuoluding  demonstrators 
and  one  hospital  ticket,  !»7r,;  graduation,  !f;;)(). 

Students:  NHml)er  of  matriculates  and  of  grnduntes  nt  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

Gradaates. 

Percent. 

1877-78 

60 

17 

28,3 

1878-79 

71 

20 

28 

187!) -80 

74 

23 

2'J.7 

1880  81 

77 

21 

27 

1881-82 

56 

19 

33.9 

1882-83 

61 

18 

29.5 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  six  years, 
twenty-nine. 

Remarks:  Pharmacy  students  are  also  included  in  the  number  of 
matriculates  here  given— thus  .nffocting  the  proportion  of  grtiduates  to 
matriculateH. 

Medioal  Department  of  the  University  of  South  Carolina. 
Columbia,  S.  C. 
Organized  in  1800.— Extinct. 


TKNNKSSEK. 

Population,  1,542,359.  Number  of  physicians,  2,088.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  phy.sician,  574. 

C.  C.  FiTE,  M.D.,  secretary  of  the  Tennessee  State  Board  of  Health, 
writes:  "We  have  no  laws  bearing  upon  the  practice  of  medicine.  In 
this  State  the  practice  of  medicine  is  fi-ee  to  all.  Indians,  negroes, 
confidence  men  and  all  that  ilk  ply  their  'trade'  with  no  restrictions 


228 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


whatever.  Any  man  who  claims  to  be  a  doctor  is  one;  hence  druggists 
who  do  not  know  enough  to  niake  a  living,  turn  out  as  doctors  in  full 
practice  before  you  know  it.  A  farmer  boy  too  lazy  to  plow  reads  an 
old  work  on  practice,  or  '  Every  Man  his  own  Doctor,'  invests  $6  in 
drags  and  is  a  physician,  and  being  a  'regular^  we  all  consult  with  him. 
Our  legislators  will  not  touch,  and  our  doctors  are  too  timid  to  press, 
the  subject;  and  so  we  languish  in  the  old  paths." 


Medical  Depabtment  of  the  University  of  Nashville  and  Vanderbilt 

University. 

Nashville,  Tenn.     (Pop.  43,350.) 

Organized  in  1850  as  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
Nashville,  and  ar  -med  its  present  relation  in  1874.  The  first  class 
was  graduated  uy  the  University  of  Nashville  in  1852;  and  the  first 
diploma  was  issued  by  the  Vanderbilt  University  in  1875.  Classes  have 
been  graduated  annually  by  the  respective  universities  since  these  dates. — 
The  faculty  embraces  ten  professors,  five  lecturers  and  a  demonstrator. 

OouBSE  OP  Instbuction:  a  preliminary  session  of  four  weeks'  duration  and  a 
regular  session  of  twenty-one  weeks'  duration  are  delivered  annually.  Daily 
examinations  are  held  by  professors.  Clinics  at  hospital. — Lectures  embrace 
anatomy,  physiology,  surgery,  surgical  anatomy,  microscopy,  materia  medica, 
therapeutics,  chemistry,  obstetrics,  theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  rcedi- 
oine,  state  medicine,  diseases  of  women,  diseases  of  children,  diseases  of  the  ear 
and  eye,  histology,  pathology,  physical  diagnosis,  medical  jurisprudence,  hygiene, 
operative  surgery. 

Requibements:  For  admission,  none. — For  gradr.ation,  (1)  twenty-oae  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  three  years'  study;  (4)  two  full  courses  of 
lectures;  (5)  dissection  during  one  session.  "The  candidate  is  elected  by  ballot, 
and  upon  receiving  three  negative  votes,  will  be  rejected;  but  will  be  entitled  to 
another  examination  by  appearing  before  a  full  faculty,  after  all  other  applicants 
have  been  examined.  No  premature  examination  will  be  granted  except  by  consent 
of  the  entire  faculty." 

Ff.«8:    Matriculation,  $6;  demonstrator,  $10;  lectures,  |75;  graduation  $100. 

Students  :     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 
Session.  Matriculates. 

1879-80  311 

1881-82  827 

1882  83  24« 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  three  years,  flftv. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  1. 

Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  29. 

Remarks:  The  honorary  degree  was  conferred,  at  the  1883  com- 
mencement, on  a  matriculate  of  the  last  session,  1882-83. 


Graduates. 

Percent 

141 

45.3 

191 

68 

116 

47+ 

ifcilki]r»»jiai«>»if*-i<ii'« 


iliiiittoM»lih^»>' iiluCl^iiliV'i»>J«»i<i'<'>W#«'»iWi«»'«  I  **«''«'''»*''J ''»"'■' '■''■^^^ 


:>  druggists 
itors  in  full 
>w  reads  an 
ivests  $6  in 
t  with  him. 
id  to  presH, 


Vanperbilt 


niversity  of 
I  first  class 
.nd  the  first 
Jlasses  have 
ese  dates. — 
monstrator. 

aration  and  a 
ually.  Daily 
ires  embrace 
eria  medica, 
slinical  rnedi- 
sea  of  the  ear 
nee,  hygiene, 

ity-oae  years 
ill  courses  of 
ted  by  ballot, 
)e  entitled  to 
er  applicants 
pt  by  consent 

dnation  $100. 
3ion  reported, 

rcent. 

45.3 

68 

47+ 

years,  fifty. 


1883  com- 


tenne8sp;e. 


229 


Memphls   Medical  College.  —  {Medical    Department  of    Cumberland 

University.) 
Memphis,  Tenn. 
Organized  in  1854.— Suspended  during  the  war,  1801-05.     Reor- 
ganized in  1872.  Courses  of  lectures  were  delivered  until  187-    Extinct. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  2. 

Nashville  Medical  Collea::. — (^7Mw.':>a/  Department  of  the  University 

of  Tennessee.) 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

Organized  in  1870.  Became  connected  with  the  University  of 
Tennessee  in  1880.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1878.  Classes 
have  been  graduated  each  subsequent  year.-  The  faculty  embraces 
thirteen  professors  and  one  demonstrator. 

ConiiSE  OP  Instbuction:  One  course  of  lectures  of  twenty -one  weeks'  dura- 
tion and  a  preliminary  course  of  four  wfcks'  duration,  annually.  Examinations 
by  the  faculty  daily.  Clinics  at  hospital  and  dispensary.— Lectures  embrace 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  chemistry,  state  or  preventive 
medicine,  insanity,  hygiene,  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  obstetrics,  clinical  midwifery, 
medical  and  surgical  diseases  of  women,  diseases  of  children,  general,  descriptive 
and  surgical  anatomy,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  physiology,  medical  jurispru- 
dence, medical  and  surgical  diseases  of  tlie  eye,  ear  and  throat,  dental  surgery. 

Kequibements :  For  admission,  none.- -For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  dissections 
during  attendance  in  this  school;  (5)  satisfactory  examination  by  the  faculty. 

Fees:  Matriculation  (paid  but  once),  $5;  demonstrator,  |10;  lectures,  $75; 
graduation,  iJlO. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  ses&ion  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 


Session. 
1877-78 
1878-79 
1879-80 
1880-81 
1881-82 
1882-83 


Matriculates. 
126 
182 
167 
184 
144 
133 


Oraduatos. 


52 
66 
69 

68 


Percent. 


81+ 
41+ 

48— 
43.6 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  four  years, 
fvrty. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  last  session,  6. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  17. 

Remarks:     One  honorary  degree    was   conferred  at  the  last  com- 
rriencement. 

Meharry  Medical  Department  oi    Central  Tennessee  College. 

Nashville,  Tenn. 
Organized  in  1876.     Devoted  to  the  educatioi   of  colored  stud(>nts, 


230 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTn'UTIONS. 


male  and  female.  The  tirst  class  was  graduated  in  1877. — The  faculty 
embraces  seven  professors,  one  assistant  professor,  and  one  demon- 
strator. 

C0UH8E  OF  Instkuotion:  One  annual  sbshiou  of  five  months'  durution.  Three 
years'  graded  course  recommended,  but  not  re<juired.— Lectures  embrace:  "  During 
thu  first  year's  attendance,  students  will  be  required  to  recite  daily  in  anat<.my, 
physiology,  chemistry  and  materia  medica,  have  practical  work  in  dissecting,  and 
work  two  hours  per  day  in  the  chemical  laboratory.  They  will  also  receive  instruc- 
tions in  elementary  botany.  At  the  close  of  the  session,  they  are  refjuired  to  pass 
a  satisfactory  written  examination  in  the  above  mentioned  branches.  The  studies 
for  the  second  year  consist  of  surgery,  gynecology,  obstetrics,  surgical  anatomy, 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  histology,  microscopy,  two  hours'  work  per  week 
in  medical  chemistry,  and  daily  recitations  and  attendance  on  the  lectures  will  be 
required.  Written  monthly  examinations  are  required  during  the  whole  course." 
Lectures  are  also  delivered  on  medical  jurisprudence  and  diseases  of  women. 

llEtiiiiBEMKNTs:  For  admissiou:  "Applicants  must  be  at  least  eighteen  years 
of  age,  of  good  moral  character,  and  pass  examinations  in  arithmetic,  geograj>hy, 
grammar,  reading,  writing  and  spelling.  Graduates  of  other  recognized  colleges 
and  normal  schools  will,  on  presenting  their  diplomas,  be  admitted  without  exam- 
ination,"— For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years  of  age;  (2)  three  years'  study; 
(3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures;  (4)  must  pass  a  satisfactory  written  examination 
in  all  of  the  branches  laid  down  in  this  course,  including  the  outlines  of  Bible 
history  and  doctrine;  (6)  present  an  acceptable  original  thesis  on  some  medical 
subject. 

Fees:  Tuition,  |30;  graduation,  $10;  materials  for  practical  anatomy  and 
chemistry  at  cost. 

Student.s:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 


Session. 

Matriculates. 

(iraduates. 

Perce 

1877-78 

9 

8 

1878-79 

8 

8 

_ 

1879  80 

10 

8 

1880  81 

U 

8 

M~ 

1881-82 

M 

8 

87.6 

1882  83 

80 

j»   ' 

18.6 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  years, 
twentji-two.  Only  the  numbers  of  new  matriculates,  and  not  the  total  numbers 
attending  the  sessions  of  1877  78^  1878-79,  1879  80  and  1880  81,  being  furnished, 
the  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculntes  have  not  been  computed  for  these 
years. 

Remarks:  Seventy-fivo  per  cent,  is  recpiired  to  pass  the  examina- 
tions. The  dean  writes  that  the  requirements  for  admission  and 
graduation  will  be  raised  as  soon  as  circumstances  will  permit. 


Extinct. 


Botanic  Medical  College. 
Memphis,  Tenn. 


_L 


le  faculty 

0  demon - 

on.     Three 
j:  "During 

1  anaU.iuy, 
ectiiig.  and 
ivo  iustruc- 
red  to  puss 
The  studies 
il  anatomy, 
rk  per  week 
iros  will  be 
ole  course." 
omen, 
htcen  yc'arw 
geography, 
'.od  colleges 
thout  exam- 
ears'  study; 
examination 
les  of   Bible 
ime  medical 

uatoniy  and 

on  reported, 

rcent. 


■.G 
1.6 

two  years, 
hvl  numbers 

furnished, 
id  for  these 

cxamiQii- 
ssion   and 


TENNESSEE— TEXAS. 


231 


-The 


Memphis  Hospital   Mehicai.  College. —  (A/cd/cai    Department 

Soutliivestern    Baptist    University.) 

Memphis,  Tenn.  (Pop.  38,592.) 

Organized  in  1880.     The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1881. 
faculty  embraces  nine  professors. 

Course  op  Instbuotion:  A  preliminary  course  of  two  weeks'  durati(m,  and  a 
regular  course  of  twenty-two  weeks'  duration,  annually.  Daily  examinations  and 
quizzes  by  tiie  professors.  Clinics  at  hospital  and  dispensary.— Lectures  embrace 
materia  medica,  therapeutics,  surgery — clinical  and  operative,  principles  and  prac- 
tice of  gynecology,  anatomy— descriptive  and  surgical,  ophthalmology,  practice 
of  medicine,  clinical  medicine,  otology,  obstetrics,  diseases  of  the  throat,  physi- 
ology, diseases  of  the  chest,  chemistry,  toxicology,  diseases  of  the  nervous  system, 
disep.ses  of  children. 

Requiukments:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  good  moral  character;  (3)  two  full  courses  of  lectures:  (4)  dissection 
during  one  session;  (5)  thesis;  (6)  satisfactory  examination  in  all  branches  taught. 
"  No  examination  for  graduation  will  be  granted  in  advance  of  the  time  fixed  for 
examining  the  entire  class,  without  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  faculty." 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $5;  lectures,  $50;  demonstrator,  $10;  graduation,  ISO. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  each  session  since  the 
organization  of  the  college,  and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates- 
Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1880-81  —  9  

1881  82  89  80  33.7 

1882-83  95  32  33.6 

Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  past  two  years, 
thirty-three. 


TEXAS.    . 

.Population,  1,592,574.  Number  of  physicians,  3,003.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  530. 

An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Tex,as: 

Section  1.  That  no  person  shall  be  permitted  to  practice  medicine,  m  any  of 
its  branches  or  departments,  in  this  State,  without  first  having  a  certificate  of 
qualification  from  some  authorized  board  of  medical  examiners,  as  hereinafter 
provided. 

§  2.  That  every  person  who  may  hereafter  engage  in  the  practice  of  medicine, 
in  any  of  its  branches  or  departments,  in  this  State,  shall,  before  entering  upon 
Buch  practice,  furnish  to  the  clerk  of  the  district  court  of  the  county  in  which  said 
practitioner  may  reside  or  sojourn,  his  certificate  of  qualification;  and  said  clerk 
shall  enter  the  name  of  said  person  in  a  well-bound  book,  kept  in  his  oflice  for  that 
purpose,  together  with  the  time  when,  the  place  where,  and  the  person  or  persons 
by  whom  such  certificate  of  qualification  was  given,  after  which  he  shall  return  the 
said  certificate  to  the  owner  thereof;  for  which  service  said  clerk  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  from  each,  any  and  every  such  applicant  the  sum  of  ont  dollar. 


-< 


282 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


§  8.  That  the  presiding  judges  of  the  district  courts  of  the  several  judicial 
districts  whnll,  at  the  firft  regular  term  of  their  courts  after  this  act  shall  become  a 
law,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as  practicable,  severally  appoint  a  board  of  medical 
examiners  for  their  respective  districts,  to  be  composed  of  not  less  th.in  three  prac- 
ticing physicians  of  known  ability,  and  having  certificates  of  qualification  for  the 
practice  of  medicine  under  tlie  "Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine,"  passed 
May  16,  1873,  and  said  board  of  examiners  to  continue  in  office  two  years  f.'om 
and  after  their  appointment;  and  they  shall,  immediately  after  accepting  such 
ap])ointment,  elect  one  of  their  number  president,  and  one  as  secretary,  and  adopt 
all  necessary  rules  for  the  guidance  and  control  of  their  meetings.  It  shall  be  the 
duty  of  said  board  of  medical  examiners  to  examine  all  applicants  for  certificates 
of  (junlification  to  practice  medicine,  in  any  of  its  branches  or  departments,  in 
this  State,  whether  such  applicants  are  furnished  with  medical  diplomas  or  not, 
upon  the  following  named  subjects,  to-wit;  anatomy,  physiology,  pathological 
anatomy  and  pathology,  surgery,  obstetrics  and  chemistry ;  said  examination  to  be 
thorough.  When  the  said  board  of  medical  examiners  ^hall  have  been  satisfied  as 
to  the  qualification»  of  said  applicant,  they  shall  grant  to  him  a  certificate  to  that 
effect,  wliich  certificate  shall  be  recorded  with  the  clerk  of  the  district  court  of  the 
county  in  which  said  applicant  may  reside  or  sojourn,  as  provided  in  section  two  of 
this  act,  which,  certificate  shall  entitle  him  to  practice  anywhere  in  this  State. 
Such  board  of  examiners  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  the  sum  of  fifteen  dollars  for 
each  and  every  such  applicant,  to  be  paid  by  the  applicant  or  party  so  examined; 
and  two  of  them  shall  have  authority  to  grant  certificates,  and  whenever  a  vacancy 
occurs  in  any  of  said  boards,  the  same  shall  be  filled  l)y  appointment  by  the  judge 
of  tlie  district  iir  which  such  vacancy  occurs. 

§  4.  That  said  boards  shall  meet  regularly  semi-annually  at  some  central 
point  in  their  respective  districts  to  conduct  examinations  and  grant  certificates, 
as  hereinbefore  provided,  and  they  shall  give  at  least  one  month's  public  notice  of 
said  meeting,  by  publication  in  some  paper  published  in  the  judicial  district, 
specifying  the  time  and  place  thereof:  Provided,  that  any  member  of  any  of  said 
boards  shall  have  authority  to  grant  temporary  license  or  certificate  to  an  appli- 
cant, upon  examination,  until  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  board,  at  which 
time  the  temporary  license  shall  cease;  but  the  said  applicant  must  apply  for  a 
thorough  examination.  Each  and  every  one  of  such  boards  shall  procure  a  seal, 
as  soon  as  practicable  after  their  organization,  which  seal  shall  be  impressed  upon 
every  certificate  granted. 

§  5.  That  any  person  violating  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof,  before  any  court  having  com- 
petent jurisdiction,  shall  be  fined  in  any  sum  not  less  than  fifty  dollars,  and  not 
more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  for  every  such  offense;  one-half  of  such  fine,  shall 
be  paid  to  the  prosecutor,  and  the  other  half  into  the  county  treasury;  and  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  ji.  Ige  of  each  judicial  district,  Ht  each  term  of  the  district 
court  in  the  respective  counties  composing  his  district,  to  charge  the  grand  jury 
with  the  necessity  of  preserving  this  act  inviolate,  and  to  admonish  them  of  their 
duty  to  find  presentments  against  any  and  all  persons  guilty  of  its  infraction: 
Provided,  that  nothing  in  tliis  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  exclude  or  disqualify 
any  person  who  may  have  been  already  qualified  for  the  practice  of  medicine  under 
the  act  of  May  16,  1873:  Provided,  that  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  so  construed  as 
to  apply  to  those  who  have  been  regularly  engaged  in  the  general  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  this  State,  in  any  of  its  branches  or  departments,  for  a  period  of   five 


)ral  judicial 
ill  become  a 

of  medical 
I  three  prnc- 
tiou  for  the 
ine,"  pansed 

years  f.'om 
epting  such 
r,  cud  adopt 
shall  be  the 
:  certificates 
iirtments,  in 
>mas  or  not, 
[tathological 
nation  to  be 
I  satisfied  as 
icato  to  that 
court  of  the 
ction  two  of 
I  this  ytate. 
1  dollars  for 
u  examined; 
)r  a  vacancy 
ly  the  judge 

ome  central 
certiflcates, 
lie  notice  of 
cial  district, 
any  of  said 
to  an  appli- 
•d,  at  which 
apply  for  a 
ocuro  a  seal, 
ressed  upon 

ict  shall  be 

liaving  com- 

ars,  and  not 

ch  fine,  shall 

and  it  shall 

the  district 

grand  jury 

lem  of  their 

infraction: 

r  disqualify 

liicine  under 

jonstrued  as 

ice  of  medi- 

:iod  of   five 


TEXAS. 


233 


conseontive  years  in  this  State  prior  to  the  first  day  of  January,  1876;  nor  to  thoite 
who  have  obtained  certiflcates  of  qualification  under  said  act;  nor  to  females  who 
follow  the  practice  of  midwifery,  strictly  as  such. 

§  6,  An  act  entitled  "  An  act  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine,"  passed 
sixteenth  of  May,  1873,  and  all  other  laws  or  parts  of  laws  in  conflict  herewith,  are 
hereby  repealed. 

§  7.  It  being  important  that  the  benefits  of  this  act  be  realized  at  once, 
creates  such  imperative  public  necessity  and  an  emergency  as  requires  that  it  be 
of  force  and  effect  upon  its  passage,  and  it  is  so  declared. 

Approved  August  21,  1876. 

Article  396  of  the  Penal  Code  provides:  If  any  person  shall  practice  for  jiay, 
or  as  a  regular  practitioner,  medicine  in  this  State,  in  any  of  its  branches  or 
departments,  or  offer  or  attempt  to  practice  without  first  having  obtained  a 
certificate  of  professional  qualification  from  some  authorized  board  of  medical 
examiners,  or  without  having  a  diploma  from  some  accredited  med{<!al  college, 
chartered  by  the  legislature  of  the  State  or  its  authority,  in  which  the  same  is 
situated,  he  shall  bo  punished  by  fine  of  not  less  than  fifty  nor  more  than  five 
hundred  dollars. 

Article  398.  If  any  person  shall  hereafter  engage  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  any  of  its  branches  or  departments,  for  pay,  or  as  a  regular  practitioner,  with- 
out having  first  filed  for  record  with  the  clerk  of  the  district  court  of  the  county 
in  wiiich  such  person  may  reside  or  sojourn,  a  certificate  from  some  authorized 
board  of  medical  examiners,  or  a  diploma  from  some  accredited  medical  college, 
he  shall  be  punished  as  prescribed  in  Article  3&6. 

Approved  March  26,  1879. 

Dr.  W.  J.  Burt,  eecretaiy  of  the  State  Medical  Association,  writes: 
"We  have  laws,  but  they  are  not  efficient.  Any  gi-aduate  of  a 
chartered  medical  college  is  qualified,  under  our  laws,  to  practice,  by 
registering  his  diploma  in  the  county  clerk's  or  district  clerk's  office. 
This  lets  in,  and  qualifies,  a  man  who  holds  a  bogus  or  forged  diploma. 
A  non-graduate  must  be  examined  by  a  board  appointed  for  each  judi-. 
cial  district. 

"  The  profession  have  tried  for  four  years  to  get  an  amendment  to 
the  Idw  requiring  every  physician  to  be  examined  by  a  board  in  each 
congressional  district,  iiTespective  of  diplomas,  but  the  Solons  of  our 
State  do  not  see  it,  and  say,  '  let  the  peoplo  employ  whom  they  please.' 
We  hope  to  get  a  more  efficient  and  satisfi     ory  law  in  1884." 

Texas  Medical  College  and  Hospital. 
Galveston,  Texas. 

Organized  in  1864 — Re-organized  in  1873.— Formerly  known  as 
the  Galveston  Medical  College.  The  last  couj-se  of  lectures  was  deliv- 
ered in  1880-81.  -     , 


■  'rtkltlft^    ^1     I  :'h^(l. 


.v:,i■^,,^a-^^^■^v..^r.■^i^A.■^-,JA^w^^>l.■«A^V7i^^yf^,;fc^^-y,.,ys^-,^, 


«■ 


234 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


UTAH  TERRITORY. 

Population,  143,903.  Number  of  phyHicians,  139.  Number  of 
inhabitiintfl  to  each  physician,  1,035. 

Dr.  H.  J.  Richards,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  writes: 

"  In  answer  to  your  letter  I  have  to  way  that,  so  far  as  I  know,  w« 
have  in  Utah  no  law  regulating  the  practice  of  medicine.  I  think  there 
is  in  the  penal  code  one  clause  defining  a  punishment  for  the  misdeeds 
of  a  physician  while  drunk.  The  inference  is,  that  during  the  little 
time  ho  is  sober,  he  will  not  do  much  harm.  Some  of  the  incorporated 
cities  regulate  medicine  within  their  limits  by  soiling  a  license  to  any 
one  who  may  apply  for  it. 

"In  this  city  the  qualifications  needed  to  practice  medicine  are  the 
possession  of  one  dollar,  and  a  willingness  on  the  part  of  the  would-be 
physician  to  contribute  said  one  dollar  to  the  city  treasury.  *  * 
As  for  the  medical  fraternity  proper,  I  do  not  think  any  of  them  care 
for  any  law  regulating  medicine.  I  believe  they  are  advocates  of  the 
doctrine  of  the  '  survival  of  the  fittest.' '! 


Medical  Institution  of  Morgan  City. 
Morgan  City,  U.  T. 


Extinct. 


VERMONT. 

Population,    332,286.      Number   of   physicians,    659.     Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  504. 
PaAOTioE  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Chapter  172,  Revised  Lawa,  J  880. 

Section  3908.  Medical  societies,  organized  under  a  charter  from  the  general 
assembly,  shall,  at  each  annual  session,  elect  a  board  of  censors,  consisting  of  three 
members,  who  shall  hold  their  office  till  others  are  elected;  which  board  may 
examine  and  license  practitioners  of  medicine,  surgery  and  midwifery. 

§  3909.  A  practitioner  of  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery,  who,  by  sign  or 
advertisement,  offers  his  services  to  the  public  as  practitioner  of  either  medicine, 
surgery  or  midwifery,  or  who,  by  such  sign  or  advertisement,  assumes  the  title  of 
doctor,  shall  obtain  a  certificate  from  one  of  such  medical  societies,  either  from  a 
county,  district  or  State  society. 

§  3910.  A  person  not  a  resident  of  this  State,  who  has  not  received  a 
diploma  from  a  chartered  medical  college,  shall  obtain  a  certificate  from  a  board 
of  censors  in  this  State  before  be  shall  be  permitted  to  practice  the  medical  art  in 
this  State. 

§  3911.  Each  board  of  censors  shall  issue  certificates,  without  fee,  to  physi- 
cians and  surgeons  who  furnish  evidence,  by  diploma  from  a  medical  college  or 
university,  or  by  certificate  of  examination  from  an  authorized  board,  which  satis- 
fies said  censors  that  the  person  presenting  such  credentials  has  been,  after  due 


1 


VERMONT. 


285 


iinber  of 


now,  wn 
ink  there 
misdeeds 
the  little 
orporated 
ie  to  any 

B  are  the 

would-be 

«         « 

them  care 
;e8  of  the 


Jumber  of 


the  geueral 

,ing  of  three 

board  majr 

I,  by  sign  or 

Br  medicine, 

the  title  of 

ither  from  a 

,  received  a 
rom  a  board 
edical  art  in 

ee,  to  physi- 
al  college  or 
which  satis- 
n,  after  dae 


exauiiuation,  deemed  qnalitied  to  practice  the  branches  mentioned  in  nuch  diploma 
or  certificate. 

§  3912.  The  censors  of  each  medical  college  aforesaid  shall,  in  their  discre- 
tion, notify  practitioners  of  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery  of  the  terms  of  this 
chapter,  and  shall  retiuire  such  persons  to  comply  therewith  within  thirty  days 
after  such  nutitication,  or  within  such  further  time  as  is  allowed  by  the  censors,  not 
exceeding  ninety  days. 

S  3U13.  The  certificate  shall  set  forth  that  said  censors  have  found  the  person 
to  whom  it  is  given  cpalifled  to  practice  the  branches  of  medical  art  mentioned  in 
it,  and  shall  be  substantially  in  the  following  form: 

No.  — — .  Certificate. 

STATE  OF  VERMONT,  ^ 
County  or • J 

This  may  certify  that  the  undersigned  board  of   censors  have  found  A.  U..  of 

,  in  the  county  of and  State  of • ,  qualified  in  the 

following  branches  of  the  medical  profession: ;  and  therefore 

license  him  to  practice  said  branches  within  this  State. 


Board  of  Cennors  of  Medical  Sonely. 

§  3914.  The  person  to  whom  a  certificate  is  thus  issued  shall  cause  the  same 
to  be  recorded  in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  county  in  which  he  resides,  or,  if  not  a 
resident  of  the  State,  in  the  county  in  which  he  obtains  such  certificate,  in  a  book 
to  be  kept  by  the  county  clerk  for  that  purpose,  and  to  be  called  the  Medical 

Register  of  — County.     The  fee   for    recording   such   certificate   shall    be 

twenty-five  cents. 

§  3915.  A  certificate  issued  by  u  board  of  censors,  as  herein  provided,  shall 
be  valid  throughouu  the  State  after  being  duly  recorded.  Said  censors  may  revoke 
or  annul  a  certificate  if,  in  their  judgment,  the  person  holding  it  has  obtained  it 
fraudulently,  or  has  forfeited  the  right  to  public  confidence,  by  conviction  of  crime. 

§  3916.  A  person  who  practices  medicine,  surgery  or  midwifery  in  the  State, 
or  signs  a  certificate  of  death  for  purposes  of  burial  or  removal,  unless  authorized 
so  to  do  by  a  certificate  issued  and  recorded  as  herein  provided,  shall,  for  the  first 
offense,  be  fined  not  less  than  fifty  nor  more  than  two  hundred  dollars,  and  for  a 
subsequent  offense  not  less  than  two  hundred  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars, 
which  fine  may  be  recovered  in  an  action  of  debt,  for  the  use  of  any  person  who 
sues  therefor,  or  by  an  indictment. 

§  3917.  No  person  practicing  either  of  the  branches  of  medicine,  surgery  or 
midwifery  within  this  State  shall  be  permitted  to  enforce,  in  the  courts,  the  collec- 
tion of  a  fee  or  compensation  for  services  rendered,  or  material  or  medicine 
furnished,  in  the  practice  of  any  of  the  branches  for  which  he  has  not  a  certificate 
aa  provided  in  this  chapter. 

§  3918.  This  chapter  shall  not  apply  to  the  practice  of  dentistry,  nor  to  the 
practice  of  midwifery  by  women  in  the  town  or  locality  in  which  they  reside,  nor 
to  those  practitioners  of  medicine  who  had  resided  and  practiced  medicine  in  the 
State  five  years  previous  to  November  28,  1836. 

§  2555.  A  physician  who  attended  upon  a  deceased  person  shall  leave  with 
the  town  clerk  a  certificate  containing  the  name  of  the  disease  or  cause  of  such 
death  within  fifteen   days  after   the   interment  of  the  deceased;  and  a  medical 


236 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


attendant  who  fails  to  give  such  oertiflcnte  Ahall  be  fined  three  dollars,  for  the  nse 
of  the  town  where  the  offense  in  committed. 

The  profeHflional  booka  and  inatrumentn  of  a  physloian  are  exempt  from  tax- 
ation, and  from  attachment  and  execution. 


Mkdioal  Department  of  the    University  of  Vermont  and  State 
Agricultural  Colleue. 
Burlington,  Vt.     (Pop.  11,365.) 
Organized  in  1821.     The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1823.     Ses- 
sions were  held  and  classes  graduated  annually,  excepting  in  1835^  until 
1830,  when  the  sessions  were   suspended.     During   this   period    114 
students  were  gi'aduated.     In  1853  the  department  was  reorganized. 
A  class  was  graduated  in  1854  and  in  each  subsequent  year. — The 
faculty   embraces    fom'teen   professors,    one   assistant   professor,    ofie 
instructor,  one  demonstrator,  and  one  ciu-ator. 

CouBHE  OF  Instbuction  '.  A  preliminary  term  of  eighteen  weeks'  duration, 
and  a  regular  term  of  seventeen  weeks'  duration,  annually — the  regular  term  begin- 
ning on  the  first  Thursday  in  March  each  year. — Consists  of  a  complete  course  on 
the  seven  principal  branches,  and  a  short  and  practical  course  on  the  special 
branches.  Clinics  at  the  hospital  and  dispensary.  Three  years'  graded  course 
recommended,  but  not  required. — Lectures  embrace  general  iiud  special  anatomy, 
obstetrics,  diseases  of  women,  materia  medica,  general  pathology,  principles  and 
practice  of  surgery,  chemistry,  toxicology,  theory  atid  practice  of  medicine,  micro- 
scopic anatomy,  dermatology,  diseases  of  children,  ophthalmology,  otology, 
thoracic  diseases,  diseases  of  the  throat  and  nose,  mental  and  nervous  diseases, 
medical  jurisprudence. 

Requibementb:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation:  (1)  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  (2)  three  years'  study;  (3)  two  full  courses  in  different  years;  (4)  thesis; 
(6)  good  moral  character;  (6)  satisfoctory  examination.  "Graduates  of  other 
regular  colleges,  who  desire  a  degree  from  this  institution,  must  pass  a  satisfactory 
examination  in  the  branches  of  medicine,  surgery  and  obstetrics;  and  if  they  be 
graduates  of  more  than  three  years'  standing,  they  must  exhibit  a  certificote  of 
membership  in  some  medical  society  entitled  to  representation  in  the  American 
Medical  Association." 

Fees:     Matriculation,  $6;  lectures,  $70;  graduation,  |25. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  ^i  each  sessio!!  reported, 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates — 

Session.  Matriculates.  Graduates.  Percent. 

1878  108  88  30+ 

1879  140  49  35- 

1880  143  88  37+ 

1881  171  40  ■         2<J-i- 

1882  190  88  44.7 
Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  the  five  years  ended 

1882,  thirty-five. 

Number  of  Illinois  students  attending  the  session  of  1SG2,  1. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  18.  . 


l-f-r-i  'i    I  'off  iriMn-  i^m 


1,  for  the  nae 
pt  from  tax- 

D  Statk 


828.  Ses- 
1835^  until 
loriod  114 
(organized, 
^ear.  — The 
eflsor,    ofie 

:8'  duration, 
term  begin- 
ie  course  on 
the  special 
■aded  course 
ial  anatomy, 
inciples  and 
icine,  micro- 
,'y,  otology, 
)nH  diBeaseB, 

ty-one  years 
?;  (4)  thesis; 
tes  of  other 
satisfactory 
i  if  they  be 
;ertiflcate  of 
le  .\merioan 


OTi  reported, 

roent. 

30+ 

85  — 

37+ 

29+ 

44.7 

yearn  ended 


UUSm 


VKRMONT— VIRGINIA.  237 

Vermont  Medical   College. 
Woodstock,  Vt. 
Organized  in  18 — .     Extinct. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  12.  ' 

Veumunt  Academy  of  Medicine. 
Cttstleton,  Vt. 
Organized   in    1818.     Suspended  instnictiou   from   1837  to    1841. 
Extinct  since  1854.     During  its  existence  it  graduated  350  students. 
Number  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  27. 


VIRGINIA. 

Population,  1,512,565.  Number  of  physicians,  1,898.  Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  790. 

Dr.  J.  L.  Cabell,  University  of  Virginia,  furnishes  the  following: 

Code  of  Virginia  (1873.)     Chapter  34,  Section  8: 

A  separate  license  shall  be  granted  to  each  member  of  a  firm  or  company  of 
attorneys  at  law,  physicians,  surgeons  and  dentists;  and  where  the  tax  is  estimated 
on  the  income  from  the  professional  business  f  a  firm  or  company,  if  any  part 
thereof  is  exempt  from  taxation,  the  exemption  in  favor  of  such  firm  or  company 
shall  apply  to  each  member  thereof. 

§  16.     Provides  that  no  abatement  of  tax  be  granted  on  licenses  for  one  year. 

§  62.  No  person  shall,  without  a  license,  practice  as  a  physician,  surgeon  or 
dentist,  for  compensation;  but  a  license  to  practice  either  profession  shall  confer 
the  privilege  of  practicing  in  all  the  professions  aforesaid,  and  a  license  grunted  to 
practice  in  any  county  or  corporation,  shall  authorize  such  physician,  surgeon  or 
dentist  to  practice  in  any  of  the  professions  authorized  throughout  the  common- 
wealth without  additional  license.  Any  person  violating  the  provisions  of  this 
section,  or  who  shall  practice  in  either  of  the  professions  named,  without  a  license, 
shall  pay  a  fine  of  not  less  than  thirty  dollars  nor  more  than  one  hundred  dollars 
for  each  offense,  and  shall  be  debarred  from  recovering  any  compensation  for  any 
such  service,  by  suit  or  warrant,  in  any  of  the  courts  of  the  commonwealth. 

Chapter  35,  Section  51.  The  specific  license  tax  on  every  physician,  surgeon 
or  dentist  shall  be  ten  dollars. 

Chapter  104,  Section  81.  Every  physician  and  surgeon  shall,  in  a  book  to  be 
kept  by  him,  make  a  record  at  once  of  the  death  of  every  person  dying  in  this 
State,  upon  whom  he  has  attended  at  the  time  of  such  death,  setting  out,  as  far  as 
practicable,  the  circumstances  herein  required  to  be  recorded  bv  an  assessor  or 
commissioner  respecting  deaths.  He  shall  give  to  an  assessor  oi  aimissioner  of 
the  revenue,  whenever  called  upon  by  him  for  that  purpose,  annually,  a  copy  of 
such  record,  so  far  as  the  same  relates  to  deaths  in  such  assessor's  or  commis- 
sioner's district. 

The  above  statutes  were  enacted  during  the  session  of  the  legisla- 
ture of  1871-72. 


■iwiiaiiitwiaiiiiiiaiaiaiaaatiiBtai^jJMHiiB'.- 


ffiyiiiiMin-ii^f.  ^j.  P«>s.v,^'i'Mtf  iffjp.ifii^nni  J.  .1  n'nvr* 


f  •  >*■  y 


288 


MEDICAL   fiAWS  AND  INHTITIJTIONS. 


Coni|)onHiiti()u  for  attpiulin^  prisoiiors,  and  for  makiiifr  analyHOH  in 
orimiual  cafsoH,  is  prKHcriluKl  by  tbo  f.l lowing  statntu,  onacted  during 
tho  HeHHion  of  !  877-78:  . 

A  court  may  appoint  a  phyMiciiin  to  nttond  priHon«r8  in  itn  jitil.  and  makn  him 
a  reHMonnlilt'  ullowancu,  not  excoeding  Hovcnty-ttvii  cents  pur  day  for  wicli  nay  he 
attendH  a  patient.  Wlieu  he  attends  more  than  one  patient  a  day,  tiiere  may  be 
allowed  llfty  centH  per  day  for  eauli  additional  patient.  A  court  may  make  an 
allowanco  not  to  exceed  tiie  Hum  of  twenty-tlve  dollars,  as  compensation  to  any 
physician  or  analytical  chemiRt.  for  making  an  analysis  to  discover  poison  in  any 
criminal  case. 

Medicai-  Department  of  the  University  of  Virginia. 
Near  Charlottesville,  Alb»*rmarle  County. 

(Pop.  of  Uiiivorsity  Town,  1,000.     Pop.  of  CharlotteHville,  2,070.) 

Organized  in  1825.  The  first  clasH  graduated  in  July,  1828. 
There  was  no  graduating  class  in  1802. — The  faculty  embraces  four 
professors  and  a  demonstrator  of  anatomy. 

CouBHB  OF  Instuuction:  One  annual  course  of  thirty-six  weeks'  duration; 
daily  examinations  by  the  professors;  optional  courses  in  the  chemical  laboratory 
are  given;  fee  charged,  $25  each.  Course  is  graded,  extending  over  two  years. — 
Lectures  embrace,  besides  comparative  anatomy,  obstetrics  and  medical  jurispru- 
dence, the  following  scheme:  The  arrangement  of  the  lectures  is  such  that  thu 
student  acquires  a  competent  knowledge  of  anatomy,  physiology  and  chemistry 
before  he  enters  upon  the  study  of  the  principles  and  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery,  which  can  only  be  studied  properly  in  the  light  shed  upon  th.-'ui  by  the 
former.  The  instructions  in  materii  medica  and  pharmacy  are  also  given  in  due 
relation  to  the  progress  of  the  stude'it  in  chemistry. 

Requikkmentb:  For  admission,  none. — For  graduation.  "The  degree  of 
doctor  of  medicine  is  conferred  upon  such  students  as  prove  \  heir  fitness  for  the 
same  by  rigid  and  searching  examinations.  It  has  ever  been  the  policy  of  the 
institution  to  make  its  honors  testimonials  of  merit,  and  not  cer+'*AC.ites  of  attend- 
ance nj)on  a  prescribed  course  of  instruction.  According  to  this  policy  the 
diploma  is  often  conferred  upon  tirst-course  students,  if  found  worthy  of  it.  The 
candidates  for  graduation  are  subjected  to  searching  interrogations  on  the  details 
and  niceties  as  well  as  on  the  leading  principles  of  the  subject,  and  they  are 
expected  to  be  accurately  versed  in  all  the  topics  treated  of  in  the  lectures  and 
correlative  text.  These  examinations  are  chiefly  in  writing.  The  si  anding  of  the 
student  at  the  daily  and  general  examinations  is  taken  into  account  in  estimating 
his  qualifications  for  graduation.  As  a  proper  acquaintance  with  the  English 
language  is  indispensable  to  the  attainment  of  any  of  the  honors  of  the  institution, 
all  candidates  for  graduation  are  required  to  exhibit  in  their  examination  due 
qualifications  in  this  respect." 

Fees:  Matriculation  and  library,  |30;  tuition,  $100;  demonstrator,  $10; 
graduation,  $16. 


analyHOH  in 
otod  (luring 

luul  II)  like  hiin 
)r  each  day  he 

tiiere  may  be 
niay  miiko  iin 
isiiti  >n  to  liny 

poison  in  any 


INIA. 


He,  2,670.) 

July,   1828. 
mbracoH  four 


eeks'  duration; 
ileal  laboratory 
er  two  years. — 
Ddicnl  jurisprn- 
s  such  that  thn 
and  chciinistry 
if  medirine  and 
)n  th.^iii  by  the 
Ifio  pnen  iu  due 

The  degree  of 
r  fitness  for  the 
txe  policy  of  the 
Lcates  of  attend- 

this  policy  the 
irthy  of  it.  The 
ns  on  the  details 
3t,  and  they  are 
the  lectures  and 

sianding  of  the 
nt  in  estimating 
dth  the  English 
)f  the  institution, 
examination  due 

monstrator,   flO; 


VIKOraiA. 


239 


Students:     Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  „t  each  sossiou  reported 
and  percentages  of  graduates  to  iiiatriculates-  - 


Session . 

1877  78 

1878  7U 
187i)  HO 

1880  81 

1881  82 

1882  8a 


MatricuUites. 


57 
50 


(iniduates. 
17 
21 
IS 
18 
18 
16 


Percent. 


39.8 
83.8 
28.6 


Average  percentage  of  graduates  to  matriculates  during  tlie  p,,st  tliree  years 
Nnmher  of  graduates  in  Illinois,  7. 


-{Winchester  Medical 


Memoal   ScHoor,   of   the  Valley    of  VinoiNiA.- 

College.) 
Wincbenter,  Vn. 

Organizecl  in  1826.  Lectures  were  probably  delivered  until  the 
breakinj,^  out  of  the  war,  1801,  although  no  jiositivo  information  is  at 
hand  regarding  the  date  of  its  extinction. 

Medical    College    of   Virginia. 
Richmond,  Va.  (Pop.  03,000.) 

Organized  in  1838  as  the  Medical  Department  of  Hampden  Sidney 
College,  under  which  name  it  continued  until  1854,  when  a  new  charter 
was  obtained  and  the  present  name  assumed.  The  first  class  was 
graduated  in  1840.  Classes  have  been  graduated  each  subsequent 
year.— The  faculty  embraces  eight  professors  and  ten  adjunct  pro- 
fessors. 

Course  of  Instbuotion:  One  annual  course  of  six  months'  duration  Daily 
eiammations  by  each  professor  or  assistant.  Clinics  at  hospital  and  dispensary 
The  general  plan  and  purpose  of  the  course  of  instruction  will  be  a  judicious 
oombmation  of  the  methods  usually  described  as  the  didactic,  willi  careful  and 
abundant  clinical  and  experimental  illustration:  thoroughness  of  instruction  being 
the  aim  in  all  departments."-  Lectures  embrace  practice  of  medicine,  obstetrics 
diseases  of  the  puerperal  state,  diseases  of  women  and  children,  physiology' 
pathology,  surgery,  chemistry,  pharmacy,  general  and  special  anatomy,  materia 
medica,  therapeutics,  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear  and  throat. 

Rbquibements:     For  admission,  "  An  examination  if  considered  necessary."— 
For  graduation:  not  stated  in  announcement. 

Fees:     Matriculation,  |5;  demonstrator,  $10;  lectures,  $120;  graduation,  |30. 

Students:  Number  of  matriculates  and  of  graduates  at  the  last  session  (being 

the  only  session  concerning  which  the  present  lean  is  able  to  give  information), 


240 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INflTlTUTlONB. 

, .  1UB1   ay  obtninod  from  the  fortjr-ftfth 

and  number  of  Krnd,mteH  of  the  BeHHion  of  1881  82.  ol.t«inoa 

Orp,-Jnnte8.  Percent. 

U.7 


Mntricuhited. 


Bnuouiiceineut — 
HoHHion. 

1881  82  — 

t88!i-88 
P„rcout«K«  of  Kr.idaat«R  to  m.itrioulBteB,  yi/tee«. 

Number  of  yraduutuH  in  Illinois,  4. 


IS 

9 


tory,  but  it  bas  beou  impo«Hible  to  obtaiu  a  copy  of  it. 

WEST  V.UCIMA.  .^.^^^^  ^.^^  ^^^^.^^^,^^,  ,^ 

Population    61^-;  J-    J""  ^^^^J,l,  ,,,,bitaniB  to  oacb  pby- 
Stato  Board  of  Health,  i,-''*U- 

Bician,  cenHns  baBin,  mS;  '''"g^"^^"^^""  ^\"  ;>  jte  Code  of  Went    Virginia 

An  Act  amending  and  re-enacting  Chapter    150  of   the  Oca 
concerning  the  Public  Health.  ,..     .    . 

Be  it  enacted  by  ^he  Legislature  of  W-t  V;.gm.a.^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^  ^^ 
SFxrrK.N  1.     There  Hhall  be  a  State  boara  ^^    ^^^^_ 

two  phy^iciann  residing  in  each  '^^^^^^;:j,,.a  medicine  for  not 

.Ue.  of  reputable  medical  colleger   -,;;;'';,^^^^^\7';;'         ^ed  by  the  governor,  and 

l-«  than  tweWe  y;-;-;;-':  t«r  y  a':  u^^     ier  removed  an  provided  in 
hold  their  office  for  the  tern   of  lou     y        ,  shall,  unlesa  sooner 

thiH  chapter.     But  the  .V^omber.  o     na  d  ^^^....or.  are  appointed  and  ,uali- 
,emovedtherefrom,reman,n  office  unW^  ^^^^  thereafter,  or  as 

fled,     on  the  lir.t  day  of  J^-'  l^^^'J^^j;    ZJ  appoint  two  members  of  said 
Boon  after  «aid  day  aB  possible,  the  governor    h         H  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^ 

board  for  the  term  of  four  years.  ^"~    ^  ;;  ^^  ^,y  ^e  removed  from 

governor  for  the  unexpired  term.    ^^  P™°JP,   ^^^y,  gross  immoraliiy  or 

Office  by  the  governor,  for  --^^^slrffttL  public  good. 

^^"17  "^d  board  ^Hall,on  aday  to  betixed  by^hem^^  e^^^^^^^^^^ 

e  Jf  rom  their  own  number  a  P-;^-;;:^ J^^^^^^^^^^^^^  enter  upon 

r:i;;:trchro::rr.:- 

•Includes  pharmacy  BludontB. 


i 


WKHT  VriKIINIA. 


211 


e  forty-rtfth 
i>uru«nU 
14.7 


Kumbor  of 
thin  Toiri- 


ogitttprod  by 
o  each  pby- 

We»t    Virginia 


e,  consisting  of 
shnll  be  gradu- 
ledioine  for  not 
e  (.governor,  nnd 

lis  provided  in 
1,  unlesa  sooner 
inted  nnd  quali- 
Jiercafter,  or  as 
lenibers  of  said 

be  filled  by  the 
le  removed  from 
8  immorality  or 
od. 
resoribed  by  the 

before  entering 
lone  so  with  the 

every  two  years, 
hold  their  offices 
d  and  enter  upon 
by  the  name  and 
re  and  use  a  com 
d'ld  be  contracted 


with,  plead  and  lie  iiiipleadcd,  to  the  extent  of  the  powers  eonferred  upon  naid 
board  by  IIiIm  etuipter.  Haid  boaril  may  tiiake  ami  adopt  all  iiecessiiry  nilen,  rej»ii- 
IntiniiH  and  by-lawn,  not  ineoiiHinteiit  with  the  eoiiNtitnticin  and  laws  of  this  Ntate. 
or  of  the  I  iiited  States,  to  enable  it  to  perform  its  duties  and  fraiisaet  its  business 
under  (he  provisions  "f  this  eliapter.  A  majority  of  said  board  shnll  eoiistitiite  a 
qnonim  fur  the  trn:  etion  of  business.  A  meeting  of  the  bimrd  may  bo  called 
by  the  president  or  any  three  members  thereof. 

§  4.  Tilt)  sorretary  shall  be  the  reeoriliiiif  otileer  of  tlie  board,  and,  in  addition 
to  his  other  duties  prescribed  in  this  elia|>ter,  he  sliiill  respond  to  all  communica- 
tions of  the  local  boards  of  health,  as  well  as  from  any  member  of  said  State 
board  of  health  residing?  at  a  diHtatic(>  from  liis  olllce,  and  jjive  to  them  such  advice 
and  information  relatwe  to  their  duties  as  hi>  may  ileem  necessary  and  proper. 
He  shall  also  do  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  the  State  board  of  health  may 
lawfully  direct;  and  in  cuRe  of  the  prevalence  of  endemics,  epidemics,  infectious 
and  contagious  diseases,  or  other  unusual  sickness,  he  shall,  on  the  reijuest  of  the 
local  boaril  of  heiilth,  visit  the  locality  and  advise  with  them,  and  adopt  such  ri'KU- 
lations  for  its  suppression  as  may  seem  best.  He  shall  annually  re[iort  to  the 
governor,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  January,  the  investi^jations,  discoverioR 
and  recommendations  of  the  board,  which  shall  be  printed  and  distributed  as  soon 
as  practicable  thereafter  in  the  same  manner  as  other  [lublio  documents  of  the 
State,  except  that  the  governor  may  cause  said  report  to  be  printed  and  dis- 
tibuted  annually. 

g  5.  The  board  shall  take  co^jnizance  of  the  interests  of  the  life  and  health 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  State,  and  shall  make,  or  cause  to  bo  made,  sanitary 
investigations  and  inquiries  respecting  the  causes  of  diseases,  especially  the 
endemics  and  epidemics,  and  the  means  of  prevention,  the  sources  of  mortality, 
and  the  effects  of  localities,  employments,  habits  and  circumstances  of  life  on  the 
public  health.  They  shall  also  investigate  the  causes  of  diseases  occurring  among 
the  stock  or  domestic  animals  in  the  State,  the  methods  of  remedying  the  same, 
and  shall  gather  information  in  respect  to  these  matters  and  kindred  subjects  for 
diffusion  among  the  people.  They  shall  also  examine  into  and  advise  as  to  the 
water  supply,  drainage  and  sewerage  of  towns  and  cities;  the  ventilation  and 
warming  of  public  halls,  churches,  school  houses,  workshops  and  jirisons;  the 
ventilation  of  coal  mines,  and  how  to  treat  promptly  accidents  resulting  from 
poisonous  gases.  When  they  may  believe  there  is  a  probability  that  any  infections 
or  contagious  disease  will  invade  this  State  from  any  other  State,  it  shall  be 
their  duty  to  take  such  action  and  adopt  and  enforce  such  rules  as  thty  may,  in 
the  exercise  of  their  discretion,  deem  efficient  in  preventing  the  introduction  and 
spread  of  such  disease  or  diseases.  The  better  to  accomplish  such  objects,  the 
board  are  empowered  to  establish  and  strictly  maintain  quarantine  at  such  places 
as  they  may  deem  proper,  and  may  adopt  rules  and  regulations  to  obstruct  and 
prevent  the  introduction  or  spread  of  infectious  or  contagious  diseases  to  or  within 
the  State.  They  may  enforce  inspections  of  person  i'  and  articles  of  baggage,  or 
other  goods  of  whatsoever  character,  as  well  as  the  purification  of  the  same;  ond 
companies  or  individuals  operating  or  controlling  railroads,  passenger  coaches, 
public  conveyances,  and  steamers  plying  the  Ohio  river,  or  its  tributaries  in  this 
State,  shall  obey  the  rules  and  regulations  when  made  and  published  by  the  board 
in  some  newspaper  printed  at  or  near  the  place  where  the  danger  is;,  and  any 
owner  or  person  having  charge  of  such  railway  train,  passenger  coach,  steamboat, 
or  pubUc  or  private  conveyance,  who  shall  refuse  to  obey  each  rules  and  regala- 
16 


tflBMi 


242 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


tions  when  ro  mnde  nnd  published,  Bhnll  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  for  each 
offeuKO  be  fined  not  less  than  fifty  nor  more  than  five  1;  mdred  dollars,  and  be  con- 
fined in  tlia  county  jail  not  less  than  fifteen  days  nor  more  than  two  monllis,  at  the 
discretion  of  the  court. 

§  6.  It  shall  bo  the  duty  of  the  county  court  to  nominate,  and  the  naid  board 
to  appoint,  in  each  of  the  counties  of  this  State,  three  intelligent  and  discreet 
persons  residing  therein,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  be  a  person  qualified  to  prac- 
tice medicine  under  the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  if  there  be  such  perfon  residing 
in  tlie  county,  and  the  persons  so  appoiuled  shall  constitute  a  Ivcal  board  of  health 
for  the  county  of  their  residence,  and  hold  their  office  for  the  term  of  two  years,  and 
until  their  successors  are  appointed,  unless  sooner  removed  fromoflice  by  the  State 
board  of  health.  Vacancies  in  said  local  board  shall  bo  filled  by  the  State  board 
for  tlie  unexpired  term  upon  tlie  nomination  of  the  county  court.  The  said  local 
board  of  health  sliall  make  and  establish  for  their  county,  or  for  any  district  or  place 
therein,  such  sanitary  regulations  and  rules  as  they  may  deem  necessary  and  proper 
to  prevent  the  outbreak  and  spread  of  cholera,  small-pox,  scarlet  fever,  diphtheria 
and  otiier  endemic,  infeftiouf-  nnd  contagious  diseases;  and  they  or  any  of  them 
mcy.  except  in  the  niglit  trm-,  in  tiie  performance  of  the  duties  im])osed  upon 
them,  enter  into  or  upon  any  house  or  premises  and  insjiect  the  same  whenever 
they  have  reason  to  believe  that  such  house  or  premises  is  in  an  unclean  or  infec- 
tious condition;  and  if  any  house  or  premises  so  inspected  be  found  in  such 
condition  as  aforesaid,  said  local  board  shall  direct  and  require  the  person  in  ciiarge 
of  or  occupying  the  same,  if  of  sufficient  ability,  to  cleanse  and  jmrify  the  same 
according  to  the  sanitary  rules  and  regulations  mode  by  said  board  as  aforesaid; 
and  if  any  such  person  shall  fail  or  refuse  to  comply  with  and  obey  the  said  direc- 
tions and  requirements  of  said  board,  ho  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and 
fined  not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than  one  hundred  dollars.  Sucli  local  board  sliall 
also  enforce  within  their  county  all  the  lawful  rules  and  regulations  of  the  State 
board  of  health  apjilicablo  to  such  county. 

It  shall  bo  the  duty  of  every  practicing  physician  in  any  county  in  which  there 
is  sucli  local  board  of  health,  to  report  to  said  board  ])romptly  all  or  any  diseases 
of  the  above  named  character  under  treatment  by  him ;  and  said  local  board  shall 
once,  at  least,  in  every  three  months,  report  to  the  State  board  of  healtl;  the  char- 
acter of  all  such  infectious,  contagious,  endemic  or  epidemic  diseases;  the  number 
of  persons  reported  as  affected  witli  either  of  said  diseases,  naming  the  same;  the 
action  taken  by  such  local  board  to  arrest  the  progress  of  every  such  disease,  and 
the  visil)le  effects  (if  any)  of  such  action.  Where  any  city,  town  or  village  has  a 
board  of  health  of  its  own,  the  jurisdiction  of  the  local  board  so  appointed  shall 
not  extend  thereto,  but  such  city,  town  or  village  board  of  health  shall  be  auxiliary 
to  and  act  in  liarmony  with  the  State  board  of  health. 

§  7.  The  local  board  of  health  of  any  county  may  declare  quarantine  therein, 
or  in  any  particular  district,  or  pufe  therein,  against  the  introduction  of  any 
contagious  or  infectious  disease  prevailing  in  anj'  other  State,  county  or  place,  and 
of  any  and  oil  persons  and  things  likely  to  spread  such  contagion  or  infection.  A« 
soon  as  such  quarantine  is  established,  such  local  board  shall,  in  writing,  inform  the 
members  of  the  Slate  board  of  health  residing  in  their  congressional  district 
thereof,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  ascertain  as  soon  as  practicable  the  necessity 
therefor,  if  any  exist;  and  if  they  find  that  no  sucli  necessity  exist,  they  shall 
declare  the  same  raised.  The  said  local  board  shall  hove  power  and  authority  to 
enforce  such  quarantine  until  the  same  is  raised  as  aforesaid,  or  by  themselves ; 


WEST  VIRGINIA. 


243 


and  for  each 
and  be  con- 
ontliB,  at  the 

e  said  board 
and  discreet 
lified  to  prno- 
rf.on  reaiding 
lard  of  health 
wo  years,  and 
B  by  the  State 
B  State  l)oard 
?he  said  local 
[strict  or  place 
.ry  nud  proper 
er,  diphtheria 
nuy  of  them 
imposed  upon 
inno  whenever 
lean  or  infec- 
found  in  such 
n-son  in  charge 
urify  Ihe  same 
3  aB  aforcsiiid; 
the  said  direc- 
demeunor,  and 
cal  board  shall 
IS  of  the  State 

r  in  which  there 
or  any  diseases 
)C!il  board  shall 
health  the  diar- 
ies; the  number 
r  the  same;  the 
ich  disease,  and 
or  village  has  a 
appointed  shall 
hall  be  auxiliary 

urantine  therein, 
)duction  of  any 
nty  or  place,  and 
Dr  infection.  A* 
iting,  inform  the 
ressiona)  district 
ible  the  necessity 
exist,  they  shall 
and  authority  to 
ir  by  themselves; 


and  may  confine  any  such  infected  person,  or  any  person  likely  to  spread  such 
contagion  or  infection,  to  the  house  or  premises  in  which  he  or  she  resides,  or  if 
such  person  have  no  residence  in  the  county,  at  a  place  to  be  provided  by  them 
for  the  purpose;  and  if  it  shall  become  necessary  to  do  so,  they  shall  summon  a 
sufficient  guard  for  the  enforcement  of  their  orders  in  the  premises. 

Every  person  who  shall  fail  or  refuse  to  comply  with  any  order  made  by  such 
board  under  this  section,  and  every  person  summoned  as  such  guard  who  shall, 
without  a  lawful  excuse,  fail  or  refuse  to  obey  the  orders  and  directions  of  such 
board  in  enforcing  said  quaranti-e,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  for  each 
offense  be  lined  not  less  than  twenty-five  nor  more  than  one  hundred  dollars.  In 
cases  of  emergency  or  of  actual  necessity,  and  when  the  court  or  corporate 
authority  are  from  any  cause  unable  to  meet  or  to  provide  for  the  emergency  or 
the  necessity  of  the  case,  all  actual  exi)enditures  necessary  for  local  and  county 
sanitation  as  provided  for  in  this  section,  shall  be  certified  by  tlie  local  board  of 
health  to  (he  county  court,  and  the  wliole  or  as  much  thereof  as  the  said  -ourt  may 
deem  right  and  proper  shall  le  paid  out  of  the  county  treasury.  T;  uoard  of 
health  of  any  city,  town  or  vili'ige,  shall  have  the  same  powers  and  perform  the 
same  duties  herein  conferred  upon  and  rcjuired  of  tlio  local  board  of  health  in 
their  county.  The  State  board  of  liealth  may  also,  under  the  provisions  of  tliis 
section,  declare  quarantine  in  any  part  of  the  State,  and  all  the  provisions  of  this 
section  shall  be  applicable  to  the  quarantine  so  declared. 

§  8.  The  State  board  of  health,  its  agents  and  employees,  and  the  local  boards 
of  health,  in  the  absence  of  the  State  board,  its  agents  and  employees,  when  tliey 
have  reason  to  believe  that  any  steamboat  or  other  water  craft  navigating  the  Ohio 
river  or  its  tributaries  in  this  State,  or  any  other  of  the  waters  of  the  State,  or 
bordering  thereon,  is  -nfected  with  any  contagious  or  infectious  disease,  may 
prevent  the  landing  of  such  boat  or  craft  at  any  point  in  this  State.  'They 
may  also,  if  tliey  have  reason  to  believe  that  any  railroad  train,  coacli  or  other 
veliicle,  passing  on  or  along  any  railroad  in  this  State,  contains  any  person  or  thing 
infected  witli  contagious  matter,  detain  at  any  station  or  point  on  such  railroad, 
where  it  can  bo  done  with  safety,  such  train,  coach  or  vehicle,  for  a  time  sufficient 
to  examine  the  same,  and  if  found  to  be  so  infected  for  a  time  sufficient  to  disin- 
fect and  purify  the  same;  and  if  the  conductor  or  ;)erson  in  charge  of  sucli  train 
coach  or  vehicle,  shall  willfully  fail  or  refuse  to  stop  the  said  train^coach  or  vehicle 
for  the  time  aforesaid,  ho  sh.ill  bo  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  punislied  as 
prescribed  in  section  five  (5)  of  this  chapter.  Nothing  herein  contained  shall  be 
so  construed  as  to  impair  <jr  affect  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  county  court  of 
any  county  under  the  provisions  of  sections  twenty-five  (25)  and  twenty-six  (26) 
of  chapter  thirty -nine  of  the  code  of  West  Virginia  as  amended  and  ro-eiiacted  by 
chapter  five  of  the  acts  of  one  thousand  eight  Imndred  and  eighty-one. 

§  9.     The  following  persons,  and  no  others,  shall  lieroafter  be  permitted  to 
practice  medicine  in  this  State,  viz. : 

First.     All  persons  who  are  graduates  of  a  reputable  medical  college  in  the 
sc.  :  medicine  to  which  the  person  desiring  to  practice  belongs.     Every  such 

person  shall,  if  lie  have  not  already  done  so  and  obtained  the  certificate  hereinafter 
mentioned,  present  his  diploma  to  the  State  board  o£  health,  or  to  the  two  mem- 
bers tliereof  in  his  congressional  district;  and  i^  the  same  is  found  to  be  genuine, 
and  was  issued  by  such  medical  college  as  is  hereinbefore  mentioned,  and  the  per- 
son presenting  the  same  be  the  graduate  named  therein,  the  said  board  or  said  two 
members  thereof  (as  the  case  may  be)  shall  issue  and  deliver  to  him  a  certificate 


pj  JW^wld^jlitf«V^^eM>wiWJ>.||^^lW'M;^w^L'^ 


244 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


to  that  effect;  and  such  diploma  and  certificate  shall  entitle  the  person  named  in 
such  diploma  to  practice  medicine  in  all  its  dej)artmenls  in  this  State. 

Heconcl.  All  persons  who  liave  practiced  medicine  in  this  State  continuously 
for  the  period  of  ten  (10)  years  j)rior  to  the  eighth  day  of  March,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  eiglity-one.  Every  such  person  shall  make  an-l  file  with  the  two 
members  of  the  State  board  of  health  in  the  congressional  district  wher"  he 
resides,  or  if  he  reside  out  of  tlie  State,  in  the  district  nearest  his  residence,  un 
affidavit  of  the  number  of  years  lie  has  continuously  practiced  in  this  Stii.te,  and  if 
the  numlier  of  years  therein  stated  be  ten  (10)  or  more,  the  said  board  or  said  two 
members  thereof,  shall,  unless  they  ascertain  sucli  affidavit  to  bo  false,  give  him  a 
certificate  to  that  fact,  and  authorizing  him  to  practic.i  medicine  in  all  its  depart- 
ments in  this  State. 

Third.  A  person  who  is  not  such  graduate  and  who  has  not  so  practii  Hd  in 
this  State  for  a  period  of  ten  (10)  years,  desiring  to  practice  medicine  in  this 
State,  shall,  if  he  have  not  already  done  so,  present  himself  before  the  State  boord 
of  health,  or  before  the  said  two  members  thereof  in  the  congressional  district  in 
which  he  resides,  or  if  he  reside  out  of  this  State,  to  the  sold  two  members  of  the 
State  board  of  health  in  the  congressional  district  nearest  his  place  of  residence, 
who,  togetlier  with  a  member  of  the  local  board  of  health  who  is  a  physician  (if 
there  be  such  member  of  the  local  board)  of  the  county  in  which  such  examination 
is  held,  shall  examine  him  as  herein  provided;  and  if  upon  full  examination  they 
find  him  qualified  to  practice  medicine  in  all  its  departments,  they,  or  a  majority 
of  them,  shall  grant  him  a  certificate  to  that  effect,  and  thereafter  he  shall  have  the 
right  to  practice  medicine  in  this  State  to  the  same  extent  as  if  he  had  the  diploma 
and  certificate  hereinbefore  mentioned. 

The  members  of  the  State  board  of  health  in  each  congressional  district  shall, 
by  publication  in  some  newspaper  printed  in  the  county  in  which  their  meeting  is 
to  be  held,  or  if  no  such  paper  is  printed  therein,  in  home  newspaper  in  general 
circulation  in  such  district,  give  at  least  twenty-one  days'  notice  of  the  time^and 
place  at  which  they  will  meet  for  the  examination  of  applicants  for  permission  to 
practice  medicine,  which  notice  shall  be  published  at  least  once  in  each  week  for 
three  (3)  liuccessive  weeks  before  the  day  of  such  meeting.  But  this  section  does 
not  apply  to  a  physician  or  surgeon  who  is  called  from  another  State  to  treat  a 
particular  case,  or  to  perform  a  particular  surgical  operation  in  tb'"  State,  and 
who  does  not  otherwise  practice  in  this  State. 

§  10.  Every  person  holding  any  such  certificate  as  is  hereinbefore  provided 
for,  shall  have  the  same  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  the  State  board  of 
health,  in  a  book  kept  by  him  for  that  purpose,  and  the  secretary  shall  endorse  on 
said  certificate  the  fact  of  such  recordation,  and  deliver  the  same  to  the  pe-  on 
named  therein,  or  to  his  order. 

§  11.  Every  person  on  presenting  himself  for  examination  as  heroinbefore 
provided,  shall  pay  to  the  State  board  of  health,  or  to  the  members  thereof  by 
whom  he  is  examined,  a  fee  of  ten  (10)  dollars,  which  shall  not  be  returned  if  a 
certificate  be  refused  him.  But  he  may  again  at  any  time  within  one  year  after 
such  refusal  present  himself  for  examination  as  aforesaid,  without  the  payment  of 
an  additional  fee,  and  if  a  certificate  be  again  refused  him,  he  may  as  often  as  he 
see  fit  thereafter,  on  the  payment  of  a  fee  of  ten  (10)  dollars,  he  examined  as 
herein  provided  until  he  obtain  such  certificate. 

§  12.  Examinations  may  be  in  whole  or  in  part  in  writing,  and  shall  be  of  an 
elementary  and  practical  character,  and   shall  embrace  the  gezieral  subjects  of 


n  mimed  in 

ontinuously 

10  thousand 
ivith  the  two 
it  wher"  he 
esidenco,  an 
St.ite,  imd  if 
.  or  said  two 
,  give  him  a 

11  its  depiirt- 

pructii  ;'d  in 
icine  in  this 
3  State  board 
lal  district  in 
mbers  of  the 
of  residence, 

physician  (if 
1  examination 
uination  they 
or  a  majority 
shall  have  the 
d  the  diploma 

.  district  shall, 
eir  meeting  is 
ler  in  general 
■  the  time^and 
permission  to 
each  week  for 
is  section  does 
tate  to  treat  a 
lii°  State,  and 

efore  provided 

State  board  of 

lall  endorse  on 

to  the  pe-  on 

\s  hereinbefore 
)er8  thereof  by 
6  returned  if  a 
one  year  after 
he  payment  of 
Y  as  often  as  he 
be  examined  as 

d  shall  be  of  an 
)ral  subjects  of 


WEST   VIUOINIA. 


245 


anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  materia  medica,  patliological  anatomy,  surgery 
and  obstetrics,  but  sufficiently  strict  to  test  the  <iualificHtions  of  the  candidate  as  a 
practitioner  of  medicine,  surgery  and  obstetrics.  The  provisions  of  tliis  clm]>ter 
shall  not  a])ply  to  females  jjracticing  midwifery. 

§  13.  Any  person  sliall  be  regarded  as  [iracticing  medicine  within  the  mean- 
ing of  this  chapter  who  shall  profess  ]>ul)licly  to  be  a  physician,  and  to  |)re8cribe 
for  the  sick,  or  who  shall  append  to  his  name  the  letters  "M.D."  This  act  shall 
also  apply  to  apothecaries  and  pharmacists  who  prescribe  for  the  sick.  This  act 
ahull  not  apply  to  commissioned  officers  of  the  United  States  army  and  navy  and 
marine-hospital  service. 

i;  14.  Any  itinerant  pliysician  desiring  to  practice  medicine  in  this  State, 
shall.  l)efore  doing  so,  pay  to  the  sheriff  of  every  county  in  which  lie  desires  to 
])ractice,  a  special  tax  of  fifty  doUius  for  each  month  and  fraction  of  a  month  he 
shall  so  practice  in  such  county,  and  take  his  re>'eipt  in  duj)licatt'  therefor.  He 
sliall  present  said  receipts  to  the  clerk  of  the  county  court  of  sui!- county,  who 
shall  tile  and  j)reserve  one  of  them  in  his  office,  and  endorse  on  the  other  the  words: 
"A  dujjlicate  of  this  receipt  has  been  filed  in  my  olTiiie."  and  sign  the  same  and 
deliver  it  to  the  person  presenting  the  same;  and  if  any  sucli  physician  shall  prac- 
tice, or  attempt  to  practice  medicine  in  any  such  county  without  having  paid  such 
tax  and  filed  such  receipt  with  the  clerk  of  the  county  court  and  obtained  his 
endorsement  on  the  other  as  aforesaid,  or  if  lie  shall  so  jiractice  or  attemjit  to 
practice  for  a  longer  j)eriod  than  that  for  wliich  he  has  paid  sncli  tax  as  aforesaid, 
he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  be  fined  not  less  than  one  hundred  nor 
more  than  five  hundred  dollars.  Any  person  who  shall  travel  from  place  to  place 
and  by  writing,  printing  or  otherwise,  publiely  profess  to  cure  or  treat  diseases, 
injuries  or  deformities,  shall  be  held  and  deemed  to  bo  an  itinerant  physician  and 
subject  to  the  taxes,  fines  and  jienalties  prescribed  in  this  section. 

*^  1.5.  If  any  person  shall  ])ractice,  or  attempt  to  practice  medicine,  surgery 
or  obstetrics  in  this  State  witliout  having  complied  with  ilie  provisions  of  section 
nine  (9)  of  this  chapter,  except  as  therein  ])rovided,  he  sliall  be  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor and  lined  for  every  such  offense  not  less  than  fifty  nor  more  than  five 
hundred  dollars,  or  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  not  less  than  one  month,  nor 
more  than  twelve  months,  or  be  punished  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  court.  And  if  any  jierson  shall  file  or  attempt  to  file  as  his 
own.  the  diploma  or  certificate  of  another,  or  shall  file  or  attempt  to  file  a  false  or 
forged  affidavit  of  his  identity,  or  sliall  willfully  swear  falsely  to  any  question 
which  may  be  propounded  to  him  on  his  examination,  as  herein  jirovided  for,  or  to 
any  affidavit  herein  required  to  be  made  or  filed  by  him,  he  shall,  upon  conviction 
thereof,  be  confined  in  the  penitentiary  not  less  than  one  nor  more  than  three 
years,  or  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  not  less  than  six  nor  more  than  twelve 
months,  and  fined  not  less  than  one  hundred  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  court. 

§  16.  The  secretary  of  the  Slate  board  of  liealtli  shall  receive  a  salary  to  be 
fixed  by  the  board,  but  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  five  liundred  dollars;  he  shall  also 
receive  his  traveling  and  other  necessary  expenses  incurred  in  the  performance  of 
his  official  duties  within  the  limits  of  this  State,  not  to  exceed,  however,  one 
hundred  dollars.  The  other  members  of  said  board  shall  each  receive  four  dollars 
per  day  for  each  day  actually  and  necessarily  employed  by  them  in  tlie  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  their  office.  But  the  whole  of  the  exjienses  so  incurred,  the  salary 
of    the    secretary   and    the    per    diem  of    the   members  of    the  board,  shall    not 


■  L     'PV    tl"-^^ 


246 


MEDICAI,  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


exceed  the  sum  of  fifteen  hundred  doUarn  in  any  one  year.  The  State  board 
sha'il  audit  all  bills  made  out  in  due  form  and  verified  by  the  member  ren- 
dering the  services,  or  incurring  the  ex])ense,  or  traveling  in  the  performance  of 
the  duties  of  his  office.  Such  bills,  when  approved  by  the  governor,  shall  be  paid 
out  of  the  State  treasury. 

§  17.  All  moneys  received  by  the  State  board  of  health,  or  any  of  its  mem'iers, 
in  payment  of  fees  for  examination,  as  well  as  the  special  taxes  received  by  the 
sheriff  under  the  provisions  of  section  fourteen  (14)  of  this  chapter,  shall  be  paid 
into  the  State  treasury  within  one  month  after  the  same  are  received.  And  it  shall 
bo  the  duty  of  the  secretary  of  the  State  board  of  health  on  the  first  days  of 
January  and  July  in  each  year,  or  within  Ive  days  thereafter,  to  certify  to  the 
auditor  all  such  moneys  received  by  said  board  or  any  member  thereof,  during  the 
preceding  six  months.  It  shall  also  be  the  duty  of  the  clerk  of  every  county  court 
on  the  same  days  in  each  year,  or  within  five  days  thereafter,  to  certify  to  the  liuditor 
all  moneys  received  by  the  sheriff  under  this  chapter  shown  by  the  receipts  tiled  in 
his  office,  as  required  by  section  fourteen  (14)  of  this  chapter.  And  any  such  secre- 
tary or  clerk  who  shall  fail  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  section,  shall  be 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  fined  for  each  offense  not  less  than  fifty  no"  aore 
than  two  iiundred  dollars.  And  if  any  member  of  the  State  board  of  health  shall 
fail  to  account  for  and  pay  into  the  treasury,  as  herein  required,  any  moneys 
received  by  him  as  aforesaid,  he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  fined  double 
the  amount  of  the  moneys  so  received,  and  which  he  has  failed  to  pay  as  aforesaid. 

S?  18.  The  secretary  of  the  State  board  of  health,  or  any  member  thereof, 
shall  have  power  to  administer  oaths  and  take  and  certify  affidavits  in  any  matter 
or  thing  pertaining  to  the  business  of  the  board,  or  of  any  of  the  members  thereof. 

§  19.  If  any  person  knowingly  sell  any  diseased,  corrupted  or  unwholesome 
provisions,  whether  food  or  drink,  without  making  the  same  known  to  tlio  buyer, 
he  shall  bo  confined  in  jail  not  m*.  re  than  six  montlis,  and  fined  not  exceeding  one 
hundred  dollars. 

§  20.  If  any  person  fraudulently  adulterate,  for  the  purpose  of  sali\  any- 
thing intended  for  food  or  drink,  or  if  he  knowingly  sell  or  barter  anything 
intended  for  food  or  drink,  which  is  not  what  it  is  represented  to  be,  or  what  it  is 
sold  for,  he  shall  be  confined  in  jail  not  more  than  one  year,  and  fined  not  exceed- 
ing five  hundred  dollars;  and  the  adulterated  or  other  articles  shall  be  forfeited 
and  destroyed. 

§  21.  All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  coming  within  the  purview  of  this  act,  and 
inconsistent  therewith,  are  hereby  repealed. 

Approved  March  25,  1882,  and  in  force  from  that  date. 

Governor  Jaokson,  in  his  biennial  message  to  the  legislature,  dated 
January  20,  1883,  refers  to  the  board  of  health  of  the  State  as  follows: 

"  The  law  establishing  the  State  board  of  health  and  regulating 
the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery,  as  amended  and  re-enacted  last 
winter,  has  proved  a  wise  act  of  legislation.  It  is  admirably  adapted 
to  secure  the  protection  of  the  lives,  health,  prosperity  and  happiness  of 
all  classes  of  the  people.  The  law  is  now  in  force  in  every  cotmty  of 
the  State,  and  we  may  reasonably  expect  that  its  operations  will  prove 
of  much  benefit." 


state  board 
member  ren- 
rformnnce  of 
shall  be  paid 

itsmem^iers, 
seived  by  the 
shall  be  paid 
And  it  shall 
first  days  of 
3ertify  to  the 
of,  during  the 

county  court 
to  the  .luditor 
ceipts  tiled  in 
[jy  such  SBcre- 
ition,  shall  be 
ifty  no"  'lore 
(f  health  shall 
I,  any  moneys 
i  lined  double 
y  as  aforesaid, 
mber  thereof, 
in  any  matter 
rubers  thereof. 

unwholesome 

I  to  the  buyer, 
exceedinf^f  one 

of  sale,  any- 
irter  anytliing 
3,  or  what  it  is 
led  not  oxceed- 

II  be  forfeited 

if  this  aot,  and 


ilature,  dated 
;e  as  follows: 
d  regulating 
-enacted  last 
ably  adapted 
happiness  of 
ary  connty  of 
as  will  prove 


>i«BiBita 


WISCONSIN. 


L'47 


WISCONSIN. 

Population,  1,315,    '''.     Number  of  physicians,  1,549.     Number  of 
inhabitants  to  each  physician,  840. 

An  Act  to  Prevent  Quacks  from  Deceiving  the  People  by  Assuming  a  Professional 

Title. 

The  People  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  represented  in  Senate  and  Assembly,  do 
enact  as  follows: 

■Section  1.  No  person  practicing  physio  or  surgery,  or  both,  who  is  prohibited 
by  section  one  thousand  four  hundred  and  thirty-six  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of 
Wisconsin,  1878,  from  testifying  in  a  professional  capacity,  as  a  physician  or 
surgeon,  in  any  case,  shall  assume  the  title  of  doctor,  physician  or  surgeon,  by 
moans  of  any  abbreviation,  or  by  the  use  of  any  word  or  words,  letters  of  the 
alphabet  of  the  English  or  any  other  language,  or  any  device  of  whatsoever  kind, 
printed,  written  or  painted,  or  exhibited  in  any  advertisement,  circular,  hand-bill, 
letter  or  other  instrument,  nor  on  any  card,  sign,  door  or  place  whatsoever.  Any 
person  violating  any  provision  of  this  act  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor, and  shall,  on  conviction  thereof,  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than 
twenty-five  dollars,  nor  more  than  one  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the 
county  jail  not  less  than  ten  dayi,  nor  more  than  sixty  days,  for  each  offense. 

§  2.  Upon  complaint  mane,  u;  writing,  under  oath,  before  any  magistrate  or 
justice  of  the  peace,  charging  the  commission  of  an  offense  against  the  provisions 
of  this  act  in  his  county,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  district  attorney  to  prosecute 
the  offender,  and  in  all  such  prosecutions  the  burden  of  proof  shall  be  upon  the 
defendant  to  establish  his  right  to  use  such  title,  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

§  3.  Any  person  prohibited  by  section  one  of  this  act  from  assuming  the  title 
of  doctor,  physician  or  surgeon,  who  shall  practice,  or  pretend  to  practice,  physic 
or  surgery,  or  both,  shall  not  be  exempted  from  any,  but  shall  be  liable  to  all.  of 
the  legal  penalties  and  liabilities  for  malpractice;  and  ignorance  shall  be  no  excuse 
for  failing  to  perform,  or  for  negligently  or  nnskillfuUy  performing,  or  attemi)ting 
to  perform,  any  of  the  duties  required  by  law  of  practicing  physicians  or 
Burgeons. 

§  4.  Every  person  pretending  to  practice  physic  or  surgery,  or  both,  shall, 
upon  demand  of  any  person,  exhibit  all  diplomas  or  licenses  that  he  may  have  to 
practice  physio  or  surgery,  or  both;  and  if  such  person,  upon  demand,  shall  refuse 
to  exhibit  such  diplomas  or  licenses,  any  suit  instigated  against  him  under  this 
chapter  shall  not  be  considered  malicious. 

§  5.     This  act  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  its  passage  and  publication. 
Approved  March  30,  1881. 

Section  1436  of  the  Eevised  Statutes  of  Wisconsin,  referred  to  in 
the  above  law,  reads  as  follows: 

§  1436.  No  person  practicing  physio  or  surgery,  or  both,  shall  have  the  right 
to  collect  in  any  action,  in  any  court,  fees  or  compensation  for  the  performance  of 
any  medical  or  surgical  service,  or  to  testify  in  a  professional  capacity  as  a  physi- 
cian or  surgeon  in  any  case,  unless  he  shall  have  received  a  diploma  from  some 
incorporated  medical  society  or  college,  or  shall  be  a  member  of  the  State  or  some 
county  medical  society  legally  organized  in  this  State. 

Medical  societies  are  empowered  to  issue  diplomas  by  the  following: 
§  1426.     [Revised  Statutes.]     The  censors  of  each  medical  society  shall  care- 


"wror 


248 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


fnll^-  and  impartially  oxnmino  ull  modical  studeuts  who  slinll  present  themselveB  br 
candidates  for  a  diploma  and  membersiiip  of  such  society,  and  report  their  opinion 
in  writing  to  the  president;  and  thereupon  the  society  may  grant  diplomas  to  the 
persons  so  examined,  under  the  hand  of  the  president  and  the  seal  of  the  society, 
which  diploma  shall  constitute  them  members  of  such  society ;  but  no  person  shall 
be  so  examined  and  no  diploma  shall  be  issued  to  any  person  unless  he  shall  have 
arrived  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  have  a  good  Englinh  education,  have  studied 
medicine  at  least  throe  years  with  some  respectable  practitioner,  and  shall  produce 
satisfactory  evidence  of  a  good  moral  character.  Every  person  receiving  a  diploma 
from  any  such  medical  society  shall  pay  therefor  ten  dollars  to  the  treasurer 
thereof. 

J.  T.  Keeve,  M.D.,  secretary  State  Board  of  Health  of  Wisconsin, 
writes : 

"  This  is  the  only  law  we  have  on  the  subject.  I  do  not  know  how 
the  impression  has  gone  abroad,  as  it  has,  that  we  have  a  law  regulat- 
ing the  practice  of  medicine,  for  we  have  none." 


Milwaukee  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 
Milwaukee,  Wis.     (Pop.  115,587.) 

No  date  of  organization  is  given  in  its  publications.  The  second 
annual  announcement  (dated  1882,  which  would  indicate  that  the  insti- 
tution was  organized  in  1881)  says:  "  This  college  is  incorporated  under 
the  general  law  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin.  Its  faculty  have  full  power 
to  issno  diplomas  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and  are  iiossessod  of  all 
rights  and  privileges  granted,  or  that  may  be  granted,  to  colleges  in 
the  country." 

It  is  also  stated  that  "the  qualifications  requisite  for  graduation 
from  this  college  will  be  of  the  highest  standard,  and  effoiis  will  be 
constantly  made  to  render  the  course  of  instruction  still  more  thorough 
and  comprehensive." 

What  is  considered  the  "  highest  standard "  of  qualifications 
requisite  for  graduation  is  shown  in  the  following  paragraphs  from  the 
announcement: 

"  Provided,  however,  since  many  States  have  legalized  the  status  of  practi- 
tioners by  examining  boards,  therefore,  any  person  otherwise  qualified,  and  holding 
certificates  of  fitness  or  authority  to  practice  from  any  State  board  of  health,  may 
become  an  applicant  for  graduation  by  attending  a  single  course  of  lectures  in  this 
college." 

"  Likewise,  practitioners  of  five  years  of  reputable  and  consecutive  practice, 
upon  furnishing  a  certificate  of  the  fact  from  the  county  clerk  and  three  good  and 
reputable  citizens,  according  to  the  following  form,  may  become  applicants  for 
the  honors  of  the  school,  upon  attendance  of  one  full  term'  of  lectures  and  passing 
a  satisfactory  examination." 

I^pon  this,  and  other  evidence  of  irregularities,  the  Illinois  State 


emselves  a» 
loir  opinion 
jinns  to  the 
the  Bociety, 
person  shall 
e  shall  have 
inve  studied 
lifill  produce 
ig  a  diploma 
he  treasurer 

WiBCoasin, 

know  how 
aw  regulat- 


1 


WI80()N8IN— WYOMING  TERRITORY. 


249 


The  second 
at  the  insti- 
rated  under 
B  full  power 
^essod  of  all 
colleges  in 

graduation 
orts  will  be 
ire  thorough 

ualifications 
)hs  from  the 

tuB  of  practi- 
I.  and  holding 
health,  may 
'ccfures  in  this 

iitive  practice, 
hree  good  and 
.pplicants  for 
i8  and  passing 

LiNoiH  State 


Board  op  Health  has  refused  t(j  recognize  the  diplomas  of  this  institu- 
tion; and  its  methods,  the  personnel  of  the  faculty  and  general 
character,  were  fully  exposed  in  the  report  of  the  jiecretary  to  the  Board, 
at  its  regular  quarterly  meeting  in  June,  1 883.  Since  that  exposure, 
the  attorney -general  of  Wisconsin  has  taken  steps  to  cause  the  charter 
of  this  college  to  be  declared  forfeited  for  fraudulent  and  illegal  prac- 
tices, and  the  institution  is  defunct.  It  was  also  known  by  the  name  of 
"The  Coney  Medical  Institute." 


WY03IING  TERRITORY. 

Population,  20,789.  Number  of  physicians,  80.  Number  of  in- 
habitants to  each  physician,  093. 

An  Aot  to  Prevent  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  Surgery  or  Obstetrics  by  Unqnahfled 
Persons. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Council  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Territory 
of  Wyoming: 

Skotion  1.  No  person  shall  practice  medicine,  Hurgery  or  obstetrics  in  this 
Territory  who  has  not  received  a  medical  education  and  a  diploma  from  some 
regularly  chartered  medical  school,  said  school  to  have  a  bona  fide  existence  at  the 
time  when  said  diploma  was  granted. 

§  2.  Every  physician,  surgeon  or  obstetrician  in  t!a8  Territory  shall  file  for 
record  with  the  registrar  of  deeds  of  the  county  in  which  he  or  she  is  aboit  to 
practice  his  or  her  profession,  or  where  he  or  she  now  practices  it,  a  copy  of  his  or 
her  diploma,  at  the  same  time  exhibiting  the  original,  or  a  certificate  from  the  dean 
of  the  medical  school  of  which  he  or  she  is  a  graduate,  certifying  to  his  or  her 
graduation. 

§  3.  Every  physician,  surgeon  or  obstetrician  when  filing  a  copy  of  his  or 
her  diploma  or  certificate  of  graduation,  as  required  by  section  two  of  this  act, 
Bhall  be  identified  as  the  person  named  in  the  papers  about  to  be  filed,  by  the 
affidavit  of  two  citizens  of  the  county,  or  by  his  or  her  affidavit,  taken  before  a 
notary  public  or  commissioner  of  deeds  for  this  Territory,  which  affidavit  shall  be 
filed  in  the  office  of  the  registrar  of  deeds. 

§  4.  Any  person  practicing  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics,  in  this  Territory 
without  complying  with  sections  one,  two  t-nd  three  of  this  act,  shall  be  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and,  upon  conviction,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than 
fifty  dollars,  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county 
jail  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  thirvy  days,  nor  more  than  six  mouths,  or  by  both 
fine  and  imprisonment,  for  each  and  every  offense.  And  any  person  filing  or 
attempting  to  file  as  his  or  her  own,  the  diploma  or  certificate  of  graduation  of 
another,  or  a  forged  affidavit  of  identification,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  felony,  and, 
npon  conviction,  shall  be  subject  to  sucli  fine  and  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary 
as  may  be  fixed  by  the  court  for  said  offense, 

§  6.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  police,  sheriff  or  constable  to  arrest  all  per- 
sons practicing  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics  in  this  Territory,  who  have  not 
complied  with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  the  officer  making  the  arrest  shall  be 
entitled  to  one-half  of  the  fine  collected. 


250 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


§  6.  No  portion  of  tliifl  act  flhall  apply  to  any  person  who,  in  an  emergenoy, 
may  preBcribe  or  give  advice  in  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics,  in  a  section  of 
oonntry  where  no  physician,  surgeon  or  obstetrician  resides,  or  where  no  physician, 
mrgeon  or  obstetrician  resides  within  convenient  distance,  nor  to  persons  pre> 
BCribing  in  their  own  family ;  nor  shall  the  provisions  of  this  act  apply  to  persona 
claiming  to  practice  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics  in  any  section  of  the  Territory 
wherein  no  physician  or  surgeon,  having  a  diploma  or  certificate  of  graduation  lis 
aforesaid,  now  resides  or  shall  hereafter  reside. 

§  7.  Upon  the  trial  of  any  person  charged  with  a  violation  of  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  it  shall  be  sniBoient  for  the  prosecution  to  show  that  the 
defendant  hos  practiced  medicine,  surgery  or  obstetrics  within  the  county  where 
the  indictment  is  found,  at  any  time  since  the  passage  of  this  act,  and  the  defendant 
shall  not,  after  such  proof,  be  entitled  to  an  acquittal  until  he  or  she  shows  by  the 
testimony  of  some  competent  witness,  upon  oath,  that  the  defendant  has  received 
a  medical  education  and  a  genuine  diploma  from  some  regularly  chartered  medical 
school:  Provided,  that  the  defendant  may  show  such  facts  by  depositions  taken  in 
the  same  manner  as  depositions  are  taken  in  civil  cases. 

§  8.  Thot  an  act  entitled  "  An  act  to  protect  the  citizens  of  Wyoming  Terri- 
tory from  empiricism,  and  to  elevate  the  standing  of  the  medical  profession,"  be 
and  the  same  is  hereby  repealed. 

§  9.    This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage. 

Dr.  J.  H.  FiNFRocK,  of  Laramie  City,  writes: 

"  I  believe  our  law  is  efficient,  althoitgh  it  has  never  been  tested  in 
our  higher  courts.  Several  aiTests  have  been  made  nnder  it,  but  the 
parties  either  left  before  trial  or  ceased  to  practice.  As  no  attempt  has 
ever  been  made  to  repeal  the  law,  I  conclude  it  is  favorably  received 
by  all  classes.  Physicians  are  exempt  from  jury  duty,  and  receive  ten 
dollars  per  day  when  testifying  before  a  coroner's  jivry,  and  thirty 
dollars  for  making  a  post-mortem  examination. 


smergenoj, 
.  section  of 
I  physician, 
ersous  pre- 
to  perHons 
le  Territory 
aduiition  as 

any  of  tiie 
)w  ttiat  tlie 
)unty  where 
6  defendant 
hows  by  the 
tias  received 
red  medical 
)ns  talcen  in 

ming  Terri- 
ifession,"  be 

passage. 

a  tested  in 
it,  but  the 
ttempt  has 
ly  received 
receive  tea 
and   thirty 


AtnUUARY  AND  POST-GRADUATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


251 


Auxiliary  and  Post-Graduate  Institutions 

AND  Courses, 


Auxiliary    Department    of    Medicine,    University    of    Pennhylvania. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Organized  in  1865.-  Faculty  consists  of  five  professors. 

CouBBK  OP  iNSTRuoTioN-althongh  strictly  collateral  to  medicine,  is  largely 
scientific  in  its  character,  and  tiie  degree  of  bachelor  of  science  (B.S.)  is  conferred 
npon  those  graduates  in  medicine  of  the  university,  or  of  other  recognized  schools 
who  attend  two  full  courses  in  the  auxiliary  department,  pass  a  satisfact  >ry  exam-' 
ination  before  the  faculty,  and  present  an  original  thesis  on  some  one  of  the 
subjects  taught.  These  latter  comprise  medical  jurisprudence  and  toxicology 
mineralogy  and  geology  (including  a  practical  course  on  mineralogical  and 
geological  chemistry);  botany,  hygiene,  comparative  anatomy  and  zoology.  The 
session  for  1884  will  begin  in  March  and  continue  until  the  early  part  of  June 

Fees:  Lectures  are  free  to  all  matriculates  and  graduates  of  the  medical 
department  of  the  university;  to  all  others,  $10  is  charged  for  each  professor's 
ticket,  or  |35  for  the  course.    Graduation,  1 10.  ■  . 


OF 


Post-Graudate    Instruction,    Medical     Department,    University 

Pennsylvania.  "' 

Established  in  1880  —  although  for  many  years  previous  a  post- 
graduate course  was  afforded  during  the  spring  and  early  summer.— 
Faculty  consists  of  eight  professors  and  ten  lectm-ers. 

CouBBB  OF  iNSTBUOTioN-divided  into  three  terms  of  eight  weeks  each,  begin- 
mng  m  January,  April  and  March-consists  in  bedside  and  dispensary  lessons  in 
the  practical  examination  of  patients,  and  the  use  of  instruments  of  precision  in  the 
diagnosis  and  treatment  of  disease.  The  following  subjects  are  taught:  Clinical 
medicine  and  physical  diagnosis;  renal  diseases,  with  practical  examination  of 
urine;  nervous  diseases  and  electro-therapeutics;  clinical  surgery;  ophthalmology 
dermatology;  otology;  gynecology;  operative  and  genito-urinary  surgery,  with 
venereal  diseases;  clinical  and  operative  obstetrics;  laryngology;  diseases  of 
children. 

Fees:  Matriculation,  $5  (matriculates  of  the  university  exempt);  full  course, 
eight  weeks,  |160;  sixteen  weeks,  $200;  individual  subjects,  $10  to  $26. 


252 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


New  YonK  Polyclinic. 
New  York  City. 

Organized  in  1882. — Faculty  consints  of  sixteon  profosHors  and  two 
adjunct  profoHHorH,  besidon  which  there  are  thirty-soven  aHsiHtauts  to 
the  faculty. 

ClinicH  are  held  daily  throughout  the  year,  in  diHeuaes  of  the  chest,  —  of 
ehildron,  —  of  the  throat,  iiohc  nnd  onr,  —  of  t.ie  nervouH  Hysteiii,  of  the  skin, 
—  of  the  eye;  in  general  medicine,  surgery,  gynecology,  and  orthopedic  surgery. 

Fees:  Except  for  general  nnd  operative  surgery,  and  for  diseases  of  women 
(which  are  ^2!")  each),  and  for  diseases  of  the  eye  (which  is  iji20),  the  tickets  are  f  16 
for  each  depurtnieut,  »ud  are  good  for  six  weeks  after  date  of  issue. 

Hemarks:  This  iH  strictly  a  school  of  clinical  medicine  and  surgery. 
There  are  no  didactic  lectures,  and  none  but  practitioners  are  admitted. 

New  York  Poht-Graduate  Mepical  School.  . 

Now  York  City. 

Organized  in  1882.- — Faculty  consists  of  eleven  professors  and  six 
associate  professors. 

Clinics  held  daily  in  clinical  and  operative  surgery;  diseases  of  the  mind  and 
nervous  system,  —  of  the  eye  and  ear.  —  of  the  nose  and  throat,  —  of  the  skin, 
genito-urinary  organs  and  venereal  diseases,  —  of  women,  —  of  children;  ortho- 
pedic surgery  and  mechanical  therajicutics;  pathology  and  general  medicine; 
obstetrics  and  operative  midwifery. 

Fees:  General  ticket,  for  a  full  course  in  all  the  departments,  from  May  1  to 
October  1,  |50;  partial  ticket,  for  any  four  courses,  $20. 

Eemarks:  Instruction  is  entirely  clinical.  Certificates  of  attendance 
are  issued  for  any  seven  weeks  of  continuous  study. 


Philadelphia  Polyolinic  and  College  for  Graduates  in  Medicine. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Organized  in  1882.  Clinical  and  practical  instruction  in  medical 
and  surgical  specialties,  to  physicians  only,  is  given  during  the  entire 
year.  In  addition  to  the  clinical  facilities  of  the  college,  the  services  of 
the  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  Wills,  Howard,  Orthopedic  and  Presby- 
terian hospitals,  with  which  members  of  the  faculty  are  connected,  will 
be  utilized  for  instruction.  Clinical  instruction  in  electro-therapeutics 
is  given,  and  the  laboratories  of  pathology,  microscopy  and  chemistry 
are  open  during  the  entire  year. 

Fees  :  "  Pupils  will  have  an  opportunity  of  attending  the  daily  clinioe  from 
Hay  28  to  September  30,  inclusive,  for  a  fee  of  $20  in  each  department." 


trn  and  two 

.HHiHtants  to 

chest,  —  of 

of  the  Bkin, 

eilio  surgery. 

US  of  women 

cketH  arc  $16 

nd  Burgery. 
•e  admitted. 


on)  and  six 

the  mind  imd 
—  of  the  rikin, 
ildren;  ortho- 
ral   medicine; 

Tom  May  1  to 

f  attendance 


Medioine. 

in  medical 
y  tbe  entire 
le  services  of 
and  Presby- 
inected,  will 
therapeutics 
d  chemistry 


y  olinioe  from 
ent." 


AUXILIARY  AND  POST-GRADUATE  INHTITUTIONS. 


258 


COLLEOE  FOR  MeDICAL  PnACTITIONERH. 

St.  LouiH,  Mo. 
Organized  in  1882. .  Tlio  ohjoctH  of  this  collecro  ni-p  to  afford  medical 
practitionerH,  grmhiateH  and  non  f,'radiiateH  the*  opportunity  of  reviewing 
their  collegiate  studios  and  of  receiving  additional  practical  instructioa 
in  the  several  specialties  of  medicine  and  surgery.  Three  sessions,  each 
of  five  we(*ks'  duration,  annually. 

A  dii>loma  of  associate  membership  is  conferred  under  the  following 
conditions: 

iBt.  They  must  have  attended  a  full  course  of  lectures  and  the  clinics  of  all 
the  departments  of  thi  ■  college. 

2d.     Must  be  n  graduate  of  some  recognized  and  reputable  medical  school. 

8d.     Must  apply  in  their  own  handwriting  for  examination. 

4th.  Must  have  passed  a  satisfactory  examinaticjn  in  all  the  branches  taught 
in  this  college. 

6th.  And  must  present  to  the  college  a  prepared  physiological  or  pathological 
specimen  (wet  or  dry),  or  a  cast  or  drawing,  with  the  name,  address  and  the  alma 
mater  of  the  applicant  attached.     The  fee  for  this  diploma  is  |25. 

Persons  who  are  not  graduates  of  any  medical  college  may  attend 
the  lectures  in  this  college,  and  may  receive  a  certificate  of  attendance, 
provided  that  they  present  to  the  college  a  prepared  pathological  or 
physiological  specimen  (wet  or  dry),  or  a  drawing. 

Baltimore  Polychnio  and  Post- Graduate  Medical  School. 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Organized  in  1884  Practical  instruction  to  physicians  and  ad- 
vanced students  in  all  the  branches  of  medicine  and  surgery.— Faculty 
consists  of  thirteen  professors  and  thirteen  assistants. 

Daily  clinics— except  Sunday;  dispensary  practice;  an  "out-door  obstetrical 
department";  no  didactic  lectures;  each  course,  four  weeks'  duration. 

Fees:  Surgery,  genito-urinary  and  rectal  surgery,  diseases  of  the  throat  and 
chest,  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  dermatology  and  syphilis,  general  practice  of 
medicine  and  urinary  pathology,  orthopedic  surgery,  diseases  of  children,  |10 
each;  gynecology  and  obstetrics,  $15;  operative  surgery  and  topographical  anat- 
omy, $20.     Material  for  dissection  by  special  arrangement. 


The  following-named  institutions  also  have  post-graduate  courses, 
or  other  facilities  for  instruction  for  practitioners: 
Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago,  111.— A  four  weeks'  course;  fees,  |30. 
Chicago  Medical  College,  Chicago,  111.  —  A  four  weeks'  course;  fees 
$30. 

Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Chicago,  111.— A  six- weeks'  course:  fees 
130. 


!r~ 


m 


264 


MEDICAL  LAWH  AND  .INBTITLTIONS. 


OoLLEaE  or  PiiYHtciANH  AND  SnuoEONH  OF  Chicaoo,  Ohicspo,  111. — A  fotir- 
wocIch'  courHo;  fooB,  $25. 

Medical  Dei-autmknt,  Univehhity  of  Louisville,  LouiHville,  Ky. — A 
Hix-wpoks'  courws  $40. 

Medical  School  of  Hahvahd  UnivEnsiTV,  Bofltf)n,  Mbhh. — Six-months' 
conrHOH  ill  histoloj^y,  ($20);  phyHiology,  ($;10);  inodicul  cbomiBtry, 
($;{0);  patholoj^ical  jinivtomy,  ($20);  Hur^jery,  ($25);  laryngology, 
($20);  ophUmhnology,  ($25);  otology,  ($15);  dermatology,  ($25); 
ByphiliH,  ($15);  disoasna  of  the  norvoiw  syHtom,  ($15);  gynecology, 
($25) ;  obstotricH,  ($25).  Oraduatos  of  other  medical  HchoolH  may 
obtain  the  degree  of  M.D.,  Harv.,  after  a  year's  study  in  the  grad- 
uates' course,  as  above.     Fee  for  full  year,  $200. 

Hom(Eopatuio  Meduial  Colleoe  or  Misbouui,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  —  A  six- 
weekB'  courHo;  fees,  $25. 

St.  Louis  College  of  Physicians  and  Suroeonh,  St.  Louis,  Mo. — "  In 
order  to  obviate  the  nocesHity  of  a  post-gi'aduate  course,  the  pro- 
fessors of  this  school  will  form  classes  for  private  instruction  of 
advaiuiod  students  and  practitioners."     ♦     *     ♦ 

Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  Colleoe,  New  York  City. — Private  instruc- 
tion in  medical,  and  in  physical  diagnosis  ($20  each);  surgical 
operations  ($30);  operative  Burgory  and  surgical  dressings  ($20); 
diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear  ($;50);  diseases  of  the  heart,  lungs 
and  throat  ($12);  laryngoscopy  ($10);  and  diseases  of  women  ($50); 
•'  intended  mainly  for  the  benefit  of  practitioners."     *     ♦     * 

Medical  Department,  Western  Reserve  University,  Cleveland,  O. — A 
five-weeks'  course;  fees,  $25. 

Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  Pa. — A  post-graduate 
course  of  instruction,  including  five  terms  of  seven  weeks  each. 
Instruction  in  ophthalmology,  otology,  gynecology,  physical  diag- 
nosis, diseases  of  the  chest,  orthopedic  surgery,  normal  and 
■  pathological  histology,  diseases  of  children,  lai7ngology,  urinary 
pathology,  medical  chemistiy,  practical  pharmacy,  experimental 
physiology,  dermatology,  botany,  materia  medica  and  experimental 
therapeutics.     Fees  range  from  $10  to  $20. 


LIST   OF    COLLEGES  FOR   WOMEN    ONLY. 

Woman's  Medical  College,  Toronto,  Ont. 
Women's  Medical  College,  Kingston,  Ont. 
Woman's  Medical  College  of  Chicago,  Chicago,  111. 
Woman's  Medical  College  of  Baltimore,  Baltimore,  Md. 


I-IHT  OF  C()LI,K(JKH  FOR  llOTH  HFAKH. 


25K 


1. — A  foiir- 

e,  Ky.— A 

lix-months' 
cbemiBtry, 
iryngology, 
ogy,  ($25); 
jynocology, 
choolH  may 
n  tho  grad- 

.o.  —  A  six- 

Mo.—"  In 
ae,  the  pro- 
Htruction  of 

rate  instruc- 
b);  surgical 
singB  ($20); 
hoaii,  lungs 
omon  ($50); 
♦     * 

laud,  O.— A 

)8t- graduate 
weeks  each, 
sical  diag- 
Qormal  and 
3gy,  urinary 
xporimental 
xperimontal 


Y. 


"Women's  Medical  College  of  tho  Now  York  Infirmary,  Now  York  City. 
Now  York  Medical  College  and  Hospital  for  Women  (HomoBopatbic), 

Now  York  City. 
Woman's  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  I'hiludeljthia,  I'a. 


LIST  OF  COLLEGES  FOR  BOTH  SEXES. 

Tho  following  insMtutions  either  aimoiuu-e  that  they  are  ojxm  to 
both  sexes,  or  had  both  in  attendance  (bu'ing  tho  last  session: 
Cooper  Medical  College,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Univorsity  of  California  Medical  College,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
California  INfedical  College  (Eclectic),  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Medical  Department  of  tht<  University  of  Denver,  D(>nver,  Col. 
Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Colorado,  Boulder,  Col. 
Medical  Department  of  Howard  University,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Georgia  Eclectic  Medical  C(illeg(>,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
College  of  American  Mediciine  and  Surgery,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Hahnemann  Mcvlical  College  and  Ho8j)ital,  Chicago,  111. 
Foii  Wayne  College  of  Medicine,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 
Indiana  Eclectic  Medical  College,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Physio-Modical  College  of  Indiana,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
College  of  PbysiciaiiB  and  Surgeons,  Keokuk,  la. 
Medical  Department  of  the  State  University,  Iowa  City,  la. 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Depui-tmont  of  the  State  University,  Iowa  City, 

Iowa. 
Iowa  College  of  Pliysicians  and  Siiigeons,  Des  Moines,  la. 
Iowa  Medical  College  (Eclectic),  Des  Moines,  la. 
Eclectic  Medical  College  of  Maine,  Lewiston,  Me. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Siu'geons,  Boston,  Mass. 
Boston  University  School  of  Medicine,  Boston,  Mass. 
Department  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  of  the  University  of  Michigan, 

Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Homoeopathic   Medical   College  of   the  University  of   Michigan,  Ann 

Arbor,  Mich. 
Minnesota  College  Hospital,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Joplin  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Jcplin,  Mo. 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of  Missouri,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Omaha  Medical  College,  Omaha,  Neb. 

Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 
College  of  Medicine  of  Syracuse  University,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Medical  Department  of  Shaw  University,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 


256 


MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Wooster,  Cleveland,  O. 
ColumbuB  Medical  College,  Columbus,  O. 
Homceopathic  Hospital  College,  Cleveland,  O. 
Pulte  Medical  College  (Homoeopathic),  Cincinnati,  O. 
Eclectic  Medical  Institute,  Cincinnati,  O. 
Phy  jio-Medical  Institute,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Medical  Department  of  the  Willamette  University,  Portland,  Or. 
Meharry  Medical  Department  of  Central  Tennessee  College,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 


LIST  OF  COLLEGES  FOR  COLORED  STUDENTS. 

Medical  Department  of  Shaw  University,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Meharry  Medical  Department  of  Central  Tennessee  College,  Nashville, 

Tenn. 
The  Medical  Department  of  Howard  University,  Washington,  D.  C,  is 

open  to  all,  "  without  distinction  of  sex  or  race." 


LIST    OF    COLLEGES    WHICH    CONFER    DEGREES    UPON 
ATTENDANCE  ON  SUMIIER  SESSIONS. 

Cooper  Medical  College,  San  Francisco,  Cal.     Ses&ion  begins  June  1, 

and  closer  November  1. 
University  of  California  Medical  College,  San  Francisco,  Cal.     Session 

begins  February  1,  and  closes  November  1. 
Iowa    Medical    College  (Eclectic),  Des   Moines,  la.      Session   begins 

January  1,  and  closes  June  1. 
Kentucky  School  of  Medicine,  Louisville,  Ky.      Session  begins  Feb- 
ruary 11,  and  closes  June  23. 
Hospital  College  of  Medicine,  Louisville,  Ky.     Session  begins  January 

10,  and  closes  June  3. 
Medicpi  School  of  Maine,  at  Bowdoin  College,  Bianswick,  Me.    Session 

begins  February  7,  and  closes  June  1. 
Medical  Depnrtment  of  Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  N.  H.     Session 

begins  August  1,  uud  closes  December  1. 
Long  Island  College  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.    Session  begins  January 

2,  and  closes  May  21. 
Toledo   Medical   College,  Toledo,  O.      Session   begins   March    1,  and 

closes  July  19. 
Eclectic  Medical  Institute,  Cincinnati,  O.     Session  begins  Janutry  14, 

and  closes  Jime  10. 


id,  O. 


I,  Or. 

>,  Nashville, 


ENTS.      ■ 

),  Nashville, 
an,  D.  C,  is 

lES    UPON 

jins  June  1, 
al.  Session 
ision  begins 
begins  Feb- 
ins  January 
Me.  Session 
H.  Session 
gins  January 
arch  1,  and 
Janutry  14, 


LIST  OF  INSTITUTIONS  NOT  RECOGNIZED. 


257 

Ses- 


Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Wooster,  Cleveland,  O 

sion  begins  February  13,  and  closen  July  8. 
Medical   Department  of   the  University  of*  Vermont,  Burlington,  Vt 

Session  begins  March  1,  and  closes  July  J. 


LIST    OF    INSTITUTIONS  -EXTINCT    AND    EXISTING-THE 
DIPLOMAS  OF  WHICH  ARE  NOT  RECOGNIZED. 

Diplomas  of  the  following  named  institutions  are  not  recognized  by 
the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Health: 

American  Eclectic  Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

American  Health  College,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

American  University,  Pbiladelphia,  Pa. 

Bellev  e  Medical  College  of  Massaclmsettfi,  Boston,  Mass. 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Buffalo,  New  York. 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Eclectic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  (late  issues). 

Edinburg  University,  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  and  elsewhere. 

Hygeo- Therapeutic  College,  Bergen  Heights,  N.  J. 

Hygeo-Therapeuiic  College,  New  York  City. 

Joplin  Medical  College,  Joplin,  Mo. 

Joplin  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Joplin,  Mo. 

Kansas  City  Hospital  College  of  Medicine,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Livingston  University,  Haddonfield,  N.  J. 

Medical  Department  of  the  American  University  of  Boston,  Boston 
Mass.  ' 

Neiv  England  University  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Boston,  Mass. 

New  England  Univen,dy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Manchester,  N.  H. 

Penn  Medical  University,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Philadelphia  University  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Physio. Eclectic  Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Physio-Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  (late  issues). 

St  Louis  Eclectic  Medical  College,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

St.  Lotiis  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

United  States  Medical  College,  New  York  City. 


17 


:?   » 


• 

I  ■ 

*      1   - 

•  ' 

• 

« 

\ 

1 

•  ' 

t 

• 

( 

•       ■ 

»    '.    .            ,■  f  .  ,  ,  ■    . 

'   ♦   ■ 

• 

* 

• 

• 

1  * 

• 

• 

,-,<4«7-- 

SUMMARY  AND  ANALYSIS. 


SUMMARY  AND  ANALYSIS. 


A. — Summary  of  Institutions  and  Students. 


259 


I.— INSTITPTIONS. 

1 

6 

8 

i 

-2 

% 
g 

& 

Total  No.  of  Institutions* , 

154 

139 

15 

17 

17 

24 
24 

3 
3 

13 
13 

16 
16 

227 

212 
15 

Total  No.  whose  diplomoa  or  licenses  hare  been  presented  tu 
the  iLLiNOia  State  Boabh  ok  Health 

85 

79 

6 

14 

16 

12 
12 

3 
3 

2 
2 

10 
10 

124 

122 
g 

■— —  in  C^nadp. 

Total  No.  of  such  institutions  recognized  by  the  Illinois  State 
lioAHD  OP  Health  prior  to  the  session  of  188iJ-84 

83 

77 

6 

15 
15 

6 
6 

3 
3 

107 

' 

101 

in  Canada 

6 

Total  No.  heretofore  recognized  conditionally,  all  in  the  United 
States 

4 

2 

3 

9 

Total  Nc.       'nstltutions  now  in  existence 

103 
91 
12 

13 
13 

14 
14 

2 

2 

3 
3 

135 

123 

Total  No.  of  colleges  heretofore  exacting   an  educational  re- 
quirement as  a  fcondition  of  matriculation 

41 

4 

4 

45 

In  the  United  States 

30 
11 

31 

]1 

Total  No.  of  colleges  now  exacting  an  educational  requirement 
as  a  condition  ot  matriculation 

71 

11 
11 

7 

7 

2 
o 

1 
1 

02 

69 
12 

80 

Total  No  of  colleges  heretofore  requiring  attendance  on  three 
or  more  courses  before  graduation 

21 
10 
11 

28 
16 
12 

1 
1 

22 

In  the  United  States 

jl 

in  Canada 

XI 

Total  No.  of  colleges  now  requiring  attendance  on  three  or  mors 
courses  before  graduation 

2 
2 

30 

'****' 

12 



•This  includes  four  (4)  examining  and  licensing  bodies,  which  do  not  give  instruction;  and 
four  (4)  schools  whicli  do  not  confer  degrees. 

Post-graduate  and  auxiliary  institutions  and  courses  (seventeen  in  number)  are  not  included  in 
the  table.  . 


2fi()  MEDICAL  lAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 

Summary  of  1>.stitltion8  and  Stvvkntr— Continued. 


1«— iNSTlTU'liONS. 

S 

1 

6      \ 

t   1 

0. 

— 1 

Fraud't. 
Totals. 

Total  No.  of  colleRes  recommending  and  providinK  for,  but  not 
reauiring  three  or  more  couraes  of  lectures  before  graduation, 

43 

7 

7 
8 

2 

3 
8 

1 

1 
1 

&;! 

all  In  the  United  Statei 

32 

48 

4.' 

Total  No.  of  colleges  formerly  having  chairs  of  hygiene 

2 

84 

i 

Total  No.  of  colleges  formerly  having  chairs  of  forensic  medi- 

1 
1 

49  i     S 
58     U 

( 

4 

9 

lil. 

-    now  liflvlnp  chair"  of  fnrKnsin  medicine 

2 

1 

79 

Total  No.  of  colleges  requiring  a  thesis  as  a  condition  of  gradua- 

1 
33       4 

8 

45 

tion  

6 
4 
2 

2 
2 

« 

in  the  United  States 

6 

2 

• 

23 

8 

2 

40 

1     " 

Total  No.  of  colleges  for  colored  students  only  (United  States).. 

4 

1 

4 

1 

! 



. 

i 
i 

3 

e 

1 

1 
1 

5:1 

4-.' 
64 

III. 

1 

79 

4-5 

S 

6 

2 

40 

4 

1 

SUMMARY  AND  ANAI-YHIS. 

SuMMAHv  OK  Institutions  anu  Stupknts — Coududed. 


2(51 


II.— Studknts. 


Total  No   of  luatrkiilatt's— scHsion  of  1882-83.. 

iu  llie  b'liilcd  States 

in  Cauada 


Total  No.  of  graduates— session  of  1882-83.. 

in  the  I'uitcd  States 

in  Canada 


Percentages  of  graduates  to  matriculates  . 

in  tlu'  United  States 

in  Canada 


Higliest  iieiceni  of  graduates— iiy  States— in  the  U.  S.. 
iu  Canada 


Lowest  percent  of  graduates— hy  States— in  the  U.  S.. 
in  Canada 


11,0(15  I     1,2()4 

10,2;i.'i        1,204 

8.1(1    


873 
872 


•62  I     13.219 

62       12,,363 

'  8.56 


:i.fil)0  437 

3,401')  437 

164  I 


288 
288 


23  '       4,408 

23         4,244 

164 


32.8  36.2 

33.9  36.2 
19.1  


33.0  '       44.2 


33.0 


44.2 


,33.1 
34.1 
19.1 


44,4         43.5 
2.3-    


VI  X\         26.8 
7.3    


68.3  :       46.1 


28.4         33.3 


Highest  percent  of  graduates,  by  indlTldual  colleges— U.S...       58.0         ■">0.9         68,3         46.1 
;i  Canada 2,3.0 


Lowest  percent  of  graduates,  by  individual  colleges— U.S....         5.2         27,0  |      28.2         33.3 
in  Canada "+   : \ 


III.— Duration  of  Lecture  Terms. 


Sthooi,?. 

• 
16    17    19 

20 

21 

22 
8 

23 

T 

24 

28 

1 

26 

U 
10 

1 
2 

27 
1 

30 

3J 

32 
T 

33 

1 

34 
4 

35 

1 

1 

36 

T 

38 

1 

39 
2 

J9 

I 

Reyular— United  States... 

2     2     2  ,  9  121 

i       i 

3 

2 

87 
11 

i       1 
!       >         0 

4 

1 

S 

2 

0 

It 

13 

1      ! 

PhvRlrwMpfliml      IT     S                         ! 

... 
1 

2 

Miscellaneous— U.  S 

Totals 

1  , 

1 

2 

TTT 



17  126 

I 

.    ••• 

'**' 

12 

8 

12 

1 

24 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

1 

2 

126 

! 

Average  duration  of  Lecture  Term,  23^^  weeks     101  Colleges  have  terms  of  five  months  or 
'er.    42  Colleges  have  terms  of  six  mouths  or  over. 


202 


MBDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 


B  — Analysis  of  Colleoks  and  Students. 

I— COLLKOES— E.\lSTISa   AND   EXTISCT— B^   SoHOOW   OK   Pbacticb. 


Statbs. 

Status. 

a 

o 

T 

i 

s 

1 

"ie" 

% 

5 

RxtstlDg. 
Extinct. 



91     13 
48       4 

14 
10 

2 

1 

3 
10 

128 

89 

Totals 

139     17 

24 

3 

13 

16 

212 

Existlug 
Extinct. 

12 
3 

12 

'A 

Toluls 

15 

103 
51 

18 

Existing. 
Extlnul. 

13 
4 

14 

8 

2 
1 

3 

10 

"iii" 

18S 
92 

l.M 

17 

32 

3 

13 

16 

227 

1 

- 

i 

1 

i 

s 

(K 

S 

_— 

3 



128 

10 

16 

89 

13 

16 

212 
12 

■a 

15 

13 


IC 


186 

92 


16  1      237 


•       SUMMARY  AND  ANALYSIS.  268 

Analysis  of  Colleges  and  Students — Continued, 
II. — Matbicolatbs  and  Graduates  in  bach  Statb — 1877-78  to  1882-83,  inolusivi. 


Schools, 

Classes. 

Sessions, 

t 

1 

Per 

Statki. 

i 

1H 

[ 

1 

•-J 

2 

1 

Cent, 

i 

Matr's     .. 

47 
16 

47 
16 

Alabama. 

Iie,^ular... 

Grad's 

18 

18 

20 

22 

21 

Regular... 

Matr's 

22 
1 

3- 
10 

36 

5 

32 
4 

1.2  1 
•20 

Arkansas. 

16.4 

California. 

Regular,,, 

Matr's 

Grad's 

65 
37 

58 
28 

42 
18 

120 
25 

126 
27 

146 
30 

1 

Eclectic... 

Matr's 

48 
13 

31 
11 

25 
10 

32 
11 

136            ,Q  ^ 

45            3=*  + 

Canada. 

Regular... 

Matr's 

Grad's 

051 
64 

434 
107 

423 
96 

535 
103 

662 
105 

856 
164 

3231 
639 

19.8 

Regular,., 

15 
5 

21 
5 

36 
10 

Colorado. 

27.7 

Connecticut 

Regular... 

Matr's 

Grad's 

68 
10 

60 
10 

32 
12 

26 
10 

21 
2 

32 
7 

229 
57 

24.9 

Dist.  of  Columbia. 

Regular... 

Matr's 

Grad's 

119 
19 

123 
27 

141 
34 

168 
23 

173 
81 

193 

45 

91V 
179 

19.8 

Georgia. 

Regular... 

Matr's 

Orad's 

88 
23 

125 
34 

165 
61 

198 
69 

261 
116 

230 
76 

1067 
369 

32.4* 

Matr's    .„ 

81 
24 

67 
18 

148 
42 

Eclectic... 

' 

Regular.. 

Matr's 

Grad's 

564 
185 

555 
164 

705 
195 

788 
234 

821 
247 

923 
295 

4356 
1320 

30.8 

lUiiiols. 

Homceo... 

Matr's 

Grad's 

272 
119 

307 
98 

291 
107 

282 
125 

392 
146 

422 
174 

1966 
769 

39.1 

Eclectic... 

Matr's 

Grad's 

139 
65 

106 
29 

123 
37 

127 
51 

113 
88 

147 
62 

755 
272 

36  + 

Regular,. 

Matr's 

Grad's 

37 
21 

179 
80 

249 
77 

286 
106 

251 
95 

227 
101 

1229 

480 

39  + 

Indiana, 

Ph-Med.. 

Matr'a 

Grad's 

19 
8 

15 

7 

15 

8 

20 
10 

24 
10 

26 
11 

119 
54 

48.3 

Matr's 

27 
12 

19 
11 

24 

7 

70 
30 

Eclectic. 

■*  Betarns  imperfect ;    percentages  computed  only  for  the  years  in  which  complete  returns 
have  been  received,  - 


264  MEDICAI.  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 

Analysis  of  Colleges  and  Students — Continued. 


."■■■,■*  „ 

Schools. 

Classes. 

Sessions. 

e 
1 

Per 
Cent. 

SriTM. 

i 

ill 

i 

1 

i 

Regular. .. 

.Matr's 

(irad's 

82 
19 

92       12fl 
15         22 

415 
162 

424 

172 

292 
89 

1632 
669 

.33.7* 

Iowa.         . 

UomdO.... 

.Miitr's 

(irad's 

18 

1 

32 
3 

47 
9 

60 
IG 

46 
15 

44  i     247 
12        S6 

22.6 

Eclectic  ... 

Matr's 

26 

7 

38        63 
8         16 

>  .     .  ■    ■ 

23  8 

■ 

Knotiicky. 

Ilegular... 

Matr'a 

Grad'.s 

413 
158 

433 
109 

604 
232 

1 

613  !     613 
228  j     241 

672  1  3148 
231  '  1259 

40.0 

Itegular... 

Matr's 

204       '220 
41         66 

212  '     636 
73  1     170 

1 

Louisiana. 

26.7 

Maine. 

Regular... 

Matr's 

Urad's 

94 
26 

99       106 
31         22 

116 
80 

104 
28 

94       611 
28  1     164 

26.8 

Eclectic ... 

Matr's 

23 
3 

38  '      61 

(Irad'n 

14         17 

27.8 

1 

Maryland. 

«««"•"•••  K:::::;|  '^ 

211 
80 

336 
110 

328       392 
143       175 

39'J     1824 
129       702 

38.4 

Regular...  «a^',|;;;: 

73 
47 

99 
70 

96 
45 

118       282 
67         88 

263  '     906 
84  1     394 

28.2 

Hoa,.o.J«;^:-;:;;;; 

i 

169       149 
43         36 

127 
35 

110 
26 

110 
2U 

109       774 
30       198 

26.6 

Michigan. 

«««"'"->l?^'l:::::: 

296 
98 

829 

104 

63 

25 

468 
118 

380 
127 

500 
121 

479 
168 

2452 
726 

28.4 

Ho-o...|M^:«::;:: 

78 
22 

70 
18 

88- 
23 

71 
16 

57 
17 

422 
120 

28.4 

Regular... 

Matr's 

25 
5 

68  1      83 
4           9 

Minnesota. 

10.8 

Regular..."^;-;:: 

473 
161 

462       669 
159  !     192 

604  '     628 
226  1     250 

i 

598  1  3334 
230  :  1218 

i 

36.6 

Homoeo.... 

Matr's 

41  1    .  41 
11  '       11 

UlHOuri. 

Grad's 

26.8 

Eclectic. 

Matr's 

Grad'i 

120        66 
78         36 

1 

96 
42 

66 
22 

•  118 

40 

114 

38 

679 
266 

44.2* 

Regular... 

Matr's 

33 

.qn  1     A» 

Nebruka. 

Grad's 

b  .        9         17 

27.0 

1 

*  Returns  imperfect ;  percentages  computed  only  for  the  years  in  which  compi.He  returns  hart 
been  receiTOd. 


J 


Per 
Cent. 

1632 
5.V) 

33.7* 

247 
86 

22.6 

63 
18 

23  8 

1148 
1259 

40.0 

636 
170 

26.7 

611 
164 

26.8 

61 
17 

27.8 

1824 
702 

38.4 

906 
394 

28.2 

774 
laa 

25.6 

2452 
726 

28.4 

422 
120 

28.4 

83 
9 

10.8 

3334 
1218 

36.6 

41 
11 

26.8 

679 
266 

44.2» 

63 
17 

27.0 

e  rsturDB  har* 


SUMMARY  AND  ANALYSIS.  265 

Analysis  of  Collkoes  and  Students — Continued. 


Schooli. 

ClaneH. 

Sessions. 

1 

Per 

Statu. 

1877-8. 
1878-9. 

1 

^ 

i 

1 

Cant. 

Nev  llumpshlrc. 

87 
30 

88 
23 

80 
26 

78  1      91 
29        43 

76 

28 

2146 
046 

600 
179 

l'i350 
3849 

36.8 

Regular... 

Malr's 

(irad's 

1732 
539 

1933 
(iul 

'^142 

«29 

2209     2197 
(i42       792 

31.1 

New  York. 

Honia'O.... 

Matr's 

llrad'8 

152 

38 

152 
40 

138 
24 

167 
40 

199 
69 

187  !     187 
46  !       55 

1 

1034 

278 

26.8 

Eclectic... 

Mutr's 

Urad'8 

107 
20 

172 
32 

249 
64 

270 
86 

224 
02 

1)60 
294 

25.3 

Kegular... 

Mutr's 

n 

11 

Regular... 

Matr'H 

Urad's 

779 
285 

401 
166 

910 
310 

606 
197 

933 
390 

924 
319 

4613 
1667 

36.9 

Ohio. 

Homa^o.... 

Matr'3 

lirad's 

106 
74 

lOS 
64 

130 

47 

219 

67 

208 
60 

197 
86 

968 

388 

30.2» 

Eclectic... 

Matr's 

(irad's 

267       209 
121         74 

243 
50 

316 
114 

272 
100 

225 
84 

1532 
623 

34.1 

I'li-Med... 

.Matr's 

(irad's 

37         33 
14           7 

1 

35 
12 

34 
11 

36 
12 

26 
12 

201 
68 

33.8 

Oregon. 

Regular... 

Matr's 

(irad's 

25 

7 

82 

8 

27 
6 

31 
13 

29 
9 

28 
10 

172 
53 

30.8 

PenDBylvania. 

Regular. 

Matr's 

(irad's 

1103 
347 

1069 
307 

109,'> 
326 

1163 
340 

1135 
391 

1088 
376 

6633 
2086 

31.4 

Homujo.... 

Matr's 

(irad's 

161 
62 

162 
61 

192 
76 

208 
83 

148 
67 

147 
52 

1018 
380 

37.3 

South  Carolina. 

Regular... 

Matr's 

Grad's 

60 
17 

71 
20 

74 
23 

77 
21 

66 
19 

61 

18 

899 
118 

29.6 

Tennessee. 

Regular... 

Matr's 

Grad's 

134 
3 

140 
8 

448 
201 

168 
6" 

689 
298 

504 
211 

2013 
778 

43.2 

Vermont. 

Regular... 

Matr's 

Grad's 

108 
33 

140 
49 

143 

63 

171 

50 

190 
85 

151 
36 

903 
306 

33.8 

Virginia. 

Regular... 

Matr's 

67 
13 

84 
25 

117 
25 

208 
113 

Grad's 

17 

21 

12 

24.0* 

•Returns  imperfect; 
been  received. 


percentages  computed  only  for  tlie  years  in  which  complete  returns  h  ave 


•".*-  **^^ ..-...--i^  ■.  v^-g.';v.a^  .  .    ,.jYfV=v,\'-w-'--^'^'' 


200  MEDICAL  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTK  )NH. 

Analysis  of  Colleges  and   Stvozhts— Continued. 
III. Matbioulates  and  Obaduatm  im  lAOH  Stati,  Skssiom  or  1882-88. 


JSTAT18. 

StudentH. 

1 

» 

1 

i 

1 

Matriculates 

United  StatM.                          '                                (jraduatM 

Percent 

1023S 
34U0 
,'l».2 

1204 
437 
36,2 

872 
288 
83.0 

52 

23 

44,2 

12863 
4244 
348 

^ 

Ualrlculates 

856 
164 
19.1 

8W 

164 

CaDttda.                                                  , 

. 

19,1 

1204 
437 
36.2 

872 
288 
33.0 

52 

23 

44.2 

Totals  both  oountriei. 

Matriculates 

Graduates 

Percent 

11091 

aeoo 

.S2.8 

13291 
4408 
33.3 

Matriculates 

(Graduates 

47 
16 

34  + 

47 



1« 

Alabama. 

•                     ■                  '         - 

MatriculateB 

82 
4 

12.5 

32 

******** 

4 

Arkansas, 

Percent 



12.S 

— 

Matriculates 

Graduates 

146 
30 

32 

11 

.14,3 

178 



41 

CaUfornia. 

20.5 

'** 

23  + 

■     '  ■          .■      '■ 

Hatriculatea 

Graduates 

21 

5 

23.8 

21 

5 

Colorado. 

23.8 

Matriculates 

Graduates 

32 

7 

21,8 

32 

Connecticut 



7 
21.8 

. 

Matriculates 

193 

45 

23,3 

193 



46 

District  of  Columbia. 

23.3 

■ — 

Matriculates 

230 

70 

33  + 

gas 

2K5 
31,9 

227 
101 
44.4 

67 

18 

27— 



297 

94 

Georgia. 

31.6 

Matriculates 

422 
174 
41.2 

147 

62 

3S.3 

1492 

621 

Illinois. 

Percent 

34.8 

- 

Matriculates.... 

24 

7 

29.1 

26 

11 

42,3 

277 

119 

Indiana. 

32.8 

, 

Matriculates.... 

292 

89 

,    30.4 

44 
12 

8 

3.14 

lli9 

Iowa. 

27.21    42! 

S'i.i 

1 

882-88. 


ai 

1 

52 

23 

44.2 

12863 
4244 
348 

806 

' 

164 

19.1 

52 

23 

44.2 

13291 
4408 
33.3 

47 

16 

32 

. 

4 

12.S 

2 

17t 

41 

3 

23  + 

■J  I 

5 

' 

23.8 

32 

•• 

7 
21.8 

193 
46 

23.3 

7 

297 

94 

31.6 

7 

1492 

521 

3 

34.8 

4 
7 

1 

26 

11 

42.3 

277 

119 

32.8 

A 

384 

R 

l(i9 

1 

3^.6 

HUMMARY  AND  ANALY8IH. 
Analysis  ok  Colleokm  a.nd   Stidents — Continutd, 


2>n 


•Statw. 

Sludunta. 

1  J 

2 

1 

i 

Matiieiiltttes 

672 
231 
34.3 

212 

73 

34.4 

94 

28 

29.7 

392' 

129 

32.8 

263 

84 

31.9 

479 
158 
32.9 

598 
230 
38.4 

30 

9 

30.U 

672 

Kentucky. 

231 

.34,3 

Matriculates 

Urailuuted 

I'eroent 



— 

212 

Ix>uli«tanii. 

73 

34.4 

.38 

14 

36.8 

Hatriciilatea 

(iraduuti'9 

I'ercent 

132 

MaiDe. 

.       ... 

42 

31.9 

Matriculates 

Maryland.                                            ' 

\ 

109 

.30 

27.5 

•J? 
29.8 

: 

Ma8.<4aohutiuttiH.                                         \ 

Matrlculules 

372 
114 

Percent 

30  6 

Matriculates 

536 

MIcliiKnn. 

175 

31.5 

- 

MatriculateH 

(iTudualtis 

41 
H 

26.8 

114 

38 
33.3 

753 

MlHsouri. 

279 

37  ^ 

Matriculates 

( truduates 

;I0 

Nebraska. 

•1 

30.0 





— 

Matriculates 

(Graduates 

76 

28 

3C.8 

2146 

B4« 
30.1 

76 

New  IIunip»hirf. 

28 

36.8 

Matriculates 

187 

55 

29.4 

224 

62 

27.7 

2525 

New  York. 

763 

29.8 

Matriculates 

11 

]1 

North  Carolina. 

Ohio. 

• 

Matriculates 

024 
319 
34.5 

28 

10 

35.7 

1088 
376 
at.3 

197 

86 

43.5 

225 

64 

28.4 

26 

12 

46.1 

1372 
481 

.35  f 

Matriculates 

(iraduatcB 

28 

Oregon. 

10 

35.7 

147 

52 

35.3 

Matriculates 

Gniduates 

1235 

PennsylTania. 

428 

346 

*                                                                              — 

'JtJLl^- . 


268  MKDIOAL  LAWH  AND  INBTITUTIONH. 

Anauvh.3  ok  Coi.i-kokh  and  Htudknth — Covclndfd. 


STAtW". 

fltudenta. 

i 

1 

i 

1 

iS 

1 

Matrlpultttcs 

18 
28.15 

It 
41.8 

61 

Hotith  C'troUna. 

1* 

20.B 

Miitrlciiliitea 

S(M 

Teuneiaee. 

211 

418 



MnlrlciiUtet 

1(51 

sn 

23.8 

ISl 

88 

23.8 

J 

Matriculates 

(iruduates 

117 

25 

21.8 

117 

Virginia. 

2S 

21.3 

i 

0. 

J 

1 

1 

61 

IR 

29,B 

R04 

211 

41  g 

- 



161 

S6 

23.8 

117 

20 

21.8 

-it\ill^"t»-,lKi\iAi\''  Mi-!!>i9*l'i)li'-'4!''^^^ 


